            .., .., ..

                      .
                 .
       .  ,  
                         "" .

 3,  1        2013-2015 ..
--------------------------------------------------------

                      -.




.

1.   .

2.   .

3.    .

4.        .

5. .

6. .

7. .

8.  .

9.        
 "  ".

 1.
       .

1. , , .

2.    .

3.      .

4.   .

5.    " ".   $K(t)$.
 -.
      5.1.  .
      5.2.      .

6. .    
XV--XVII .

7.        
 .

 2.
    .

1.   .

2.        
.

3.       ,
      
 .

4.       
.

5.      .

6.       
.  26    
 .

7.      
.       .
   .

8.        .
      8.1.    ,     - . ,       .
      8.2.  ,            .      ""   .

9.   ,    
 ,   " "   "
"      .

10.        ?

11.     .

 3.
   .  .
      .

1.            .
      1.1.       .
      1.2.         .
      1.3.           .

2.      
        .
      2.1.        .
      2.2.  " "      .
      2.3.     ,      ,  .
      2.4.     ,      ,   .

3.       
     .
      3.1.       " ".
      3.2.       .
      3.3.      .
      3.4.   .

4.    ,  
     .
      4.1.       ,       .
      4.2.   ..        .
      4.3.         $o^2$ Eri.
      4.4.  ..       . 4.5.        .
      4.6.  " "     "".

5.     .    
    .
      5.1.   :   ,   ,   .
      5.2. -  .
      5.3.     .
      5.4.      .    ,     . 5.5.       ,    .
      5.6.        ,  ,      . 5.7.        ,  ,   .

 4.
  ?

1.  .

2.        .
      2.1.   -  .
      2.2.   ""     .
      2.3. .

3.    ,     .

 5.
    .

0.  .
      0.1.  .
      0.2.  .
      0.3.       .

1.  .

2.     .

3.   $\gamma(t)$  $\varphi(t)$ 
 .

4.   $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$
  .

5.    $\gamma_{stat}$ 
$\varphi_{stat}$.

6. .

 6.
     .

1.  .

2.    .
      2.1.       .
      2.2.           .
      2.3.   .

3.    .
      3.1.           .
      3.2.         .
      3.3.                ,      .
      3.4.            .
      3.5.   ,      $Zod A$,     .

4. .

 7.
   .  
 .

1.    --     .

2.     
     .

3.   .
      3.1.   .
      3.2.    $\Delta$   $t, \gamma,\varphi$  .
      3.3.    .
      3.4.   .

4.       .

5.      8- ,    .

6.      
.
      6.1.   ,   .
      6.2.   .
      6.3.       .
      6.4.   ,      .

7.    .

8.      .         .
      8.1.          .
      8.2.   .
      8.3.    .
      8.4.    "  ".
      8.5.   ,  "  ".
      8.6.        . 8.7.     " ".
      8.8. .

9.     .

10.     , 
  .

11. .

 8.
      .

1.        
  $\gamma$.

2.     .

 9.
     .

1. .

2.   .
      2.1.         .
      2.2.         "".
      2.3.       .
      2.4.    .
      2.5. .

3.  .
      3.1.       .
      3.2.     .
      3.3.      $\Delta$.   .
      3.4. .

4.  .
      4.1.      .
      4.2. .

5.  -.

 10.
    .    
. - .., ...

1. .

2.    .    .

3.       .
 .
      3.1.  .
      3.2.    X-XI .
      ### -  . -   $\eta$    960  .. -    $\beta$     959  .. -   $\delta$    994  .. -     $\gamma$   1009  .. -     X-XI .
      3.3.  -  XV-XVI .
      ### -    $\eta$    1496  .. -    $\beta$    1497  .. -   $\delta$    1528  .. -     $\gamma$   1539  .. -   - .

4.    c    -
.

5.         
   .   .

6. ""  - ,   ,  
   .

7.  ,     
    = "" .

8.    ,   ,
  ,   .

 11.
 ,     .
- .., ...

1.    .
      1.1.        . 1.2.       .
      1.3.  ,  1537 ,  ,  1538 ,  .
      1.4.   .

2.       .

3.   ""  ,   
   .     .

4.       .
      4.1.   .
      4.2.   .
      4.3.   .
      4.4.    .
      4.5.      .

5.    ?

6.   ,     " ".
      6.1.    "" .
      6.2.   "  "   .
      6.3.   "  "    .
      6.4.  ,     ,      .
      ### -   "". -   "". -     XV-XVI .
      6.5.   ,     ,    -.
      6.6. .

7. ,    .    
      ?
      7.1.      .           XVI ,   ?
      7.2. ,       .
      7.3.     "  ".    ,   ,    -     .
      7.4.  ,   ,     1543 ,       ?
      7.5.           " "  ,    ?
      7.6.     " "  .

8.        .
 ,         XI-XII .

9.         
 " " .

10.    Pelusiensis  Pheludiensis   .

11.  ,      .

------------------------------------------------------------------

 1.
 ,      
.

 2.
     
       
.


 .

  .




 .

  -   3-   "" (   14 ).

 1.   . - ...

 2.  1:  -  . - ...  2:   -  . - ...

 3.  1:  . - .., .., ...  2:    - .., .., ...

 4.  1:   . - .., ...  2:   . - .., ...

 5.  1: . - .., ...  2:  . - .., ...

 6.  1:  . - .., ...  2:   -. - .., ...  3:   . - .., ... 

 7.  1:  . - .., ...  2:   "" . - .., .., ...

    :     -     .    ..: "  ", " -  "  "  -  ".             .

      .         .    ,    ,     (     ) -    ..      ,   1973 .      " ".

        .., .., .. "   ",   1995  [3]:1, [3]:2,         2000    "  " [3]:3.   :        VII-XIV  ..    1-9   2000 ,     ..,       ,   :      .   ,        1998       (     2000 ),      .        .

,  10-11  2000  ( ..  ..)     .  12,  .., ,        "  ".

   ,  .., ..  ..,     .  ,  ,   ,   ""- ,      ,   .      .         . ,   ""- ,      ,  XI-XIX  .. ,   ""-         ()     XII-XVI .   ,    ,     ,       .

-----------------------------------

  3-            .

     .         . ,       .      ,       .

  1     , ,        .

  2     .  ,   :   ;  ,   , ,  .        .

  3             . ,            .   ,        .       ,              .    .

   3       .

  4      ,    .  , ,   .  , ,  ,      .         ,     ,        .   .       (, .., ..)     .

 5   ,      .    ,        .

  6           ,     .           " "  " "  .        ,         .   -         .

  7       :   .  , . ,       600  ..    1300  ..      ,   ,    .         -  XV-XVII .      ,  ,    .

  8    " ",             .

  9        :   ,  ,     - (-).           .

 10  ..  ...         ,   ,   .          .   " ",       ,    '         XVI--XVII .      -       " ".

  11,  ..  ..,   ,      .

.., ..
,     ..


            .., .., ..

                     

               "".
-----------------------------------------

                         .

     -   3-   ""
(   14 ).

    1.   . - ...

    2.  1:  -  . - ...
 2:    -  . - ...

    3.  1:  . - ..,
.., ...  2:    -
.., .., ...

    4.  1:   . - ..,
...  2:   . - ..,
...

    5.  1: . - .., ...  2:
 . - .., ...

    6.  1:  . - .., ...
 2:   -. - .., ...
 3:   . - .., ... 

    7.  1:   . - .., ... 
2:   "" . - .., ..,
...

        :    
 -     
.    ..: "  ",
" -  "  "  -  ".   
         
.

         . 
       . 
  ,    ,  
  (     )
-    ..  
   ,   1973
.       " ".

           ..,
.., .. "   ",
  1995  [3]:1, [3]:2,     
   2000    " 
" [3]:3.    :    
    VII-XIV  ..     1-9
  2000 ,     .., 
     ,   : 
    .    ,  
     1998    
  (     2000 ),  
   .  
     .

    ,  10-11  2000  (
..  ..)   
 .   12,  .., ,
       " 
".

      ,  .., .. 
..,     .   , 
,   ,   ""-
,      ,  
.       .    
     .  ,  
""- ,     
,  XI-XIX  .. , 
 ""-        
()     XII-XVI .   
,    ,   
 ,       .

-----------------------------------

     3-      
     .

        .   
      . , 
     .  
   ,    
  .

     1     , ,
       .

     2     .
 ,   :   
;  ,   , ,
 .        
.

     3    
        .
,        
   .    , 
      .    
   ,   
     
    .    
.

      3      
.

     4      ,
   .  , ,  
.   , ,  ,   
  .         ,
    ,      
 .   .    
  (, .., ..)  
  .

    5   ,  
   .  
 ,      
 .

     6     
     ,    
.      
     " " 
" "  .     
   ,     
   .   -  
      .

     7      
:    .  ,
. ,       600
 ..    1300  ..    
 ,   ,    . 
       -  XV-XVII .
     ,  ,    .

     8    " ",  
       
  .

     9       
:   ,  ,    
- (-).        
  .

     10  ..  ...   
     ,
  ,   .   
       .  
 " ",     
 ,    '    
    XVI--XVII .    
 -       " ".

      11,  ..  .., 
 ,      .


                     .., ..

                               ,
                       
                         ..

----------------------------------------------------------------------

                            .

              1.   .

    --     , 
,  . ,    
,       . 
    II  ..  , , , 
  , "     
   .        
    ,   ...   
    ,    -  
" [98], .6.   .0.1, .0.2, .0.3, .0.4, .0.4a,
.0.5, .0.6, .0.6a     . 
.0.6b     .

        ,     
    ,   138--161 
..

     ,      ,  
  , ,    ,  
 ,  , ,    , 
 .  .    
.

   " ,  ,      ,
     . ,
       ,  
       . -, 
       ,
  ,     
 . -,    
     ,    -
   .   
,   ,       
   ,    
      ,    -
         
        , 
      ...   
     ,   
   .     -- ...
,       
 , , ,    , 
... ,  ,    
...    " [704], .5--6.

    --   -  ,   
,   XV--XVII .   
,         , ,
,    ,   ""
     .   
 ,        IV
 ..   " " , II  .., 
  - .

  ,    [704]      
1998 ,       .

       13 ,     430
 -   [704].

        .   .

    " ,     ,  ,  ,  
,  ,       ,
        
   ,    , 
   ,      
   e" [704], .428.

     ,    ,   . 
-  ,      . 
  : "  (   =  -- .) 
      
.         .
 ,    " [704], .431.  
,        , 
 . , "    
      " [704],
.431.  ,      
   ,    
 [797], .1076.

   ,   ,    
  30   .. [797], .1076.  ,    
   .  ,  
        
 = . -,   ,  
    ,    
.  ,   ,     
   .    
 ,      .
,        = .  
,  ,    .   --   
,      .

          .

    1.         ().

    2.   ,     ().

    3.          
 .

    4.        ("  
  ").

          , 
  . ,   1  2   
 --    ,   
()     ..   3   
  ,   ,
   ..   4  
 . ,    --  
,         .
   29  12  44  2,8 . 
      .    5  
      
  .   6     
.

     ,   1020 ,   7-
 8-  .      
 ,     ..

          .
    : , , , ,
.

               2.   .

     ,     
,  138--161  ..  ,   ,
  ,  2  141  ..  [1358], .1.
,    ,   ,
  127--141  ..

       $M \alpha\theta\eta\mu\alpha\tau\iota
\kappa\grave\eta$ $ \Sigma\acute\upsilon\nu\tau\alpha\xi\iota\varsigma$,
  "  ", ,  
      
  .   ,    
    ,   .
    ,   , 
       
[1358].        . 
  ,      ,
  ,    , --   .   
      ,  
    XVII  ..     
     ""    .

    , ,  [1358], .2,  
      II  ..  
.       " "  
   ""     
(Pappus)    (Theon) [1358], .2.  
     "  ", 
      11.     
 ,  , " ",
   :  "  
       
 ,       --   
  1000 ,    ...     
 1000        
" [395], .73.

       ,   VIII--IX ,  
        ,  "
 "     ,     
 .    XII      
  .      .   11.
 ,   ,    -,
    -    , 
,  ,    . "     
      .    
       , 
         ,
         1175  ..
 ( -- .)     
   ,    
(    )     
    ( -- .) ,
   ...    ,  
    (, 1515 ).  
      
(    (Hervagius)  1538 )  
   ,    
 (        ),
    " [1358], .2--3.

          3.    .

   ,  ,  ,   ,   
     . 
  --  II  ..  , , 
   ,      
 ,   ,   II 
 ..   ,     , 
 1000 ,        
 .  ,   X  .. 
  ,   , .

   ,    X     
   -  .   
--   - - - -,
 903-986  [544], .4, .237.   -   .
,    ,   --   
 .         
     ,  ,  
100  .. (   ),   " " --  
  ,      X  ..   
  , , [1119], .161. , 
       
 .        
,       .   
,  , ,   .

   ,   -,   
   ,   ,
1394--1449  .., .       ,
            10
 .   ,   , 
    (1546--1601),   
     .   
  ,    
   .     
,    .      
    .

  4.        .

           
-,    --  
-,      
, ,  ,   
      ,
         
.  ,    
 ,  .   ,  
       
,    . ,  ,  
      ,  
 .

   ,     ,  
  .       
 ,   .       
 --    .       
. ,  XVIII ,  , 
 ,     II  .., .
,  XIX ,       
,  ,       
 II   ..,     .    .:
"     ( -- .)  
   .  ,    1028  (
  ), -,    .   
   ,         
     .     
,        
,    $36''$ (),  
    ,    
 .       
        
    $36''$,    
   .   ,   
     ,    
   ,      
     " [65],
.68--69.

    ,      
.   XVIII--XX     
      ,  
""    ,   
    ..   ,  
  ,   .    
        , ,
  [614],     .

      :     ,
     " ", 
      ,    
 ,    ?  : . 
  ,     
 ,   ,  ,  . 
  ,   .

         , 
      .
     ,  
 .  .  "  ", "
-  "  "  -  ".  
       .

                         5. .

   ,        
 ""-  ,   
185--125   ..   ,     ,
   .    
      ,  
 .       .
   :  "     .
    (    ),    
,     ,   
" [395], .43.

   ,       
   .      
 ,  23--79  ..,  , 
"     ,     ". 
 , [395], .51,       
134   .. "     ,    ,
,   ,   
,        
. ,         , 
  ,    850 " [395], .51.

          .   
   .  ,      
       ,  
 . ,      
   ,    : ",    
", ",    "  .. [395], .52.

         
 .      
      ,   
         
 .        
   ,   .   
       ,  
 ,    .

        ""    
      : "   
",     135   .., 
  [614], .211.    ,   , -- 
,        
   , --    .  
   .  ,   
VII      , 
,     .     ,
          [704],
.210, [614], .212.

    "       , , 
 , ,        
 " [614], .213.  ,  
        II
 ..

                       6. .

     . : "  ,   
   ,   , 
    ,  ,    
   120  ..     
       -
,    \'    
       
  .

          
 ,   , , 
 ; ,  ,    
 ,   ,    .  
,  ,      
;  ,   ...   
...   ,    , 
   ,    
...   ,   " [65], .64--65.

    ,    ""   
   .   , ,  "
       , 
 , ,   " [65], .87. 
  XV  .. ,       ,
   1430--1504  [65], .85.

    :    "" ?  ,  
        , --   
  XVI  .., --   ,   
 .    :    ""
 ""    XVI--XVII ?

        . . :
"   
$M\varepsilon\gamma\acute\alpha\lambda\eta \quad
\Sigma\acute\upsilon\nu\tau\alpha\xi\iota\varsigma$  "
",         
$M\alpha\theta\eta\mu\alpha\tau\iota\kappa\grave\eta$
$\Sigma\acute\upsilon\nu\tau\alpha\xi\iota\varsigma$ (
).   --       -
 $M \varepsilon\gamma\acute\alpha\lambda\eta$ -- "" 
$M\varepsilon\gamma\acute\iota\sigma\tau\eta$ -- "",   
       Al Magisti,  
  Almagestum   " [65], .64.

                       7. .

      ,    ,  
 .   (1473--1543) --   
,   .    . 
.0.7  .0.8.

    ,  "       
,    .    Coppernic,  
    Coppernicus. ,  
,   Copernicus" [65], .90.  ,  
  COPERNIC   ""?       
       ,   .    ""
   "".  ,   
  .  ,     
 ,   . ,  
  ,      ,
 ,       .

    .: " ,    ,
  "De Revolutionibus"     
  ,      
    "Principia",   , , 
 ,        
  ,    , 
" [65], .95.       ,
     , .0.9. 
      , .0.10.

    ,        
 (),      
  .       . 
,      . 
,   -    .   ""
   ,  ,  , 
  .

   ,   --    ,    
   ,  "" 
,     ,  V 
.. "     (1401--1464),
     ,     
  ...  ,   
  ,     
    (.  11 -- .).
,       
 ,         
" [65], .95--96.

      ., << "De Revolutionibus"   
   " [65], .97. . 
:  "     
    ,    
 ...   "De Revolutionibus" .    ,
  ,    --   
>> [571], .197.

       ,  1024
.   : "   , 
        ,  
 $\gamma$ " [395], .109.  ,  XVI  
         
 ,   .     .
,        XVI ,   .
,   .  ,   ., "
      ,  
  ,  ,    
,   ,      , 
  " [65], .103.

           
 ,      ,
   .     .: " 
   ...  
       
 ,      , 
     .  ,  
  ,     - 
 (  ,  
 1201--1274  1394--1449  .. -- .)     
 ,     ,   , 
 ;      (
   27,   -     
),  , ,      
.    ,   
       ,
   $40'$ (    
), -- ,      " [65],
.93.

    .0.11        
 " ".    XVII   
 -- "" , ""   
.    ,  
.   ,    
, -- , ,  , -- 
.  ""    
      , ,
,        
.      ,   ,
.0.12.     .    ,   ,  
   , .  "  ",
" -  "  "  -  ", 
,       
  .      , 
.      
"-"     
,      
, ""    .  ,   
 ,       ,  XVI
.

    ,        , .0.11.
 ,    ?  ,    
,     ""     
, .0.13  .0.14.

      .0.15   1666    , .
.015a,    "".  : "
   :  ,  ,
    " [90], .6.      
"".   ,   XVII    ""
    XVI--XVII ,    ,
 ,    . ,   ""  
 ,   --   , .0.16.  ,
    --     
  .   ,       XVII
,    ,      .
 ,      XIII  [497:1], .34--35.
 "  XIV       
-   1352 .    " [497:1], .35.  . .0.16a.

    .0.17    , 1517 .  
 -- ""  , .0.18.  ,  
      , ,
 ,      
   , . " ", .3.  
    ""      
  , .0.19  .0.20.    
       XIV--XVI ,
  .

      ""      
 ,     , 
  1285  1297  [537], .194, 207.  . .0.21  .0.22.

     ,   ""    
  .    
  = ""  . " ",
.6.

                         8.  .

     (1546--1601) --   , 
     . 
      , 21  1560
,   ,    
.     ,     
  [395], .123.      
      .


       .  .0.23.  .0.24 
  ,       
  .  .0.25     
.   ,     
 --      "" 
 ,   .    ,
      .    
.        ,   
       .

     1569      ,  
,      .  
   , ,     
 6 .      11 . 
        $10''$. 11  1572 
       ,   
 .         
       .   : "
    ,       
  ".       ,
       17 .

    ,   1576        II
         ,
     = " ".   ,
      ,     10.
 ,    .    
  .      
  = " ",   
        .   
 20        
.       ,
    [395], .126.

            
 "  ",   1598 . 
 --     42, 64, 167 .  
194- ,       
      -- 
 .      
      $10''$,   " "
--  $5''$.    3 .   
    ,     , 
      , 
 (!) ,   , .0.24  .0.25. 
1581           
  4 .

       .   
     . <<
  ,  149 , , 
     .    
 ,    1000 ,   
    .    ,  "
 ,     ,  ,  ,
             "...   
   , ,       XVIII
>> [395], .127.

     ,    
     .    
   ,    
.  .0.26  .0.27      
,      1661    (Andreas
Cellarius),  [1058], .20.      
, .0.28.

      .     IV 
   ,      
.  1597        
  ,    .    
     , .0.29.  13  1601  
    24  1601    55 .
      . 
      .        
. .  10.

   " 1671        , 
       . 
     ,  , 
      " [65], .181.
 ,   ,      ,
     . "  
           
    .    
,     ,     ,
 " [65], .127.

   ,   1597--1598    " 
    1000 ,    777
   ,    
,    " [65], .126.

        .   
   $10'$. , --     ,
        $10'$.
,       
     50 ,  , 
        
    $34,6''$,  
 -- $33,2''$.  ,   -
      
 [395], .128--129.

          
      ,  
    .      
 $\varepsilon=23^o 31'5''$,  , ,  $2'$ 
.   ,      
       .  << , 
    ,   (? -- .),  
   19     , , ,
   1/19 , ..   $3'$.  
   : "    
 ,       ".  
...>> [395], .129.

    ,      
   $2'- 3'$.     
      , , 
,      .

     ., "   ,
  ,     
 , ,    , 
  ,     .   ,
     ,   ,
   ,  ,   
 $1'$       $2'$.   ,
 ,  ,       
  .     , , 
 ,      ,  ,
         $1'$
 $2'$.

          ,   
$8'$        "
[65], .128.

   . : "     
   21  ;   
,       , 
 $40''$ " [643], .229.

    ,       
 , .    : "
       
,        . ,
   ,    
       
, , ,    
     ( ),  
,   ,   
      
  ,       
 .

         ,  
      
,     ,    
  .  ,   ,
        
     ().  
        
  ,     
 (,  )      
    " [65], .129.

    ,     . "  
         
        ,  
     
  " [65], .129.

            
        
- ,     .:
" ,      ,   
 ,      
    " [65], .130.    ,
 " "       
!        "", 
 ,   ,   ?   
  , ,   ., "   
   -   " [65],
.129.

     .0.30      1537 .

    9.       
           "  ".

           ,  
     [614], 
  .   . .  .0.31.

      (1919--1991) --   . 
   ,      5 
1991  ( 2  1991   Silver Spring, Md., USA).
<<         
 ...      ,
 ,      .
    APL's Space Department  1957 .  
    ...   
     ...   
       
  ...     Navy's
Transit Satellite Navigation System,     
 60- .         
 50.000 ,       
...       
       ...
.     Ad Hoc Committee on Space
Development    APL's Space Exploration Group  1959
...   70-       
      ... 
  ,        
      " 
"... . ,  ,   
 ,   ,   Bell Telephone
Laboratory...      Allegany Ballistic
Laboratory, Cumberland>>.

            
 "  " [614],   
        .  ,
  ..  [395]    . :
"     ,   
,         ,
  , " [395], .56.    
    ., ..
         : " 
,   , --     ,
, -,      
 !" [395], .56.    ,   ,
           
      .   
  , --  -  -
   , --    
 ,   [1153].

      ,     
   , 
  .     ,
  ,      .
       , 
    .   , 
         ,   
    -     II   ..  
II  ..    , ,   ,  
   ,     
 .      
 .

    1)      , 
   ,   "
"   .

    2)        
  ,     ,
.  , -   
     .  ,
  "",   , 
 -   ,  
  ,  " ".

   3)       137  ..,    ,
     "" .

    4) ,    -   
  .    ,  
  "",       --  
,   II   ..   ,   
 ,   .

    5) .      ,  
 ,     
      . 
  : 138--161  ..  , 
 ,     ,  
.       ,    
   ,       
 .

      ,   ., ,  -  
,  ,    
      
 .

      ,      
     ,   ,
.   --      
 .   ,      
  ..,  .    
   [614]  1977 .  ( 70-  .. 
..      ).
   . -     
,    ,     
      [614].    
    .

   "5:4.      .

    5:5.    -431 . ( ).

    5:6.      
   .

    6:6.     .

    6:7.  .

    6:8.  .

    7:4.       .

    10:5.  .

    11:5.    .

    11:8.     " [614], .3--5.

             [614], .
 . "      
  .       
  .      
,     
, -:     
 .     ,  
  -  ,    
 , ,    
 ,    
  .

   ,      , 
      ...  
     ,    
       ... 
      ,   
,    ,   . 
,      ,   
" [614], .10.

        . .

    << .    , 
   "" (    -- .),  
  ,  .  , 
 ,   ,  .  
     ...   
        
  .    ""  
,         , 
        ,    
,        .   
  ,      . 
       .
 ,        ,
     ,   
.   ,   ,   ,  
"",   .

     ,    ,     
  :  ""    ,
   -  ,     
 ,       .

      ,     
,       :  
    >> [614], .367--368.

             
 .  , . :  " 
      .  
       ...
   , , ,   
  , ,       
       ,    , 
    \'  " [65], .72.

      ,    
.  ,   -
.     --     
 ?   ,  .,  
  ,  "" 
,   .     ,   
  .   , .    
    .    
 , --  ,    
  , --   
      ,  
.,      ?   
,  .   
    ,   , 
    .      --
        
?      , ,    200--300 ,
, ,   \' ?    
      , 
       .

      .     [1365], 
    ,     
  - , .  , 
 .,  ,    , 
   137  ..   . 
. .   [1119], [1120].

    ,   [1119], [1120]  [1182]   
    ,    .
  ,        , 
  ,     
     .    
\'   ,    ,   
.        ,
   .     ,  
, ,       . 
,  ,      ,
     [1182].   
   \'. ,   ,  
   ,   .  
           [1182].

      , ,     
 ,     . .   .
        , 
  . -,    
    ,     . 
    ,   ,    ,  
 .       ,  
 --   .   -  
,   - ,      
  . , -   
.         ,  
    .

                          1.

           
                     

              1. , , .

         .  ,
      ,    ( )
 -,   .  
   ,      .  
    ,   
       
.

         
  .     
     .   
     , 
  .       
 .

        
     .   
    ,    . 
.1.1   $O$.       
         .  
,   -   -- ,   ..,
          .

      ,    
.      
  ,    , 
     .    
        
 .    
        .
,      1  1900 .
        
    ,  .

          . 
,        ,
     .  
       
   $\omega$.  $\omega$  
  .    ,
        .
  $\omega$    $x, y, z$  
.        $A,
B, C$ .     
  -

              
 $M$,       
 .   $M$ ,  ,  
       . 
   ,   ,  
 .

      $M$    
  , ,      
,         
 . ,    -,
     $\omega$.

           "
   "   . [1295].

      (  ), 
 -  ,   
  , , .

     $\omega$   .   
,     .    
     ,  
   ,      ,
   --   .   ,
        
 .       
  ,      -- 
 ,    ,    --
.

    .1.1      $O$, 
  $P$    $N$.    
  ,      
    .1.1  $Q$  $R$.  
       
    --   .

      ,     ,
 , ,  .     
   .       
  :

   1)    ;

   2)       ,  
 ;

   3)    $C$.

    $\omega$       
  $\dot \psi, \dot \theta, \dot \varphi$.  
,        .
   ?  $\dot \psi$ 
  .    , 
 $C$, --     , -  
 $OP$    , .1.2.    
     $\omega = ON$.  ,  
$\omega$  $OC$  .  ,  
 ,  ,   $\omega$  
 $OC$.

    ,  , --   
   , --    .
  $\dot \theta$    
  $OC$  . ,  $\dot \varphi$
      $OC$.  
  $\dot \varphi$   
.      $\dot \psi$  $\dot
\theta$.       
 ,   
    ,     
,       . ,
     .

     , $\omega= \dot \psi + \dot \theta +\dot \varphi$,   "+"
  .    $\dot \psi, \dot
\theta, \dot \varphi$     (  )
       ,
 .  ,   
 .

     1.    $\dot \psi$ 
  .     $OC$   
    $50''$  , .1.2.   
       , 
     .   
    .

     2.    $\dot \theta$ 
  $0,5''$  .

     3.    $\dot \varphi$ --  
          $OC$
  ,      .

     ,   $OP$ --    , 
$\omega$ --    ,   $OC$ --  
,    .    
  $OP$.

        $\dot \psi, \dot \theta, \dot
\varphi$     .   $\omega$
      ,   ""
,     .  .1.2
,    $\omega$,  
.

     ,    , --    -
   $\varepsilon\approx23^o 27'$    $Q$ 
$R$, .1.1.       
      .  $Q$,    
     ,   
.          
  .  $R$ --    ,
.1.1.

      .  
     ,
    .   
       . 
   " ",
.1.1.

         2.    .

         - 
,     
  .      .
 ,   ,  
.

    .1.1    $N$   ,
  $QB$.  ,     
       
.    ,       $O$ -
  .  $Q$ --    .
  $A$    .  
 $NB$,       $A$.  $B$
--      .  $QB =\alpha$
    $A$.   
  .    ,
      $Q$.
,        
  .

      $AB=\delta$   .1.1 
  $A$,     $A$.  
 ,   ,   
,     , -  
  $Q$.    ,  
 ,  .

          ,  
  ,    .

      ,    
,  ,   
.

     ,     $P$ 
  $A$, .1.1.     
 $D$.  $QD$   .1.1  
  $l$,   $AD$ --   $b$. 
      $QD$ ,  
1   70 . ,    
 .

      ,     
,    $b$    . 
      
 .    
     ,   
 $l$  ,   $b$ .
      
    ,  
 ,    .

         
   .     
 ,     
  .    
        
 ,     
    .    ,  
  ,   ,     
  ,    .  
   . ""  
.

    3.      .

          
  .     
,      ,  ,
,    .

      $H$      
$\varphi$. . .1.3  .1.4.   
  $HN'$,      
 $ON$. ,   ,   
$H$,       , 
  , .1.3  .1.4.  
  $HN'$   ,     
 $HK'$,  $OK$,   ${\pi \over 2}$ 
 $HN'$.   $N'HK'$   .  
   :   
,     ( ).   
    .   
   ,     ,  
     ,   
.

           
    .     
 .     ,     
 ,      
  .       , 
 ,      
      .   
      .  
 ,       
  ,  .

          $H$ 
     .    
        
.         
        
,  ,  [614].  ,  
         
   ,     
        .
       ,   
      
  ,   ,   
  ,    .  ,
  ,    .
,   ,   
         
.

           
 , ,  ,  
  .

   1)   , ,  -- 
 ,  .

   2)        
 .

   3)      
,         ,
    .

    ,      
   , --  ,   
   , --     
     .  ,
       , 
,     , ,   
     .

     ,      ,
     ,  , 
   ,    
  ,   .

                4.   .

      ,       
      ,   
         
 .      
 .         
 ,    ,   
.

    , ,     
   ,      
.        
         .
    .

   ,    ,   
.

        --  , 
 .    ,   . 
      . , 
      .   
       ,   --  
..         
.   ,  ,   
 . ,  ,   
 1,    "The Bright Star Catalogue" [1197]
  0,24,   --     
, --      [1197]  
-1,6.   ,   ,   , 
   .

    , ,  ,    ,   ,
   " ".      
,     ..    
  .     
  .     
     ,   
   [1339], ,    , 
, - .

          , ,  ,
    [1197],  
  9000     .
,        6- 
7-  .    ,  
,     6-     .

   ,  "",   ,   
       6- ,   
.     ,    
    " "  
  . .  2.  
,  ,    , 
  ,   , "" 
       [1197].

     XVII  .   
   .    
         
 .     --  $\alpha$, 
  --  $\beta$  ..  , $\alpha$ Leo --  
   .   (1646--1720 )
    ,  ,   
  1,    --  2  ..  
        .  
 : 32 $\alpha$ Leo.  ,    
.   ""   .   
  ,      .
,  32 $\alpha$ Leo    "" (Regulus).

       [1197]   
 .

    1.      1900 ,  
  $\alpha_{1900}$    ,  
.

    2.      ,   
$\delta_{1900}$    ,    .

    3.  .

    4.    .  
    .   -- 
   .   -- 
   .      
   .      
   .     
      , 
 ""       .
-       
         
.   ,      ,  
        
     ().  
        
 .      ,   
  .

     BS4 [1197]  BS5 (),   ,
      .   FK4 [1144] 
FK5 ()     .   , 
       
.   ,       
,       
.

          .  
,    $1''$  ,     
  ,   $o^2$ Eri, $\mu$ Cas,
    $4''$  .

         \'
   2--3     .
          
 .  ,     
 .

          
      
   1900, 1950  2000 .   
     1900 .  
 ,        
    $t$.

           
 ,    . ,
      , , 
,   .

          
     .     .
      --     
     .   
      BS4 [1197]  BS5 ().

          
,  ,      
.      .    
 1.

         "" .  , 
     ,     
       $0,1''$  .  --  
  ,        
 .       
  .   ,    ,
    ,  
  ,      . ,   
      ,   
,       
[1339].    .       
    ,  XVII--XVIII .  
     ,     ,  
    .       
- .   ,     
     ,     "
", -    .

              
, ""   ,   
  . ,    
  .    .

         "" 
  .1.1  1.

          .  
 .1.2  .1.3.   .1.2   
,   .1.3 -       [1197]. 
    ,       BS4 [1197]
,        .  ,
, , ,   .

           .  
,            
   .     
   .


 5.    " ".   $K(t)$.
                     -.

                 5.1.  .

            
    ,    
       .  
" ",    ,    
  .     
.        
  .

           
  .       
     $t$   $\alpha_{1900},
\delta_{1900}$.       
  $l_t, b_t$    $t$.

     ,   
$\alpha_s, \delta_s$      $l_{s_0}, b_{s_0}$  
 $s, s_0$.       
 .  ,   .1.5, 
,    [1222].       ,
 .        
 5.2.       $s_0$  $s$  
 2000  ..    ,  $\theta = s_0 -s$. .
.1.5.

\begin{eqnarray}
\varphi(s, s_0)&=&174^o 52' 27,66'' + 3289,80023'' s_0 + 0,576264''
s_0^2  \nonumber \\
   &-&(870,63478''+ 0,554988'' s_0)\theta + 0,024578''\theta^2 ; \\
k(s,s_0) &=&(47,0036'' - 0,06639'' s_0 + 0,000569''s_0^2)\theta
\nonumber \\
       &+&(-0,03320'' + 0,000569''s_0)\theta^2 +  0,000050''\theta^3; \\
\varepsilon_0(s,s_0)&=& 23^o 26' 21,47'' - 46,81559''s_0  \nonumber \\
        &-& 0,000412'' s_0^2 +  0,00183'' s_0^3; \\
\varepsilon_1(s,s_0)&=&\varepsilon_0(s,s_0)  \nonumber \\
  &+& (0,05130'' - 0,009203''s_0)\theta^2 - 0,007734''\theta^3;
 \nonumber \\
\varepsilon(s,s_0)&=&\varepsilon_0(s,s_0)  + (-46,8156''
- 0,00082''s_0 + 0,005489''s_0^2)\theta  \nonumber \\
&+&(-0,00041'' + 0,005490'' s_0)\theta^2 + 0,001830''\theta^3;
  \nonumber \\
\psi(s,s_0)&=&(5038,7802'' + 0,49254''s_0 - 0,000039''s_0^2)\theta
\nonumber \\
&+&(-1,05331'' - 0,001513''s_0)\theta^2 - 0,001530'' \theta^3;
  \nonumber \\
\chi(s,s_0)&=&(10,5567'' - 1,88692'' s_0 - 0,000144'' s_0^2)\theta
\nonumber \\
&+& (-2,38191'' - 0,001554'' s_0)\theta^2 - 0,001661'' \theta^3;
  \nonumber \\
\Psi(s,s_0)&=&(5029,0946'' + 2,22280'' s_0 + 0,000264'' s_0^2)\theta
\nonumber \\
&+& (1,13157'' + 0,000212'' s_0)\theta^2 + 0,000102''\theta^3.
\end{eqnarray}

    , ,       
      [1222],  , 
     .     $t$
    ,  600   ..
 1900  ..     ,
        [1222], 
     .    [1222],
        ,  
  .

       5.2.      .

         $K(t)$,
  ,   , 
    $t$.   $t$--   
   ,  ,  600  
..  1900  ..   $t$    1900  
   ,  , $t=1$   1800
, $t=10$   900  .., $t=18$   100
 ..  ..    ,  - 
        , ,
,  100  ..        1
 100  ..,     .

      $K(t)$      
   , -- ,  , -- 
  $t$.   $t$     
    . 
  $K(t)$      
  $t$.   ,    
    , , ,
-, , ,  .

   ,    ,   [1197],  
  $\alpha^0=\alpha_{1900}^0$,
$\delta^0=\delta_{1900}^0$.      
  1900  ..    ,  
    1900 .   ,
   .  , ,  
.      $l_t, b_t$,  
 ,     -- 
    --   $t$.   
  .

     1.    $\alpha^0(t), \delta^0(t)$ 
    $t$      1900
.  ,  -   ,   
       
.         
   $v_{\alpha}, v_{\delta}$   
   $\alpha_{1900}, \delta_{1900}$. .  5  6
.4.1   4.     
 

$$
\alpha^0(t)=\alpha_{1900}^0(t) = \alpha^0 - v_{\alpha}\cdot t, \quad
\delta^0(t)=\delta_{1900}^0(t) = \delta^0 - v_{\delta}\cdot t.
$$

   ,    ,   
  ,      
 $\alpha_{1900}, \delta_{1900}$    . 
     - ,   
  ,    $v_{\alpha}, v_{\delta}$ 
  .

        ,   
     . ,  
$\alpha^0(t), \delta^0(t)$    ,   $v_{\alpha}$,
$v_{\delta}$ -  $\frac{}{}\cdot 10^{-2}$.

    2.     $\alpha_{1900}, \delta_{1900}$  
 $l_{1900}, b_{1900}$.     
$l^0(t), b^0(t)$       $t$  
,     1900 .  :

\begin{eqnarray}
\sin b^0(t)&=& -\sin \alpha^0(t) \cos \delta^0(t) \sin \varepsilon^0 +
\sin \delta^0(t)\cos \varepsilon^0, \nonumber\\
\tan l^0(t) &=& \frac{\sin\alpha^0(t) \cos \delta^0(t) \cos \varepsilon^0
+ \sin \delta^0(t)\sin\varepsilon^0}
{\cos \alpha^0(t) \cos \delta^0(t)}, \\
\varepsilon^0 &=& 23^o 27' 8,26'' . \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}

       $\beta^0(t)$  
$\alpha^0(t)$,  $-90^o < b^0(t) < 90^o$  $|l^0(t)-\alpha^0(t)|
\le 90^o$.   $\varepsilon^0$ --     1900 
  1900 . .  (1.5.3),  ,  
 2000  ..  1900  ..,   $s_0=-1$.

    3.      $l_{1900}, b_{1900}$ 
  $l^1, b^1$,    
 1900 .        , 
,      1900  
  $t$,   $\Pi_{1900}$  $\Pi(t)$.

    


\begin{eqnarray}
l^1(t)&=&l^0(t) - \varphi, \nonumber \\
b^1(t)&=&b^0(t), \nonumber  \\
\varphi&=&173^o 57' 38,436'' + 870,0798'' t+ 0,024578'' t^2.
\end{eqnarray}

    $\varphi$     1900  
 $\Pi_{1900}$    $\Pi_{1900}$   $\Pi(t)$
   (1.5.1),   $s_0=-1$  $\theta=-t$.
  $\Pi(s_0)$  .1.5  
 $\Pi_{1900}$.     $\Pi(s)$  .1.5
        $t$.  ,
  $t$     1900  ..  , 
 $\theta=s-s_0$        $s_0$
.      $s_0=-1$,    1900 
..  ($2000-100=1900$),      $\theta=-t$,  
 (1.5.1)  $s=s_0+ \theta$   
  $t$.

    4.      $l^1, b^1$    
$l^2, b^2$.   --  ,   
$\Pi(t)$      $l_t, b_t$  
   .   $l^2, b^2$  
       $\Pi_{1900}$  $\Pi(t)$.
   $l^1, b^1$  $l^2, b^2$   
(1.5.5).    $\varepsilon^0$   
$\varepsilon^1$   $\Pi(t)$  $\Pi_{1900}$:

$$
\varepsilon^1=- 47,0706''t  - 0,033769'' t^2 - 0,000050''t^3.
$$
       (1.5.2)  $s=-1$  $\theta=-t$.

    5. ,      $l^2, b^2$  
    $l_t, b_t$.  
 

$$
l_t=l^2 + \varphi + \Psi, \quad  b_t=b^2,
$$

  $\varphi$     (1.5.6),  $\Psi$     (1.5.4)
   $s_0=-1, \theta=-t$,  

$$
\Psi = -5026,872'' t + 1,1314'' t^2 + 0,0001'' t^3.
$$

        1--5  
.1.6.

      ,   ,   
 ,      
-.      . 
-      
     
    .    
  ,      
 . .  6  7.

      6. .   
                    XV--XVII .

           
  3.      
      .

          $HK'$,  
       , 
  .    $HK'$  , ,  
 .     $HLM$, 
,       
     , .1.7. 
,        
,    -,  
    .     
  , ,     
  .    , 
- XIV--XVI     
    .   
     .   , 
,        
       .

    ,       
    .

      --  ,    
,  , .1.8.   
     ,  
      .  
, ,   360 .   
  ,  ,    
 ,      ,
.1.8.      
,   .1.8  $P$,   
   ,   , 
  .      
     ,   
    .      
     .

           
 .        
  ,      P  
  P.   ,   , 
  ,     . ,
         
  .      
,    .  ,   
    $\varepsilon$    .

       -- ,  .  
   "".  "" - 
.    , --    
  , -   .   ,
 " ",    ,   ,
    .   .    
        .  
  , .,  [395],   
   ,     
.  ,    , , ",  
       
   .     (  --
.)        ,  
    " [614], .151.

      ,    
  :    --   -- 
,  ,  ,   -
   .    
()   .1.9.  .1.10   
  .   .1.11  
"  (    -- .)  ,
 1,17 .      .  
    " [1029], .13. ,  
        
 .  ,   "" ,  
 ..       ,  
       .   
   .1.11a.     
  .  .1.12.

           
,    .     -- 
 ,       
$E_1, E_2$.      , .1.9.    
   $NS$,   .     --
 $O$; $P_1 P_2$ --     .

    , ,        
  .       
 .  .1.13     
  $O'$.  ,      
 .   ,  
- $CO'$,  $C$ -- ,     $NO'$.
 $O'$ --  ,     
       ,
.1.13.

            .
       , 
    .      
,      
.   ,      
     , ,  $NO$ 
   ,   $NO'$,
.1.13.  ,      
$NS$ ,       . 
   ,        
   . ,   
,   ,  ,  ,
      ,   
.  .1.13  ,      
      .   -- 
  .      
  ,  $P_1 P_2$    
      - $P_1$  $P_2$ 
 .  ,    $P_1 O N$. ,
         .

     , ,  ,  
.      ,  
 ,      
  .  ,    
   :

   )   $ON$,   ;

   )  ;

   )       .

      ., " 
   ,      , 
     " [614], .150.
,  .1.13 ,    
    $O'N$ , , 
   .

    ,  $O$ -  ,  $O'$ --  ,
  .1.13, --   .  
   .      
        .  
     ,  $O=O'$,  
  .1.13.

          .
        , 
,        
 ,  ,    $E_1 E_2$
  .   $E_1$  $E_2$   
  .    
.  ,     
 $R_1$  $R_2$,  .    
$E_1$  $E_2$ .  .1.13   $R_1$  $R_2$ 
,    .  ,    
    .  ,   $R_1$ 
.  ,     
      , , .

   ,   ,     
 .      , 
 ,      
 .       
,      
.

          
     --  ,  
   .  ,   ,   
 ,    ,    . 
      ,      
.

        -- , .1.14, .1.14a,
.1.14b.   ,     ,
.1.8,  ,    . 
       , ,  
.          . 
          
.   ,     ,  
  ,    
.         , 
   .

    .1.15       
(Oronce Fine) 1542  [1029], .19.  .1.16   
 ,  39  [1029], .26.  .1.16a 
   .  .1.17   
  1,55 ,   .1.18 --    , 
  [1029], .26.  .1.19     
,      [1029], .67.

     -- , .1.20. 
 --       
,      
.     ,   ,
    , .  
 .        
 ,   .     
     ,   ,
     .   
    .  ,  
  ,      .
 , ,   ,   
 .  ,      
         [614].

    .1.21    1532  (Georg Hartmann, 
).  .1.21a -   XVIII .  .1.21b -
  .  .1.21c  "
" XVII .

    .1.22    
  ,  , 
   (torquetum  turketum).   :
<<"Torquetum"  "turketum" (""  ""
)     , 
    ,  
 ...      
        
,      >> [1029], .17.

   ,   .1.22,  
(1497--1552).  ,  ,   
""       
,        .
        ""
.    ,  
     , 
XV-XVII .

   7.       
                         .

         ,    
        ,
  .        
    ,     
  ,    , 
,   .

       ,    
   .   
,        
.  ,      
"",   ,      
   .      
"  ", .1:6, " XIII--XIV   
   ,  .    
  .   ...    ,   
     1091     
" [1461], .68.      , " 
   --   ,...     
 --  .         
,    " [217], .94.

    .1.23    XVII--XVIII ,
,  ,     . 
     , .1.24.   
  .1.25.

    XIII--XIV   --  ,   
 .     (1546--1601). 
      [954], .36.    
"    ,    
 .      
   ,       
,   ,   ,    
   .      
  ,       
 ...      
 10-20   ,        
,     " [288], .32-33.

       IX       
. , ,   ()     
          [217], .94.
      XIII--XIV , , 
 V.     " ".  
       .
",          ,   
        
.     ,  ,  .
     --     
   " [954], .37.   ,   
" "        .
-,      .

           .  
 ,   ,  ,  
  ,    , ,
.        
.      
.       ,  .
"     .     
     ,  ,
       ,   
:     ,    .." [288],
.30-31.

           
. "      
.      ,   
  ,   ,    
 .      XIII     
       ,  , 
,     .    
,      " [288], .30.
   XII   ,     
,          [1037],
.117--118.

      ,      
   VI  .. [797].      
     .   :  "
XIII        
 " [954], .38.     . 
         . 
 ,     .    
,    .   ,   
       
 .     , 
  ,    , 
       .
"     . 
       " [954],
.38.         91  
1200  [288], .35. "     
.       
       . 
       " [288],
.35.

     " XV   ,      
  .     .    XVI
     ,    3
 4 .    -- , ,  -- 
   " [954], .39.

            
        
.    ?   ,   
          4
.  ,       15 
.        
 . ,     
15  ,      
      . 
    10 , --   
, --       
40   .     
   . ,   
  ,  , " ",  
    .

    ,     ,  
    ,  
    $10'$.   ,
  ,    
  , ,    .., 
           
  .     
   II  .. ,   
,      .

       ,    ,    
- ,    
"" 10  , --    
 , --     
,       
   .

        ,   
, --  ! --        XIII
 .. [544], .4, .267,  .   , ,
,     .   XIV  ..
 ,     ,   
      --    1306 ,
   1344 . ,      -
Horologiu.    XV         
.       
 ,    ,     [544], .4,
.267-268.

       ,  "   
    -- .   XVI    
, ,       , " [954],
.39.         
  1550  .. [288], .36. ,    
   XVIII   ,  1735 .    
 1683--1776  [1029], .139.   -- 
 .    .1.26.

     ,   , 
  1657  [797].  1561     
,  ,     
  -- ,    
 .      
 IV - (1532--1592),  
,       
. .  11. , "   
    ...  
   ,    
     .   
       
  (1552--1632  -- .) ,  ,  , 
   , - ,  , -, 
        
 ,       (
      -- .).  1586  
     121 ,   
,        ,    
" [65], .118.

     ,      ,
       .
,        
,       [65], .118.

   , ,       
  . "   
      ...
    ,    
,      ,  
  .  (-,     
       ,   
  ,       .)
          , 
      , , 
     ,  
        .   
        
    " [65], .177.


                           2.

         

               1.   .

           7-  8-
.       
  ,     [1339],
         (R.Catesby
Taliaferro) [1355]   (Toomer) [1358].  1998 , -,
     [704].

        ,   ,
     .

          .   
 ,        
    60  ..  ,  
    - -    
        I  ..

          
 ,     
 .  ,    ""  - 
    12  ,    .
,       
 ,        .
  ,       
"" (   ,  ,   
 ),  .   "
 "      .
 -  , , , , , ,
, ,  ,  - .    
  .   ,   
      12    30
 ,       .
-         
  1   70 .    ,   
       (30 ).  
 ,  -   
   ,   
   .  , ,    
-   ,     
 . ,  ,    -
        -- 
    ().

    .2.1     -  .
      
.

       -  -    
 .  "$15^o 20'$  "  $45^o 20'$ 
   ,  --    ,
           
 . ,      
     .  . , "$15^o
20'$  "  $225^o 20'$   .  .  .2.1.
         .

            
  ,  ,    ,
   ,   , 
90-  . ,     
   $+66^o 0'$.  ""  "" 
       , .

       ,      
,  ,   
,      .

        ,   
   [1339],      
 .

            .
    .     
   .  --   
   .  , 
     1028.      
     
, ,  , ,    
   [1339].

         ,  
  .     48 . 
   .     ,
   $Informata$,   ,
       . 
  Informata  " , "
(informis),  ", " (informitas).  
,     , , ,
,    ,  ", "
.  ,    ,   
,      "".  , 
      
,  "" .   ,  
     ,    
  .     
.     ,   2.2.

         [1339]   
     . 
   . , , 
       "  
".     [1339]  
     1528   
.      .  ,
     -.  
      .   11.

          [1339]  
 .   ,    
      . 
     , 
,        
 .    
       
    .  ,    
   ,    
-.        
    . ,   
    .     
   .

        
  XVII--XIX .   [1339]  
.     .  [1339] 
  ,     
    .    
     .

           
 -  ,     
.

          .

         ,  "".

     2.       
                            .

       [1339]     " 
".       
   .   
   :  (Peters), 
(Baily),  (Schjellerup),  (Peirce),  (Manitius).
     ,    
      .

          . 
       
  ,      
.      ,  
  .  .2.1   ,
,     . ,  
      ,   
    .    
 ,  .2.1    
    .

         (   
),     ,  
,  XVI  ..  .2.2   
 ,   .  .2.3 
    .    . 
 1515 .        
  1527 .     
    1527      .   
 .2.4.

    .2.5  .2.6     ,  
     1551 .   , 
 ""  ,   ,  II  ..,  
,         
(!) .

    .2.7  .2.8       
 ,   XVIII   ,  .

     ,  .,  
   .   ,    
  :  ,   ..   ,
       , 
     ,  
    .

    .2.9       
  1551 .   .2.10    
 ,    IX .     
, ,  XIII--XIV ,   .2.11. 
.2.12      ,
  ,  1481  [1374]. 
,       XVI--XVII .   
     .    
.

    .2.1     .
  ,  ,   .
,        
     .   ,
  ,        ,
      .  ,  
    ,  --  
,  --    ..

          ,  ,
  .     
        "vocatur", 
 "".  , "vocatur Arcturus"  ",
 ".   12     .2.1 
   .    :  ,
, , , , , ,  = ,
, , , . ,     
    ,     ,  
   .    
    ,      .

     :      ?
    ,     
""    , .2.13.  , " "
   ,      ,
         .
      .   
  ,       
       
. ,      ,
    ,    
    ,       
  .       
, .2.1.   ,     
,    .       
   . .    . 2.13.

          .  
     1--8,   -- 
 ,  , , , , 
, , .    , 
      .

          .   
,      ,    
 .   , , ,
, , , ,  ,    9--15.

         ,     
    , .2.13.  
    , ,  ,
, , ,  ,    16--21.

              
  .    
  ,    , ,
, , , , , , , ,
, ,  ,    22--33.

          , 
 ,   .    
   : , , , ,  ,
 , , , , , , , ,
 ,  ,      34--48.  
   .

      ,     
   ,  
   ,    
     .

         ,     
     ,   
 ,     
, .2.14.

      $$ --   ,   
   . ,  $A$ --  , 
         ,
   .   $A$   ,
    ,    
$Zod A$.

       $B$ --       ,
    ,    .
  $B$  ,    
,     $Zod $.  ,  $D$ -
       ,   
  . ,  $C$ --     
  ,  ,     
.2.14.

        ,      
    ,  
     .

          
  .  ,     
 ,       
 $A$   $B$  ,  ,   
   .   
  .      
 $$,    ,  --   
,   ,   --  . ,
-       . 
       , 
  ,   --    
.

      ,      
,       
     " "
    .

        ,     
     .  ,
  [1339],      
   .     
       ?

        ,  ,  , 
  ,     
 .       
1-  2- ,       
 ,   .    
        
      .  ,  
, --       
 , --      ,  
      .    
   ,    
 .

     ,     
       .  
          
 .      .

        ,   
   .

   ""  ,     
 [1339],         
 .        
  ,       .
      , 
       
   .    ,  
 ,    .  
         
  .

       ,   ,     
      ,  
      .  
  " "  " ".
 ,    -  , 
 " "    , 
      .   ,
 ,     ,  
-- .

   ,         
         
.   ,     
 $(X/T)\cdot 100\%$,   $T$  --   ,  $X$ --
      .

           
 ,   
.    ,   
 , ,    ,  
    ,  
    .

             
.2.2.     9 .

         ,   ,
   .

     ,      
,   . ,     
 ,    
$, Zod A, , Zod B, , D, ,$  .2.14.

        .

     --    .

           
"" ,      .

           
     .

      --      
.

     --     .

     --     .  
,   ,  6  7 -- ,    9
 .  .2.2   48 ,  
.

   3.       ,
              
                      .

     .2.2    .

     1.   ,     2,  
  :

--  $A$:  1--8  24--29;

--  $B$:  16--23  30--33;

--  $Zod A$,    $A$:  24--29;

--  $Zod $,    $B$:
 22, 23, 30--33;

--  $D$:  34--38, 47, 48;

--  $C$:  39--46;

--  $$:  9--15.

     2.   ,    ,
 .  " "   
 :    -- 1 ,  -- 1 ,
 -- 1 ,  -- 2 ,  -- 5 ,  -- 6
,  -- 5 ,  -- 3 ,  -- 4 .  
 9  22 .

        .   :
38\%        
, 50\% --   , 33,3\% --   , 36,4\%
-   , 57\% --   , 75\% --  
, 37,5\% --   , 16,6\% --   , 44,4\% -- 
 , 66,7\% --   , 100\% --  
 ,    .

    ,       
    .   , -- 
, ,    , --   
  ,     " ".
     .   
    .  ,  - 
   ,      
 . ,     
  . ,    .2.2, 
 ,       
 ,    , "" .

          
  . , ,    ,
       , 
Informata.     ,    
 "" .

        .2.2   :  
   ""     
     .    
,     .    
 ""      .

           
  .2.2  .2.15   .

     ,      
 ,    .    
      "" ,   
.    --     
   .      
 ,   . , ,
 , ""  .  
  .2.15  .

        ,  
.2.16,     -.    
  .    --  0\%  5\%  
.   --  6\%  10\%,   --  11\% 
20\%,   --  21\%  30\%,   --  31\% 
100\%.

     ,  "" ,     
.      ,     
 $C$,      ,   .
 --      .2.16. , 
 $A$   .  --   .
 $B$,    $$,  ,   $A$.   -
  .   .2.16   ,  
   .  --    ,  
 ,   .   
     ,    
""  ,       .2.16.
   ,   " "   
     .

          
        , 
 .         
,         .  
  .2.3.

     3.   $A$      $$,
$C, D$  $$,  , 6,3\%    
 ""   12,6\% --    
.

    4.   $B$      $A$, 
, 19,6\%      ""
  19\% -    .

    5.   $$,    ,  
   $A$  $B$,  ,  10,5\% 
    ""   10,3\% -- 
  .

    6.  $C$  $D$     , 
,  $D$  27,4\%    
""   36,9\% --   
.   $C$    
 52,9\%  ""   53,6\% --   
.

    7.        $Zod A$. 
,      .  -- : ,
, , , , .     6,2\% 
   "" .

   8.   $Zod B$   ,  $Zod A$.
   11,6\%     ""
.   $Zod B$    , ,
, ,   .

         .2.3, 
   .2.14,     
  ,  ,    .  
.2.14   --  0\%  10\%,   --  10\% 
20\%,   --  20\%  30\%    --  30\% 
100\%.

         .  .2.17. 
    48  .  
 ,    : $, , Zod
A, Zod B,  - Zod A (  A  ZodA),  - Zod B, , D, .$ 
       ""
.         .2.17
   --   
   .  ,  .2.17  , 
   " $A$",    $, Zod A,  - Zod
A.$     .  " $B$" 
   .2.17,      
 .  ,       .

         .2.18,   
   .2.3,     
     ""  .
,        .2.17 
    100\%.

     9.   .

          
      .   , 
  .2.14       $, , , D, ,
Zod A, Zod B,$     .

     10.   .

   1)      
         $A$,
   .     
    .

   2)    -      
 $C$  $D$.     
      ,     
  .     
,  , . ,   
      
  .

   3)      12  
   "".  " " 
 ,    $A$     
 .   : , , ,
, , , ,  (), . ""
 :  --   $D$,  () -- 
 $B$     ,  --  
 .     " "  
.

   .       
""     .    
, --  ,      
, . .6  [1339], --      [1339]  
  ,    
  .    
    :  "
  $20^o 10'$,  $15^o 10'$ (   --
   5 ! -- .).     
$16^o 15'.$    $16^o 0',$    ,
  ,   ,    
 .  ,    $16^o 0'$  .
, ,  (!? - .),    
" [1339], .104. ,     
     .

    ,       "
"     : , ,
, , , ,  (), .

           4.     
                  .

             ,
      . 
       
,      .    
      
 ,       
,          
.

     ,         
    , .2.19. 
 ,       . 
    ,    ,
    .

     .2.20    ,  
      
 .  ,    $A$, ,
    .       
 ,    .   
  .  ,    .2.20,
,    $O$   , ,
  $A$    $OB$.    
    $A$   $OA'.$  ,
  .

        ,      
     "" .   
  ,     
.      ,
   ,  , 
   $\zeta$ ,    
         ,
  ,  ,  $\zeta < 70^o $,
 

$$
 \rho=60'' \frac {B}{760}\cdot \frac {273^o}{273^o +t^o} \cdot \tan\zeta.
$$

    $\zeta$ --  , $B$ --   
       ,  
$0^o$, ; $t^o$ --     
     .   
,    ,   ,
 $\tan\zeta$.    , --  
    , --   $\tan\zeta$
    .

          $\tan\zeta$
 , ,    \'  
 . ,     
,   ,     , , 
     .

             3, 
,     $C$  $D$   
     ,    $A$ 
$B$.   ,     
 , ,    ,  
    ,   
      . ,    [65],
.129,      " ".

     5.      .

      .2.2       
 .   ,     
 ,  ,   22  48 
.         
 ?       .    
    .   .

   .     ,  
  .

    ,   --   
    .

     ,       , 
  .       
  "" ,       
.      -
  ..    ,  ""  
  .    
   ,      
    .  , ,
 ,   , --   
""    , --     
 " ",  , ,    
,       
.    .     ,  , -
, ,    , -- 
   ,   ,  .
  ,       
        .

       ,    
  .

          ,
  .     
,      .   ,
  $c=(a/b)\cdot 100\%$,  $a$ --   
, $b$ --        .
 ,     ,  $c=0$. 
       , 
  .        $,
, $  ..  ,      
       
  --  ,    
 ,   .    , 
    .

        .2.21. 
   ,    .2.17.  , 
    ,  
   , .2.17.   
     .     
   .

     .2.21   .

    1.  " "   
       
     .

           .  
        
, --         , --
  , ""    .

       ,    .2.21,   
    $Zod A.$    $A$.  ,
 $A$    ,   $B$.   
       $$.   $A$
 $B$   ,   $$.

           $C$   .
  $D$,     , 
     (  
10,2\%),       , .2.17.
   .   $C$  $D$   
  ,  ,   
,    ,   
   .      $C$  $D$
          
  .

      ,  .2.17  .2.21   
.

     2.      
       " ".
       " ",
   .        
   .    ,  
 ,      .   
 ,     ,
"" .

            
  .2.4  6,     
.       .

    6.       
          .  26  
                   .

        [1339]   IX,  
   ,     
 .     26  ""
 .  IX  [1339]    .
      .  
      11  .

   :

Paris 2389; Paris 2390; Paris 2391; Paris 2394; Venice 302; Venice 303;
Venice 310; Venice 311; Venice 312; Venice 313; Vatican 1594; Vatican
1038; Vat. Reg. 90; Laurentian 1; Laurentian 47; Laurentian 48; Bodleian
3374; Vienna 14.

    :

Laurentian 6; Laurentian 45; Vienna 24; British Museum Sloane 2795.

    :

British Museum 7475; British Museum Reg. 16; Bodleian 369; Laurentian 156.

      IX   [1339]   26  ,
   .   
      ,   
    (  ), 
 .     
 --      .

        . ',  ,   
 ,        ,  
.  ,       
   ( ),   .

     . , ,  $16^o 10'$
    4 ,   $16^o 20'$ 
7 .     ,   $16^o 10'$  
     4,   $16^o 20'$ -- 
 7. , ,       
,   .   ,    
 26       ,
  .      "
",  ,       . 
        ,   
 , .        
, --      ,  , --
  7+4=11.

        .   
 .  ,   , 
 ,      ,  
    ,   .
        
.  ,    
  . ,     "" 
 ,    ,    , 
   "".

    IX  [1339]  ,     
        
.

      , ,   
IX  [1339],     , 
      
. ,    - 
         . 
 ,   ,   
.        .
,     ,  
    .    . 
      .
,  ,    
       ,
  ,    ,  
.        
 " ",    
 .

          ,     ,
   ,    . 
,      ,  ,
   ,  .  , 
,        
 : )   ; ) 
  ,   .   
,   ?  ,    
    ?

   1)    ,  , 
 .

   2)    ,  , 
    ,  
         ( ).
   --  .

      , ,       
,    "".     
  .   ,    
    ,    IX  [1339] 
   .2.4.     .
      48 .

        ,   ,   
  .

        .    
    .

            
.   0,   .   
 ( )        
,   .

              
       .

      --       
,  ,   ,  , 
     .

      --       
   ,   .

      --       
,    ,   ,   
.

      .     
.2.21,      5. '  
       
.

       4  5 .  
,     ,     
 .      .
,    --    
  .       ,
 .

         6  7.   
'       
. ,       
  .       ,
     .   
.  ,        
  ,     .    , 
     .   
      
.

 7.       .
               .
                  .

    ,     .2.4,   
         "
"   .       
  .2.4   : $, , $  ..,   
,    .     .2.5.
       .2.21,  
      .

          .2.5.   
  ,   .    --
   ,    .  
  ,   .2.22.   
   ,    
, .2.17.    --      
.

      .2.5  .2.22   .

    1.        
    .

      ,  ,    ,
    . ,    
        
  .  ,    
   .      .2.22.

    2.       
         
     ,   
  .

         
    : .2.6, .2.7, .2.8,
.2.9.  .2.6    
     .  
    ,   
 :  $, ,  - Zod A,  - ZodB, Zod A, Zod B, , D,
.$   ,       
  .

       : "+"  "--", 
    "+="  "--=".      .
, ,   ,   $A$.
    $$     $B$.
   ,     
 ,    "+". ,    $A$
 ,    ,    $A$  $Zod
A$.  ,       "+=". 
 ,   "--",   ,  
, --  "--=".

      ,   .2.6,       
 ,         
   . .2.6    
       
 .

          .  .2.7
      
.  .2.8    
       .   
    .  ,  
        ,  
   .    , 
        , 
     
        
.2.9.

   .2.6 -- .2.9  ,    
    .  ,   4
    :

   1)        
;

   2)       ;

   3)    ,  ;

   4)    ,  .

      ,       
   ,      
  .

      ,        26
      
  .     ,    
   ,  ,   
         .
 ,     ,    
      
.       
    .

           
      ,
      .  
  ,   
     .    
 ,     
  .  ,  ,  
    ,    
,   ,    .
 ,  --  " " .
,       , 
 , ""    .  
     ,  ,  ,
         
.

     ,   ,  ,
    26     
       
 ,   "" .
     ,  ,
"".        
    .   ,  
 ,    ,   "", 
 ""?   ,  ""  ""
           
. ,   ,     
     .

        .2.23,    
    .   
   .

      8.        .

   8.1.    ,    
    - . ,      
                         .

             
  . ,   ,  
 .  .  . 
  ,    
  ""  .    
, <<   " ".   
   .  ,  ,
  ,  - .     
      ,    
.     ,     
  . ,     , 
  .     , 
   .   , ,  
 >> [614], .165.

     , ,    
,  ,   .   ,
     ,   
 .  --      
.      ,   
,    .     
,          
   .  ,  
     ,  ,
,       .
   ""  
 ,      .

              . 
 1   ,     
    ,    
,  .

    ,  , , ,  
   ,      
.    , ,     
,       
    ,  ,   
    . ,  
   ,     .
      .    
     .    ,
-    ., --   
       
    [614], .151.

       ,      
  ,     .  
, --   , -- . ,  
 . [614], .215,    [1339], 
""-     1  4.   , 
 1   $\alpha$.     
       $\Delta$.   4  
 $\Delta$.     .

          .   
      ,
      [1339].   .,
<<   ,   
,     , 
 .        
"" ( -- .), , ,   
     >> [614], .216.

             
    ,  
.     IX   [614].  
  ,  .,  
    .

   . : "    , 
,      " [614], .253.
 :  ",   ,    
  (,      )"
[614], .249.    .,   
 --   ,  
   ,  -  
. , .    
     , , 
     ,  
. ,  --    
.

       .    
. :  "    
 ...    " [614], .249. 
:  "    ,   , 
    " [614], .250.

     ,     --
     ,   .  
, ,         137
 ..        
        .
        ,
   ( )  ""
.    .,  ,  
  ,   - .   
 ,       
   :  "  .  
       40 " [614],
.249.

       (  ) 
  --   "" 
""       .
,       ,   ,
 ,   .    ,
       ,   
,         
.    .: "    
    ,     
   " [614], .251.

             
     , .    
   [614], .246--247.  , - 
      .
,        
 --     ,  , 
,       .  ,
, ..,     "
",  ,     .    
   -      
   ,   .

         .: "  
   (    -- .). 
      
 ,   ,    
   ,       
    " [614], .246--247.

     8.2.  ,     
          .
         "" 
                      .

          
     .   
     .  
, --     , --   
 ,  ,   50      
  70 .        
   .  ,  
"",   , , 
  1538  ..      
.

   ,    ""  , 
       
   ,  ,   
.      ,     
       
 .   ,   
       .
,  ,       
        
.

      .   ,   
XVI--XVII      ,   
.  , ,  "" 
    1681 : S. de Lubienietski,
Historia universalis omnium Cometarum [1257].    
,     XVII .      
  1680 .   -- . --   
 XVII ,   300    .  -- 
      .  , 
      ,  
 $\gamma$ , .2.24.  " ",  
   ,     "" --
Aequator.        ,
    ,       ,
    , .2.24.    
        .
  ,        
 ,    .       ,
.2.25  .2.26.

    ,   ,  ,  
  7       
 1538 . ., ,      
[544], .4, .233--234,    [543],   .26--27.

        "" 
,        
     .   
,        
 --   .  ,      
  V   ..!     ,  
 .., "    
    ,    " [544], .4,
.233.        !

         ,   
     " ", ,
,       
  .

        ,   --  
XV--XVII  ..       
   .       
.       , 
-  .  , , 
    .     
    ,   
,   $\gamma$     $6^o 40'$.

      --  .    
--  ,  .  , --
 ! -     $\gamma$ .
  ! ,    .  
 $\gamma$         
[1076].     :  -- 0  0 ,
 -- 7  20 .  .  [544], .4, .224, 227.   ,
""     " ", 
      .   .
,     XV--XVI  (1473--1543).

    ,    ,  ,  
    .

           
XVI--XVII     .    
   .  .  
     ..  ,  
    ,   
 ,    ..     
,    .

     ,     ,  
        ,
,     . 
,       
.  ,    , .  
,       .   
 -   .   ,
         
  ,   . , $\gamma$ .

      ,       
  ,     -  
,        .
       .    , 
   ,   ,      
     .    
,  ,       
 , "" , , ,  
   .    --   
  ,    - 
.        
 --  ,    .  .  [544],
[614].

  9.   ,    
    ,   " "   "
     "      .

          ,   
,        
.        
 . ,  ,     
-    ,   
  .   ,  --  ,
      .    
     .., -  
  .       
.    ,   [1358].

            I :  "
     (? -- .)... 
     ,    360
 (),        ,
    ( ? -- .)...  
      , 
       (?! -- .)" [1358], .61-62.

    , ,    , 
 ,   ,  .  
    :  " ", "
 ,    ", "  
". - --     ?

       ,  ,   
 , ,      , 
-,   , , -
      ,   
    ..

     , ,    :  " 
[] ,      
  " [1358], .328.    , 
   ,   
 ,       
    .   
  138--161  ..      
  .  -,  ""  
?  ,   ,   
 ,   .   -- "    
 ". ,   " "?
-,   " "  ..    
    ,     
  .   - XVI--XVII 
     ,    -
     .

     , ,     
 .    ,  -,
  ,  ,    
 ,       ..
     .    :

     "      (  
 -- .),    ,   ,
   .      
     ,     
 (   )" [1358], .339.

         , 
     ,   -
   .   -
    ,     :
" ,      ,   
 ,      ,  
 " [1358], .340.   ,
  . "",    ,   
  .   ,  
     ,     
   .  -    :
"     -  -".  , 
 ""-     
:  "     ,  
 (  -- .)    " [1358],
.340.

            ,    
  .      :
-      
 .  ,      
.    ,      
       
--      .  , 
       !
      :  "  
 ,    (    ,
    -- .)   
    .      
         1  
 ,          
         " [1358],
.340.

   ,    ,   
      , -- ""
, --    , -- "" . 
- , ,  ,  ,
     .   
  "  "    XVI--XVII  ..
 ,     ,    
,      , 
,      
.        [1358],
.405.

   -,      
    .   
      .  ,
, ,   ,   
  Revolutionibus Orbium Caelestium, vol.6, 
   $\gamma$ ,      
,   ,   27 .

    ,   ,   ,  
  ,  " "   , 
 ,    XVII  [614], .328.     .
 10.       --     
   ,   .
    XVI ,    XVII ,   ?

   10.        ?

        ,      
      .   
  --        
  ?  ,     
   .    
 .

    ,          
         .
  .

    : "      
      ,  
      .  
,        
   ,   , 
..." (II:7) [704], .45.

         -  ,   
 . ,   ,   
     ,   
. "     ( -- .)  
,       . 
    ,    
 ,   ,      
" (VII:4) [1358], .340.

            
-   ,    
 -.  ,    
    ,   -
    .    
   -  , 
 12.    ,      
   .

     ,       
      , 
30 ,  ,   -  .
   ,   ,   
   .

     .      
,   : Gem $0^o 10'$.   
  , ,    ,
  $0^o 10'$   ,  60 .  
,   - Gem    
  .     $60^o 10'$.  
       
   ,    
       .

      -     
  .      ,
 ,      
   .  ,   ,
  ,     -
 ,   -,     
  --    , , -
   .     , ,
     .   
     .

       ,     
        
.  : "      
     (    
      ),   
      .  ,
   ,  ,      ( 
! -- .)...      (  -- .)
          (
 -- .),      :
        ,   
       ( ),   
     " [1358], .405.

    ,      
       .  
    ,    
        .

      ,      
,         
   ,    .   
        . 
,  ,       
     .

      ,   ""   
      .     
     .  .   .

         .   
,       
   ,  , 
       .  
       , 
 -- $17^o 40'$  .   ,   
        .   
, ,       ,
      -- .   
 ,   ,      
  (!) ,  , $27^o$  .   
    ,     
      ?

       ,    
,          
,       ,
        . 
,        
  40 .    ,  
   ,  $17^o 40'$.

             
,  . [614].  ,   
, , , ,   
  - , ,    
       40 . 
    ,   , 
 .

     ,     ,  
   , , ,   
   .      
  ,    ,
 ,   ,  
  --  .    
 .       
   ,   
 .  :  , ,
      ..      
" "   .

    ,        ,
 ,  ,  .  
,        
 .    " "  
   ,    .  ,   
   ,     . 
     [395], .127, , 
   .  :  << 
 ,  149 , ,   
   .       ,
   1000 ,      
 .    ,  "  , 
   ,  ,  ,     
        ".   ,   
    ,     .  
    , ,     
 XVIII >> [395], .127.

           
XVI--XVII .

   ,    ,   
   ,   ,   .  
,         -- 
   .    
"-" ,    . , 
  " "   .  
"" ,  ,    
    ,   " " .  
      ,  
  "" .

    ,    .    
     , 
""        
- ,   ,   .  
   ,   
.  ,  ,   
     ,  .
   ,   . ,    
   .     
    , --    
 , --  .    ,  
  , , ,   ,  
- ""   ,    
    .

       -  XVI--XVII     
   "",     
.   -       
    ,  "  ".
,   ..   ,   
  .       
     .     :  " 
  -   ".

     ,      
            
 .  -,     "
"    II  ..   "" 
"-" . ,  , ,
    , --      
, --  -     -  
,  ,       .

           11.     .

           
.         
     ,  
  " ".    .  
[1339]       
   .     
     100  ..,  , 
   .    
     $\Delta_i=B_i-b_i$. 
$B_i$ --    $i-$ ,   , 
$b_i$ --     100  ..,  .
 ,  $\Delta_i$  " " 
  $i-$   ,  
  100  ..     
10-         
     ,   
.      , 
, .

      ,  ,    
   .    
  .    
     . ,  ,
  .2.27.       
 $20'$.    ,  
,   ,    .2.27.
     .

           
   .   ,  
       
.

      ,    [1339]   
   .  ,  ,  
     .  ,  
     .   
         
       
,  .  ,   
    .  ,  
 ,        
.

    .   ,     
 [1339].      
10-    ,   .2.28.
        
 . ,     
,      .   
    .    ,  
  .  ,   
  ""    
    ,  
. [614]. .   8.    ,  
     . 
       
 .         ,
      -
 , , XVI--XVII .   
  .


                          3.
         .  .
                 .

       1.      
                  .

  1.1.       .

      1       
" ".   ,       
  ,   
     $t_A$,  
$\{K(t)\}$   .    
 ,    ,   
  $t$.       $t_A$,  
   .     
    .   
         
$K(t)$,  ,       $t_A$
  $t^*$,      
$K(t^*)$   .

         , , 
 "    $K(t)$"    $t$. 
          $K(t)$
    .      $t$  
   ,    
.    ,     
      ,  
      $K(t)$.

           .  
    .  ,  
 ""       
 $t$,  ,   $t$ --    
.        
     $t$.     , 
        .
,         
$K(t)$,      
    ,   [1339].  
     .   [1040],
[1339],   $t=18,4,$    60  ..,    
-    ,      $t$
    $49,8''$   --  
.

          
 , --    
, --      .    
,        
  .      ,   3--5.  
     .   
   .

   1.2.      
                     .

         , ,
 [1339],  .  ,  
   $1''$  .   :

$\alpha$ Cent (969) -- $4,08''$  ,

$o^2$ Eri (779) -- $3,68''$  ,

$\alpha$ Boo (110) =   -- $2,28''$  ,

$\tau$ Cet (723) -- $1,92''$  ,

$\alpha$ CMa (818) =  -- $1,33''$  ,

$\gamma$ Ser (265) -- $1,32''$  ,

$\iota$ Per (196) -- $1,27''$  ,

$\alpha$ CMi (848) =  -- $1,25''$  ,

$\eta$ Cas (180) -- $1,22''$  .

        ,  
 [1339].       
   .       
   , .3.1, .3.2, .3.3, .3.4, .3.5,
.3.6, .3.7, .3.8.   $\alpha$ Cent   
,           
   8 .   .3.4,   779 
,     778  780  
    1332, 1362, 1363   [1197]. ,
  .

             
  .      ,
  .       
   .  ,  ,  [1339],
        , 
      .

          $t$   
  ,     $K(t)$ 
       $t$,   
,   .   
    .

       $K(t)$    
    $t$.  ,      
       $K(t)$ 
  $t$.        
     $t$.  ,   
  ,    
     $t$.     .3.1
-- .3.8. ,        
    , ,  ,
  .       
.

          $t$   
         
 ?

     ,       . 
     $t_1, t_2,\dots,t_8$.  
,    $t_i \quad (1 \le i \le 8)$,   
  ,        
 $t^*$,        ,  
      $t^*$.

    ,   .   ,  $t_i$ 
    $-70 \le t \le 30$,    1000
  ..   9000  ..!    .  
   .3.1.   
    $t_i$   .
  ,        
  ,  , .

            
       ,  
 .        
     ,  .  
,       
.  , -   .  
     .  , 
        ,  
  .      
  .

         
          
130   ..,       [1339] ( 
   "" ).    ,
    ,  " "  ,
    ,   , .3.4 --
.3.8.        ,
      ,   
     $t_i$  
     .    , 
       
   .    -- , ,
 --       $10'$,   
   , .3.1, .3.2, .3.3.

    1.3.      
                     .

          :  ,
  ,  ,     
  ,    ?   
         
   ,    ,    
  .    "" 
   ,     
.    ?

           
    ,     
  ,  ,     
.   ,  , ,  
 $o^2$ Eri     $5'$,   
--   $40'$.       [273]
..  ...     
   ,  ,      9
 .        
 -- 50   .. . .3.1.    
 --  ,      . 
   .  ,  ,   
  ..  ..   [273] 
 .

           . :  
 ,        
 , --        
: , , , --     ,
  --     ?     
  $o^2$ Eri   -  . 
   $5'$!  ,    , 
 ,   4,5,     .  
  .   ,   , 
, , , ,     
" "     , ,   ,
    .      
      ,     
 .       
  .     
    .  ., , [968].     
 $o^2$ Eri   .      
  ,     ,  .

    ,   $o^2$ Eri    
779  ,       "
".     .3.4  ,  ,
 .  , ,   779  
  $o^2$ Eri?   ,     
   ,     $o^2$ Eri  
 779    . , , 
 $o^2$ Eri    778.     
  $o^2$ Eri , , ,  
         
 ,     !

    ,    ,     1000  
..,    $o^2$ Eri    778  , 
    "" ,   
   $o^2$ Eri   778    1000
  .., " "     .
,       $o^2$ Eri
      ,   
.     .3.4.  , , 
   1500  ..,    XVI ,   
  $o^2$ Eri    780 . 
      " ",
.3.4.  ,     , , 
:  "",       "  ".

   ,       
,        , 
--     .

         $o^2$ Eri,     
          
.        . 
   ,   8 , -- 
,    --     
600 ,  ,  400  ..   1000  .. .  .3.1.
 ,   ,     , -
, 900  ..   , --    
         
.        \'
,        
.

       ,      
       - 
,     ,  
 ,     
  .

     ,  .

     1.        
 ,  ,     
       
.       .

     2.         
       ,
.3.1 -- .3.8.      ,
    . ,  
 $2''$  ,   100    $3,3'$.  ,
          
- 300 ,    ,   
      $10'$.   ,
       [1339].

     ,       $20'$,  
 .        1200
.  ,       
   .    
,   5  6.

      2.      
           
                           .

   2.1.        .

    1  ,     
 $K(t)$       
    $t^*$,     
$K(t^*)$   .    
$t^*=t^*_i$       .  
     .  , 
       .

      ,       8
,   ,     
 $\{t^*_i\}$,     
   .   ,    
   500 .       
       $t_A$.  
,  ,      
 $t_A$    .

         ? ,   
        
    .   , -
       
, --  ,   .   
 ,  \'      
   ,      
 .

      ,    
     $K(t)$.

   1) ,   .    
 $0,5''$         
$\alpha_{1900}, \delta_{1900}$   1900  .. . .1.1.

   2) ""   ,  , , 
   . . .1.2.

    ,         
. -,       . ,
-,   ,  ,   
. , ,  .  ,  
     .  -,  
     ,     
  .    , 
       ,  
.  ,    .

          
  $0 \le t \le 30$,  ,  1100   .. 
1900  .. ,   $t$   , 
   1900  .. ,  .

   2.2.  " "    
                          .

         ,
  .1.1,  .1.2.   
  , ,  [1339],   .
    80 .  
         
 ,       1   
 .

   ,       $t$  
        
$t$     .   
     .    ,
     ,    
 $t$.      $t$  
  ,   -
   ,   .   , 
   $t$,  ""    $i$  
 .       ,
         . 
  -    ,   
,  .     [1339].
        
.  ,    ,   
  ,     -- 
,    .    
  .      
.

      $t^*=t_i$    
.    $t^*$     1
    .    $t$ 
 $t^*$   ,     ,  
     ""  
 .

           i 
  ,   $[t^*_1,
t^*_2]=[t_{i1}, t_{i2}]$,      
$30'$.   ,  ,  . 
,    $t^*$     
     $30'$. 
   $t^*$. . .3.9.

     $30'$       
       , 
        
.  ,  ,    
       $40'$, -- 
   [1339], [614], --    
         $30'$.  
         
    .    
 ,      
    .

       ,   "
",   .3.10.      $t=0,$
   1900  ..  $t=30$,    1100   ..  
   ,  ""  
  $t_i$.   ,    
" ", --   ,    -- 
   $10'$  $20'$. . .3.9.   ,
    $10'$,   .3.10  
.   ,      , 
.

        ,    
,        .3.10. 
,   :

   1)    ,     
      $30'$.

   2)        $0 \le t \le 30$ 
   .

   3)      .

        , -, 
 ,    $30'$.  ,  
      1100   ..   1900 
..     .     
.

          , . [1339], [1024], 
 30-      
 $0 \le t \le 30$.     35, 36, 163, 197, 222,
316, 318, 375, 768.

          .  ,
        $0 \le t \le
30$       .3.10.

           
,   .     
  , ,  [1339],  
 ,     ,   . 
 .3.12,   ,   
$t=18$,       100-
 ..

   2.3.     ,  
              ,  .

     .3.10  ,       $t$,
      "
".      $t$,   
,      $30'$.     
.3.10 , , .   
 .   ,    
.  --     $t$   
     . ,
    $t \approx 12$,    700  ..,
     $60'$,    1 .  
      
      $t=12$.

       $t=12$,   700  ..,   
         
.   ,     "
"  .3.10       1 .
  ,        
  .      
    .  ,    
        
  $t=12$,      (
)      --  2 .
       
 " "     
500   ..   , .3.10.     
, ,  .    ,  
 -     .

    ,   700  ..    
.     , --   
   , --    
 .  ,       
     .

  2.4.     ,  
               ,   .

          
         
 .    ,    
       
   ,   .  ,  
,    ,     
, .3.11.       ,
--   , , --    .
-,  ,       .
., , [1339],    2  .  -, 
    ,       
  $K(t)$  , .  1.  , 
    , , ,
         
 , .  1.

  .3.12    
   ,     
 .       ,
   $0 \le t \le 30$,    1100 
 ..   1900  ..      , 
 30-      
 $0 \le t \le 30$, :  1, 35, 36, 78, 111, 149, 163,
189, 222, 234, 287, 288, 315, 316, 318, 349, 375, 393, 410, 411, 424, 467,
469, 510, 713, 733, 760, 761, 768, 812, 818.

     .3.12  .3.10 ,  
      
,      ,   ,
  .    .3.12   
  ,   .3.10.

           .3.12, 
    ($935 = 2g$ Cent  $940 = 5 \theta$ Cent), 
    $t=12$,    700  .., 
  $40'$,  .  ,  $60'$  
,     .  ,    
  700  .. ,   ,    
      .  
        .

    ,   ,       
   , ,   
  ,    
     .    $4
\le t \le 20$,    100   ..  1500  ..  
         .


   3.       
              .

     3.1.      
                      " ".

      1  2      ,
    ,     
     .     
   ,   
  ,   .    
,     ,  
  ,   ,  "
 "   .

    ,       , 
  .    .  
     "",   
    ,      
       
.        
   ,    .

         , --  
     , --    
      .

            
     [1144], [1197]. 
       
     --    
,    .   
   [1339],     .

     3.2.       .

     -     
       ,  
.        
         
 ,     ,    . 
     ,   
 , --  ,   .., -- 
       .
,      ,   
  .     45 .     
, , , , , ,  = ,
, , . ,      
    .  ,
     ,  
 ,   .

            
  :

$$
\overline{\Delta_i}(t)=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{j=1}^N |\rho_{real}(S_i, O_j, t)-
\rho_{Alm}(S_i, O_j)|.
$$

   $N$ --   , $\rho_{real}(S_i, O_j, t)$ -- 
    $S_i$  $j$-  
$O_j$      $t$. , $\rho_{Alm}(S_i, O_j)$ -- 
    $S_i$   $O_j$  .
  $t_i$,   $\overline{\Delta_i}(t)$ 
,       .
        
   $t_i$    
\' ,    ,    ,
     $t_A$  . 
,     .

    3.3.      .

         $\overline{\Delta_i}(t)$ 
   ,    , 
,   :  --   222,  -- 110,
 =  -- 288,  -- 488,  -- 469,  -- 818,
 -- 848,  -- 189.

           
""   ,   .  
,         
.        
  .

     .3.13      
  $\overline{\Delta_i}(t)$    $t$ .   
     .  ,  
    \'   1100   ..
 1900  ..  . .3.13, .    .

          3.4.   .

     ,         
       .   
 ,  ,     
,         , 
     ,   
,      .. 
       
     , -  
     .

     5        
         
.

     4.      
             .

   4.1.       ,   
                .

          
,     .

             
 ,    .. 
.. [273], [274],     
      
 .  ,    [273], . 
        
      $\pm 100$ . , 
 13  ..  $\pm 100$ .

       [274] , ,  
    : "  , 
,     ,  , .
,    ,    
 .      
   ( 2--4 ),    ,
,       ,  
 :   " [274], .189--190.

           [273], [274]   
.      .. 
..,     [274],  
        [273]. , 
   [273]  [274]  1987  1989  .. 
       .     
         
.     [273]  [274]  ,  
..      [3]:2, .99--103.  ,
   ..   .     
,        
    .  ,   , 
  .  ,   ,  ,
 .., . .   .

        ,    [273],
[274],         
 ,   . 
 ,       
     --    
 .   ,   [273], [274],
  ""  . , "
", " $\tau$ Cet"  ..    
.

         
 ,      
        
    ,  
.     .

     , ,     
   ,   , 
     . ,  
  ?      [274]  
  .

          
     
      , 
  ,      
 .    : " $T_0$ 
 ,   $\sqrt{overline{\Delta r}^2(t)}$
  " [274], .183.    ,    
   [274], .185, .3, ,   
   $1000$   
 $\sqrt{\overline{\Delta r}^2(t)}$     
$13'$   ,   --  $\o^2$ Eri.  
 . .

      --    
   $13'$  , 
..  ...      $10'$,
      ,  
  ,   $30'$.  .  [1339],
[614].        ,
 ,        [274], --  
       -- 
         $13'$, 
  \'   $20' - 30'$.    
" "   2--3  .   ,
  ,   [274],   1000--1500
.     ,    [273], [274],
 .       
         
    ( II   ..)  
( II  ..),       .  
 ""  .    ,   
    .

    ,        
  ,   .   
 ,     . 
..  " "     
  .      , 
..   ,       
     .    ,
,         
,    .

   4.2.   ..   
             .

      [274] ..  .. ,
         
   .   ,  
 ,         
  .       
 ""    30--40 ,    
,    , --    
-- $\pm3$ !

       ,  
        , 
,        
 ,     --   $\tau$ Cet.
         
 .  ?       .

    ,       ..
 ..     -
 --  $o^2$ Eri.      
 13- .       
  ,      
       
   ,    
  [273]  [274].   , ..  ..
  [274]       ,
      .  
""       .

         [273]  [274] .
   , ,    
    .

    4.3.     
               $o^2$ Eri.

          $o^2$ Eri, 
  .. [273], [274],  .  
    ..    .

      $o^2$ Eri   ,   1.  ,
        
 .  ,       
 "    ", --       
 $o^2$    ,   , --   
    .

    ,   $o^2$ Eri   , 
   .     
     ,  ,  
        . 
    : 778, 779, 780.     779
, . [1339],   $o^2$ Eri    ,
     $o^2$ Eri  ,  
  779    .

       ,   
   .    
   ,     
        $o^2$
Eri.  ,    900  1900  ..  
       $o^2$
Eri    780.   ,  779 
       .  ,
       98 Heis [1339], .117.
 ,   (!)   779  . .
[1339].

   ,   $o^2$      
,   4,2 -- 6,3.   
   -   --  
.      ,  
          .
       , 
, .    [274] "" 
 $o^2$ Eri      
   ,     
 II  ..    "" 
  , ,   .

    ,   ..    [273], [274]
  ,    
  .     ..   ,
   13  .. $\pm 100$ .    
!

    4.4.  ..      
                            .

       -- ,  , ,  
 ..  .. [273].   
   .    [273]   
     250  ..  
 ""         310
 ..  $\pm360$ .    ""    .

        [273], [274]  
. , .. [968], .184  ,   
[273] "   I   ..,  ,   
      ".

            
" " ,    [273].   , 
[273]        , ,
,      .  
 --  " ".     11
.           
  "",    $t$  .  
 .

          - .  ,
,       "".  , 
   .    ,   
     .
          
   $10'$    .    
     .   
   -    .

          ,   [273],
  $14'$.      
 $10'$,    --    --  
$14'$.      --  $2''$  . 
,   $14'$     420 .  -
     "" .

          
       $14'$,  
      .  , ,  
    .    ,   
   .       
   . .,  ,   
[614].  ,    ,   
   -     .
,   "",    [273] 
,   420 .     
     ,    200   ..
 700  ..

        [273], [274] 
       
.       "" 
..  ,      300-
 ..   $\pm 300-400$  [273], .311; [274], .181.

       [273], [274]   
.      , 
       
     ,  
   .

         , ..  
   .    
 ,     
     , "" 
 ,   ..  .   
       ,   
        
   "" .    
       
 ,  ,    .  
    .    [274]    
 . ,     ,
   [273], [274] ""   .

   "  ",  ..\-\-\-
  .      ,
, .     , 
     
         , 
     .      
,     . ..
  $T_0$.

   ,     -
       
.  ..   : "-    $n$
,    $\epsilon_{\lambda,\beta}$.   
,        
         
 " [273], .311.

   , ?  -,    
 .   ,   --
      ,  
""    .     
   , ..     
  .

   -,     ( 5--6 
),     ,  
  ..   . 
     .  
       .

  , ..    
   ""   .  : "
 $\epsilon_{\lambda,\beta}$   ,  
       
$T_0$.        ,
,         ,
 ,    
$\epsilon_{\lambda,\beta}$   ,   
 $T_0$.    100 ,  
  $T_0$" [273], .312.  .. : "
         
${\bar T}_0$ --  I   .." [273], .313. ..  
 "" : "  
 $T_0$  900   0,2    
 . ,    
     " [274],
.188--189.

    , ..  ,    
     "  " ${\bar
T}_0$,      "   
 " [273], .313.

       . ,    
  ${\bar T}_0$ ..   
  $T_0$     ,
  ...     
      
     $T_0$   . ..
,          
 .  ,  , --   
      
""    .  , 
,       
.  --   .   
 ..    ,   
 900  ..       
"   0,2".   ,  
    .

      ,     $T_0$,  
  ,     
 .   ,  
 ,   ,    . 
      420 , . .
      
  ,      
 .  ,    ,   
    .     $T_0$ 
 ,   , 
.  ""     ,
..,  ,     
   .  ,   
 , ..,     , , 
      -    
.    ,     
   0,8,   0,2   
 .

    .     , 
        
 . ,   --   
420 , . .    ,    
      .   ,  
 , ..   
  ,     .
     .. -  .

    ,  ,     
   ,     
,  ,  .    
. ,      
  $45'$  .     .
        [1339].
  ,       .   ,
   ,  .

      , ,  , , 
 ,    ,  
     400 ,  ""  14-
   . ,  ,  
     ,    
  .    14-  
,   $45'$,    
      .3.13a.

           $60'$
    $A$,  1, ,    
    0,1.  ,   
       
,    ,        400
,   0,1. ..  ,   
0,2  ,     900  
.

      [274] ,     
 , -- -     , --
 ,    $o^2$  
.       .

         .   ,
   [273]  [274],   
   .  , . 
 1, ,  ..  ,   "",
     X  ..,   
   . -  [273]     
 .

   , "",    [273], [274],   
    ,     
.  ,       
       .  , 
         0 
..  1000  ..,   ""   
   .    
 .. "".

                         .

     1.    ..  .. [273], [274]
      , 
 .  ,    [273], [274] 
 " ".

     2.    [273], [274]    "
",   ""    . . .

     3.  ..  .. [273], [274]  
  , --  ,    , -
  ,   , .

     4.  [273]  [274] "-"   , 
     .

    ..  .. [273]    
    1987 .   ,    
[273], [274]  ,  ,    [350], [355],
       1989  1990 . 
,    ..      
      1989 .  
..   .  ,     
.

   4.5.      
                   .

          [179],   
 .   ..  .. ,
  ,   ,     , -- 
,  1690 ,      , --
   1,1    .     , 
        $2,285'',$ .. 
..    .  : " 1,1
  2,285    ,  1733 .  , 
1733  1690 (      ), ,
     43   ..  
    ,    ,
      .  
          
    0,1  (? -- .).  , 
     150 " [179], .75.

      ,   [273]     250
 .., --   ""  310  ..,   $\pm
360$ , --   [179],  -  
, "" ,   , 43  ..  
   $\pm 150$ .

          [179]   , 
       .
   [179]      ,
        
  ,   .     ,  
   -  .  
   .   .3.1    
      ,   .
 ,     ""  ,
  .    $2''$    1,1 ,
--       [179], --    
.    900  ..  ,  
 ,    .    
 .  .

    ,   ..  ..\-\-\-\- 43
 ..   $\pm 150$      
       .

  ,   ""  [179]    
       .
       ,
  .     
        
    " "  .

       [179]       , 
 0,1 ,   $6'$,     .  
$6'$,   $2'$  $15'$ ?!      
     ,   
     .

       [179]     .
        "" 
  -- . :  "   
       
 ,   --     330  
..     300      ... 
       
,           "
[179], .75--76.

       ,      ,  -  
  . ,  ""  ,
,   ""   ,  
   .  ,   
  ,       X 
..! .  1. ,      
.  ,  ..  .. 
      "" 
  II .

   4.6.  " "    
                    "" .

        ""  1999  [263]
   .., ..  ..
  <<  "" . 
   >>.    , 
,       
.

    ,   [263]     
 .      : 
    "   ", 
     .  , , 
    .

     [263]     
  " "    [1197].  ,
    ,   [263]
   : $(-0,1098; -0,2001)$   
 $(-1,155; -1,998)$  .  --   
.

     [263]      : <<
   "" ,  ,   
 ,      ... (  
   [1197] -- .),     
   " ">> [263], .23.

         24  [263], 
    : "   , 
         
  ".

            
        ,  , -- 
  !       
 .        
 2000  ..,    -    
 1900  ..  -  .    
    .   ,  
        ,
      .       
  ,   .    ,   
      
.         1/1000
  ,     -- 1   100 .   
   .

      .  ,  ,   
 - ,      .

          [263]
 .  ,    ,  
   ,     
      ,   
. , ,      
,   .

    5.     .    
                .

   5.1.   :   ,
             ,   .

      1--3      
   ,     .
    .      
 .  -,      , 
    ""   
,   ,     
.  -,      ,
       .

     ,      , .  
     
.      .

     1.       
.   1  ,      
 ,  ,      
 . ,    , 
       
     .

     2.      .   
 ,   ,   , 
       
     .    
,  , ,   
      .   
    ,    
. ,    . ,   , 
 -  .

     3.   ,   
 .    --    
,        
   $\Delta$.    
,      , 
,    ,   
   $\Delta$     . 
      
 ,       
   .    
. .   5--7.

           .  
      .

    5.2. -  .

            
   ,   
   .    
, --   ! --      60  ..
 ,         
        60  ..,
     .    
 ,       
     .

         ,  
 ,   ,       
.  . [1339].       
  ,     [1339]. 
      
    ,     
      60  ..

     ,   [1339]    
 .   ,     
      , .  4.
 ,  ,   [1339] .

         ,  
   $t$     
. , , $o^2$ Eri, $\mu$ Cas.   
,   [1339],   , 
      .  
       ,  
     .      
.

     ,   [1339]     $o^2$
Eri  $\mu$ Cas  .

             5.3.     .

     ,      
        
  .     
  .      
      .

         : ,   "".

          ,
        
       .

            
 -       
 .    ,   
      ,   .

      -    
:   ,   ..  
     ,   , 
,      .  
-  .

          .  
  --    5,      
 ,   ,    
.

           
  6. ,     
      ,
       
   .

       ,  ,   
  , ,  . , 
    . ,  ,  
        
         
     .    
        .

    ,   ,   
.      ,  ,
 . . .1.1   1.

     $\tau$      $Q(t_A)$,
     $t_A$    
.   , $\tau$ --     
        
.

     $\beta$    $Q(t_A)$   . 
,      .

     $\gamma$   $\epsilon$    .  
     , 
    ,  
   $\epsilon$    . 
   $\gamma$    , 
        
   $\gamma$.

          
. ., ,  [1339], [614], [544].    
     .

    $\tau$    ,    
       ""  
 ,     .  
  , ,  . ,
    -    
.         
 [614].       
 .    ,   , 
,       .  
  , ,    
   ,   --    ""
,  ""    .

     ,        $\tau$.  -- 
     .    
      .   
    , , $\beta$  $\gamma$,
  .

        $\beta$  $\gamma$?  
       
  [75].   ,    
 $\beta$        .
 $\gamma$    .  
       
    , .  1.  ,
 $\gamma$       $\beta$.

       [544], [1339]     ,   
    $\gamma$.  ,
      
  $20'$.     , .  6.

      $\beta$  $\gamma$    
$\varphi$  $\gamma$,      .  
  .3.14.       
      .  
" ".      
      $t_A$   ,
  $\varphi$    $QR$   $t_A$ 
 CD  ,      $\gamma$ 
    --   . 
       
 $\varphi$  $\gamma$.

    ,      
     .    ,
,  ,     ..

     2       ,
        
 ""   , .2.14.  
6  ,       ,  ,
       
.

      ,     
        
 .      ,   
,       .

    5.4.      .
       ,    
                         .

     $t_A$    . 
    $t$,     ,
   $\gamma(t)$  $\varphi(t)$.   
       
  .       5.

          
$\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$, .3.15.    
        
.   "$stat$" ,   
  .     
    ,    
    .   
,      $t$   
  $t$.       , -- 
$\gamma(t)$  $\varphi(t),$ --  .

         ?   
     ,   
     
 ,    .     
,       ,    
  .

             
 .

      $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$ 
   $I_\gamma$  $I_\varphi$ 
 $\gamma$  $\varphi$. ,  $\gamma_{stat}$, 
$\varphi_{stat}$     
 .     
   .     ,
,       
.      
 $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$    
 ,       
.

      ,   
 ,    5.  ,
  ,    6.

            
  .      
    ,    ""
  ,   
   .    , 
      $A$  $Zod A$.  .  6
 .2.3.   , ,    
.   ,    
      $A$   
   $10'$. .  6.   $Zod A$   "
"     -- 63,7\%.   ,
     $10'$   
        .

     ,  , --   
 $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$.  ,   
 ,        $A$,  
$\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$     
?

       ,     
      .
        
  .     
  - ,    .

             
 ""   .  , 
 $\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}$,     $Zod A$,
         $A$. 
, $\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}$    
,        
 $A$,       .

       $\varphi_{stat}^{Zod A}$  
 . ,      
$\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$      ,
        
  .  .   6.

   5.5.      
         ,    .

           
    $Zod A$    $17,7'$  $12,8'$.  
,    .

       ,       10
       .
 .    ,    
   ?

    ,       
   -  . ., , [968].
       
. , ,      
 21   [1049].      
    .     
 . ., ,  FK4 [1144].   
   ,        
 .       
.

       .    
,       
   .

             
?     , ,   
   ,     
  .    --  .  
        .  
 :  , , , , ,  =
, , , ,  = , , . 
-- 12 .

      -- ,     .  
    , --    
    , , ,
, .         --
, , ,  = .

           --  
 -       .  
,        
.         ,  
     "".    
,  ,    
.    .  .    2.

        --    () --   
 ,     ,    ,
     .   
        .

    ,      
  8   .   :

  (Arcturus, $16 \alpha$ Boo),     110;

  (Regulus, $32 \alpha$ Leo),   469;

  (Spica, $67 \alpha$ Vir),   510;

  (Capella, $13 \alpha$ Aur),   222;

  =  (Lyra, $3 \alpha$ Lyr),  149;

  (Procyon, $10 \alpha$ CMi),   848;

  (Antares, $21 \alpha$ Sco),   553;

  (Acelli, $43 \gamma$ Cnc),   452.


     5.6.       
   ,  ,   
                     .

          ,  
  $t_A$     
,        
 $10'$.

     ,  ,    $t_A$  $\gamma$
      
 $I_\gamma$,    
$\gamma_{stat}(t_A)$.      .

         $t$    
    $I_{\gamma}$ 
$\gamma_{stat}(t)$,       $S_t$,  
$\gamma \in S_t$    $\gamma$ 
      ,  
 $10'$,  ,      
, .3.16.

      ,  $S_t$    .  
   $t$,    $S_t$ 
.         
,      $t$  
   8      
$10'$.

       ,  
     
$\gamma_{stat}(t)$.     ,   7.  
     .

    ,        600
 ..     1300  ..     
700 ,     ,   
       ( II 
..).

     5.7.       
     ,  ,   .

          
      ,  ,
  --   ,    
  .  ,  ,  
        .
   ,     8   
    $Zod A$,   
 , ,   .    :
    ,   
 ?

     " "   .  
   $t$   ""   
.   $D_t$   $\gamma$,  
     $t$   ,  
  $\varphi$    8   
 10- , .3.17.  ,  $D_t$  $S_t$ 
 $t$.  ,        $t$,
         8
         
,   $10'$.

    ,     "
"      , 
 .  .  ,   7.

     7   ,     
    .  
:      ,
    --   
 ,      
.       
  ,   
    .    "
"      
      .

   ,       
   .       
 -, -,  , .    
      
, --     , --
  .  ,   
     .   , 
,       
        .  .  
 9.

    .        
600  ..  1300  ..  ,  
 ""   ..   .

            1551
, .3.18.   ,        .
         , 
   .  ,     
 XVII    XVIII .  --   ,  
    XVI ,        
  .

                           4.
                          ?

               1.  .

       ,      
  ,     
        .
   , ,  , 
 , --  ,   "" , 
  ,    ,   .
      .  ,
         
.    .      ,  
         
    .

   ,     1025 .   
        
    "vocatur" ("").  -- ,
 (), , , , , ,
,  = , , , .  ,  
  "".  ,   ,  
   .       
  "   ", "   ",
"    ", "      
"  ..       
        
.

           
,       
 .      ,
,   .  . [1339].   , 
       . 
[1339]      , 
 .  ,    
  ,     
   .      
     .

     ,  ,     ,
    ,    
..       ,   
        .
     ,   
       
.        
,        --  
  -- .

    ,    ,    
 "" .   ,       --
,  4-  6- .      
     .  ,    
  ,     .  
,        
    .      
,        
.

             
 ,      [1339]. 
      .  
     ,   
      ,
 ,   , --   .   
  ,    
      .

  2.        .

          2.1.    --  .

     "  "       
  ,       
.    ,    
   ,    ,   
      .   
,       
     [1197],   9  , 
78  --   .      
.   ,      $0,5''$ 
           1900 
..  ,      --   .

             
  .4.1.      
 1900  ..,     $t=0$   , 
        
     1900 ...    
.4.1       . 
,   .4.1,     
[1197].            
.

      ,    ,  
   , .   1,   
   ,  
 $L_i(t), B_i(t)$\quad $i$-     $(1 \le
i \le 78)$    $t$.

         78     
$\varepsilon$-,     $\varepsilon$ 
        
 $t$  1100   ..  1900  .. $(0 \le t \le 30).$
.  .4.1. ,     $t$ 
  $\xi (A, i, t)$   $A$  
    $(l_A, b_A)$  
 $i$-      
$(L_i(t), B_i(t))$   $t$.

       $\xi (A, i, t) < \varepsilon$, 
,     $t$    $i-$
    $A$   .   
' $i$  $A$   $t$     . 
, , "",     , 
$\varepsilon$-  $i$    
 $A$       
 $[t_*, t^*]$    $(0 \le t \le 30).$
,      $\varepsilon$- "" 
$i$       .   
$t$,   .         
         $t$  
 .

   ,     .  , 
     , 
     ,  ,  
    .  , ,
        $\varepsilon$.
   ,      
   .

             2.2.   ""
                  .

         ,   , 
     $10'$,  
  .  ,    
,   ,   $14'$.  , 
$\sqrt 2$      . 
   ,  , 
 ,        
  ,   , .  
       .

          ,   5  6.  
   ,     
$\varepsilon$ ,  $14'$   .   
,  ,  
$\varepsilon = ({1\over 2})^o, 1^o, (1{1 \over 2})^o, 2^o$.
 .4.2  
        $0 \le t
\le 30$,  ,  1100   ..  1900  ..   
 .4.2     , {$\varepsilon$-} 
""      $t$,    
$\varepsilon$,       .

           -
" ",      [1197],  
,    $A$.   "" 
$i$  - $\varepsilon$     
$A$, --    $A$     ""
$\varepsilon$-   "" ,
--       . , 
1325  [1197]  $\varepsilon=0,5^o$    
$0 \le t \le 30$     ,  
 780.

        $i$     
$A$   ,     
   $A$,    \' ,
   ,   $\varepsilon$.
,    $i=21$,   11 $\beta$ Cas, 
  $A=189$  $20 \le t \le 30$,  $\varepsilon=0,5^o$,  
  $0 \le t \le 30$,  $\varepsilon \ge 1^o$.

     $i$   ,   
   ,      
,       
    $i$,      .
,    i=1325,   40 $o^2$ Eri,  
     , 
  778, 779, 780. ,  
$\varepsilon=1,5^o$,   ,   $0 \le t \le 10$  i=1325
        
$A=780$. , ,  $t=10$    i=1325 
$A=779$   $1,5^o$.

     ""   $i$   $A$
    $t$ .  ,  
     $t$,   
""   ,      $A$,
    $i$    [1197].

   .4.2 ,    $\varepsilon$  
   .      
    . -,
 $\varepsilon$       
  ,    , 
    .  -,   
 ,      
,        
   . -,  $\varepsilon$ 
   ,    
 .

     .4.2 ,  ,   36  78
  .     
  [1339].   ,      
 .       i=1325, 
 $o^2$ Eri.   .  E. [1339] 
   .   ,  
       
  .     , 
       $A=778, 779,
780$       .   
      ,   
.

   .4.2    . ,  
    $A=169$    
 ,   8085  8086   [1197].

      .4.2    , 
   ,   . 
      ,   ,
          
    .    
 ,   .   
     ,     
[1197].       .

            :  
  \'   
      ? , 
     .    
,   3.

     , ,       
      $\varepsilon$ 
 ,     
,       $\varepsilon$  
      ,  
      .
,    .4.2,    
$\varepsilon$  .       
 $\varepsilon$   .      
    ,     
.  ,  ""    
  . ,     
     .    
 3        
 ,    .

                      2.3. .

      1.      
    .

      2.   78   ,  
  "",     , 
[1197], 36      , .
.4.2.

      3.     .4.2   
  ,  $\varepsilon=1,5^o$.

     )  $o^2$  = 40 $o^2$ Eri,   1325  [1197],
        
 .     .

   #   778     1100   ..  800
  ..;

   #   779     700   ..  800
 ..;

   #   780     900  .. 
 .

     )  660  [1197]     
 :

   #   360     1800  1900  ..,

   #   361 ,    1800  ..

     )  8697  [1197]     
    :

   #   327     1200  ..   1900 
..,

   #   328     1200  ..

          3.    ,  
                      .

           ,
  ,     .  
    ,     
    .   ,  
        
 .

       --   , 
 ,       
?       
      .  -- 
 ,    .    
,    ,  
   .    ""
    .      
    ,   
.  ,    ,  
,     .

           
 BS5,    ,   .
    9  .   BS5  
    BS4 [1197].   
  BS5   ,     
BS4 [1197].       .

            1.    .

     BS5    ,   
   0,1 /       
    1900 .     
  BS4 [1197],     BS5   
    2000 .     
        
 1900 . ,        
   ,        .
       .

        2.  ,    
                       .

   ,        ,  
   " ",  " ",   
  .       .   
,     " "  " " -  
 XVII  XVIII ,    
   ,      .
 ,   ,   
 ,       , 
      ,    
 .         ,  
    ,   ,   
,          - .
       " ".   
         
.

             
  XVII--XX ,  ?  
,       ,  
    ,     
 .       
     ,     
 .  ,   -  
      ,     
. , , -  .    " 
",   --  .    "  ".
       
-.    :  --    ,   --
 .        .

       3.  ,    .

     BS4 [1197]  .461--468    " ,
     ".     ""
  .   (  )  
  .1.2  .1.3   1.    
      ,    
    .

        .     
 ,     . ,
     ,    ,
   . ',  , 
-       ,  
 .       
  ,   ,     
  ,  .

      4.  ,   "  
                       " .

           , 
    $C$  $D$  .  
    6.        
    .  ,
        , . 
2, ,   $C$  $D$  " "  .
 ,         
,     $C$  $D$,    
      .  
   .

     ""     76 .

       5.       .

           , ,  
    2--3 ,    
     .   
  ,   ,  
   .   -
    .

   ,        ,  
     ,    , 
          
.         
-         
.     [293],  
       
Turbo-Sky,         
     .      
"",      25-
.

     ,   ""   76    8.
 68 .      .4.3.

      .4.3     
   BS5.   --   .
    D (disagreement,  
),     
.      ,   
       
    [1478].      
,     [1339].  
 --     BS5.      --
       
    1900 .    --
 ,        
,      .  
 --   .

   ,      76    
      [1478].    ,
   $D$ ( ).   
     ""  .

      .      
         $A, Zod A,
B, Zod B, M$.     68 .     4.4
(4.4()  4.4()),    1   .

   ,       "" 
   .     .   
     .     .
         
    .

                          5.
         .

                        0.  .

                    0.1.  .

         
 . , ,      ,
         
  .     , 
    .  
  .  ,        
   .    ,
  .     
 ,    .

       .  ,  
?  : .  ,  ,  
   .    ,
   ,   ,     
  ""   , , ,  
 . , ,  
  ,   , ,  
  .     -- 
        
   .  .5.a -   $S$.  
   $S$?  .    $x_i$,
 $i-$  ,     
 $N$ : $S = \frac1N \sum_{i=1}^N x_i $.

   ,   $S$    
   :   $S$,
    

$$
\sum_{i=1}^N (x_i - S)^2 .
$$

     ,  $(x_i - S)^2 = (x_{i1} - S_1)^2 + (x_{i2} -
S_2)^2$,  $x_{i1}, x_{i2}$  $(S_1, S_2)$ --  
$x_i$  $S$ .

     '    
   ,    
  .    $S$    
   . , $S$  
.

   ,     ,    
    $S$,      
      (
   ..)      .

       .   ,  
   -   ,  , 
.      ,     
   $t_A$ ( "$A$",  , 
,         ). 
       $t_A$ ( 
  )     
,     .   ,   
  ,      .
        $N$.  
$l_i$  $L_i$    $i-$  
      .  , 
$b_i$  $B_i$   $i$-  (   
).   ()    

$$
\Delta \bar L = \frac1N \sum_{i=1}^N (l_i - L_i),
$$
    

$$
\Delta \bar B = \frac1N \sum_{i=1}^N (b_i - B_i).
$$

    ,   ,   - 
     ,  , 
 .       (,  
   ),   ,  , .
  , ,     (
,        ) ,  
      .

                   0.2.  .

       ,     ,
 .

    , ,      
.         , 
    ,    
  .

   ,    ,      
   $N$   $(l_i, b_i)_{i=1}^N$ .  
    ""   .
   ,    $t$, 
$\left(L_i(t), B_i(t)\right)_{i=1}^N$.  ,   
,       
,      $t_A$. 

$$
L_i^A = L_i(t_A), B_i^A = B_i(t_A)
$$
   

$$
\Delta B_i^A = B_i^A - b_i.
$$

     --  

$$
\sigma^2 = \sum_{i=1}^N (\Delta B_i^A)^2 \to \sigma_{min}^2,
$$
  ,  , ,   
,     .

        
,     
  :  $\gamma$  $\varphi$.   .
     .5.1.  $\gamma$ --  
    ,  $\varphi$ --  
       
 .

   ,    ,   
$\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$,   
    .      , 
 (5.5.2)  (5.5.3).

    $\sigma_{min}$   ( 
 )   .  
    $\sigma_{min}$ .   
(5.5.10).    $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$
       .
    .

   ,    ,    
(,  $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$ 
)  .   ,   
,   ,    
$\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$. ,   
,       -
  $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$.

      ,   
.      $1-\varepsilon$. ,
, $\varepsilon=0,1$,     0,9.  
  ,      
.       ,
      
   $1-\varepsilon$. 

$$
I_\gamma(\varepsilon) = [\gamma_{stat} - x_\varepsilon, \gamma_{stat} +
x_\varepsilon]
$$
--       $\gamma$, 

$$
I_\varphi(\varepsilon) = [\varphi_{stat} - y_\varepsilon,
\varphi_{stat} + y_\varepsilon]
$$
--       $\varphi$.
  (. ),   $x_\varepsilon$ 
$y_\varepsilon$    

$$
x_\varepsilon = q_\varepsilon,\qquad\qquad y_\varepsilon =
q_\varepsilon,
$$
 $q_\varepsilon$   $(1 -
\frac\varepsilon2)-$   ,
   .

   ,       $1-\varepsilon$,  
   $1-\varepsilon$   
  $\gamma$  $I_\gamma(\varepsilon)$ 
 $\varphi$ --  $I_\varphi(\varepsilon)$.

  0.3.     
                   .

         
$\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$.   
 (  ,    ), 
   $P_A$ (  )  $P(t)$
(     $t$), .5.b.

   ,     $P_A$  $P(t)$  
 $\gamma_{stat}$      
 ,    .  ,   
  .   $P(t)$   
 ,      
  $P(t)$, . .5.b.

    $v$     , 
 $\gamma_{stat}$     .  
  $t^*$,      
    .    
,       ,
, ,    
 . ,    ,   
    $t^*$ .   , 
      
   $\delta$,    , 
  $P(t)$    $\delta$    
$P_A$,       
.   $\delta$   . ,   
,    ,     . 
      . 
,        .

   ,      
,      ,  $t^*$ 
   ,     ,
  .     (,   , 
  $\gamma_{stat}$) "" -- , , 
  ,    $t^*$.   , 
$t^*$ --   ,    , --
 .   ,    
  . ,  ""  ""
  ,     
.     "
",    ,  
   $\sigma_{min}$,  
  .

           
.

                1.  .

        ,  ,     , 
       
 .    ,  
  $i$    $l_i, b_i$ 
    $i-$   . 
$L_i(t), B_i(t)$       $i-$ 
   $t$. ,    $t$    1900 
""    ,  , , $t=3,15$
  $1900-3,15 \cdot 100=1585$  ..,  $t=22,0$
  $1900-22 \cdot 100=300$   ..

      $t_A$ --     
.   $L_i^A, B_i^A$   
 $i-$     ,  
$L_i^A=L_i(t_A), B_i^A=B_i(t_A)$.  $\Delta B_i(t)=B_i(t)-b_i$ -
    $i-$      $t$  
  .   $\Delta B_i(t)$  
    $t$.       
  $i-$    ,  
    $t$. ,  $\Delta B_i(t_A)=\Delta B_i^A$
      .

          3,     
   .    
.

       2.     .

       , ,  
 .       
         
,     
     .  , --  
   ,    
  , --     
          ,   
.      ,  
    .  .

     .5.1    .  
     $O$     
  $t_A$.     $Q$  $R$
    .  $P$ 
  .  $E$   
.   ,   ,  
 ,   ,  
,      
   ,  ,  ,
   $P$        
 $P_A$.

         ,   
.5.1  .     
  . -,  $\gamma$  
$OP$  $OP_A$, ,    ,    
    . -,  $\varphi$ 
  $RQ$   $CD$,  
     .  
    .     
   $\varphi$   $\beta$, 
  , .5.1.   
""    --    $RQ$  
$\gamma$   ,      
  $RQ$,   $\beta$. , $\beta$ 
   $Q_AQ$,    ,
   $P_A$   $Q$.    
$Q_A$  .      
. ,   $\gamma$  $\varphi$  
 $\gamma$  $\beta$,  .     
   $CQ_AQ$. 
   $Q_A$ -- ,    $C$  $\gamma$, 
  $CQ$  $\beta$.   :

\begin{equation}
\sin\beta = \sin\gamma \sin\varphi.
\end{equation}

           
$P_AP'_A$, .5.1.         
  .       .
,       
  ,   .  ,   
   .

      ,      $i$
    .   $B_i^A$ 
   $L_i^A$     $EE'$ 
$QE'$,    ,     $P$.
    $b_i, l_i$   
 $EE_A$  $Q_AE_A$. ,   ,   
    $D$     $C$,
,   -- , .5.1.  
,  ,    .    ,
   $P$  $P'$    
 $\gamma$ ( )  . ,  $\gamma$
,       .  
   .   ,  $\gamma$
  $20'$.

       $\gamma$,   
    :

\begin{equation}
\Delta B_i^A=\gamma \cdot \sin(L_i^A+\varphi).
\end{equation}

     ,     
  ,   .5.2.  
   ,   .  .
[1339]    .    (5.2.2) 
 $1'$  ,   $|b_A| \le 80^o$.  
   ,        
,   (5.2.1)  .   
   ,    80  
 .         
 ,     
,     . 
,     (  ) 
   ,  
 .      
,   6.

     ,    $t_A$  ,
   $\gamma$  $\varphi$,  
,  .

   1)     $t_A$   $B_i^A$ 
 $L_i^A$      .

   2)   $\gamma^*$  $\varphi^*$,   

\begin{equation}
\sigma^2(\gamma^*, \varphi^*) \to \min,
\end{equation}



$$
\sigma^2(\gamma, \varphi)=\sum_i(B_i^A-b_i - \gamma \sin(L_i^A +
\varphi))^2.
$$

           ,  ,
 (5.2.3)    
$\sigma^2(\gamma^*, \varphi^*)=0.$     
     (5.2.3)   .

       $t_A$   .
       
  $t$    $0 \le t \le 25$, 
,    $t$     
 . ,    .5.1,  
$\gamma=\gamma(t), \varphi=\varphi(t)$  $\beta=\beta(t)$, 
     $t$   . 
 $\gamma(t)$  $\varphi(t)$    

\begin{equation}
\sigma^2(\gamma(t), \varphi(t), t) \to \min,
\end{equation}



\begin{equation}
\sigma^2(\gamma, \varphi, t)=\sum_i (\Delta B_i(t) -
\gamma\sin(L_i(t)+\varphi))^2.
\end{equation}

    -,           
 ,  ,   (5.2.4)  
,       
,   
$$
\sigma^2(\gamma(t), \varphi(t), t)=0.
$$

          ,  
           
.         $t$, 
 $t_A$     .    
    (5.2.4),    
     .    
      $t$.  
, ,     -- 
   .      
   ,       
   $t$.

       ,    ,
   .   $B_i(t)-b_i$
  ,    
   ,   .5.2.  ,
   ,  ,  
,   $\gamma(t)$  $\varphi(t)$  
  .

        3.   $\gamma(t)$  $\varphi(t)$
                  .

     $\gamma(t)$  $\varphi(t)$   (5.2.4),
(5.2.5).  ,   ,   
 ,     .  
      ,  
N      :

\begin{eqnarray*}
\sigma_0^2(\gamma,\varphi,t)=\frac1N\sigma^2(\gamma,\varphi,t),
\qquad
&s_2(t)=\frac1N\sum_{i=1}^N\sin^2 L_i(t),  \\
s_b(t)=\frac1N\sum_{i=1}^N\Delta B_i(t)\,\sin L_i(t),
\qquad
&c_2(t)=\frac1N\sum_{i=1}^N\cos^2 L_i(t), \\
c_b(t)=\frac1N\sum_{i=1}^N\Delta B_i(t)\,\cos L_i(t),
\qquad
&d(t)=\frac1N\sum_{i=1}^N\sin L_i(t)\cos L_i(t).
\end{eqnarray*}

     ,         
   $t$,       
    .

    ,    (5.2.4)  


\begin{equation}
\sigma_0^2(\gamma, \varphi, t) \to \min
\end{equation}
  ,   $\gamma(t)$  $\varphi(t)$, 
 (5.3.1),   ,  
 (5.2.4).

      ,   (5.3.1) 
     ,     
    ,     
$\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$  ,
  (5.3.1).



\begin{equation}
\sigma_{min}(t) = \sigma_0(\gamma_{stat}(t), \varphi_{stat}(t), t)
\end{equation}

   .   
         $t$,
     
$\gamma_{stat}(t), \varphi_{stat}(t)$.    , 
$\sigma_{min}(t)$        
     . 
     $\sigma_{min}$.  , 
        
$t$  

\begin{equation}
\sigma_{init}(t) = \sigma_0(0,0,t) = \sqrt{\frac 1N
\sum_{i=1}^N (\Delta B_i(t))^2}\;,
\end{equation}
,  ,    $t$.  ,  $\Delta
\sigma(t) = \sigma_{init}(t) - \sigma_{min}(t)$   
   $\gamma_{stat}(t)$,
$\varphi_{stat}(t)$.

         $\gamma_{stat}(t)$ 
$\varphi_{stat}(t)$   (5.3.1)    $t$ 
 .     $t$   
,  ,   $L_i$  $L_i(t),\; s_b$ 
$s_b(t)$  ..

          (5.3.1),  
  $\sigma_0^2(\gamma, \varphi, t)$  $\gamma$ 
$\varphi$    .    $\sin(L_i + \varphi) =
\sin L_i \cos \varphi + \cos L_i \sin \varphi$,  

\begin{eqnarray}
s_b \cos \varphi + c_b \sin \varphi &=&
\gamma [s_2 \cos^2 \varphi + 2 d \cos \varphi \sin \varphi +
c_2 \sin^2 \varphi],  \\
-c_b \cos \varphi + s_b \sin \varphi &=&
\gamma [-d \cos^2 \varphi + (s_2 - c_2) \cos \varphi \sin \varphi +
\nonumber \\
&+& d \sin^2 \varphi].
\end{eqnarray}

  (5.3.4)  (5.3.5), 

$$
\frac{s_b + c_b \tan \varphi}{-c_b + s_b \tan \varphi} =
\frac{s_2 + 2d \tan \varphi + c_2 \tan^2 \varphi}
{-d + (s_2 - c_2) \tan \varphi + d \tan^2 \varphi}\;.
$$

       ,  
   $\tan \varphi:$

$$
(1+\tan^2 \varphi)(c_bs_2 - s_bd) + (1 + \tan^2 \varphi) \tan \varphi (c_bd -
s_bc_2) = 0.
$$

      $\varphi_{stat}$:

\begin{equation}
\tan \varphi_{stat} = \frac{s_bd - c_bs_2}{c_bd - s_bc_2}\;.
\end{equation}

 (5.3.6)    $\varphi_{stat}$, 
   $\gamma_{stat}$   , , 
(5.3.4):

\begin{eqnarray}
\gamma_{stat} &=& \frac{s_b \cos \varphi_{stat} + c_b \sin \varphi_{stat} }
{s_2 \cos^2 \varphi_{stat} + 2 d \cos \varphi_{stat} \sin \varphi_{stat}+ c_2 \sin^2
\varphi_{stat}} =  \nonumber\\
&=&\frac{\sqrt{c_b d^2 - 2 s_b c_b d + s_b^2 c_2^2 + c_b^2 s_2^2}}
{d^2 - s_2 c_2}\;.
\end{eqnarray}


    (5.3.6)  (5.3.7)      
$\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$   .

         .  
     $\sigma^2(\gamma, \varphi, t)$
 $\gamma$  $\varphi$:

\begin{eqnarray*}
a_{11}(t) = \left. {\partial^2 \sigma^2(\gamma, \varphi, t)
             \over \partial \gamma^2}
\right|_{\gamma=\gamma_{stat}(t),\, \varphi=\varphi_{stat}(t)} \\
a_{12}(t) = \left. {\partial^2 \sigma^2(\gamma, \varphi, t)
            \over \partial\gamma\,\partial\varphi}
\right|_{\gamma=\gamma_{stat}(t),\, \varphi=\varphi_{stat}(t)} \\
a_{22}(t) = \left. {\partial^2 \sigma^2(\gamma, \varphi, t)
            \over \partial\varphi^2}
\right|_{\gamma=\gamma_{stat}(t),\, \varphi=\varphi_{stat}(t)}
\end{eqnarray*}

  (5.3.4)--(5.3.7),     
  :

\begin{eqnarray}
a_{11} &=& 2(s_2 \cos^2 \varphi_{stat} + 2d \cos \varphi_{stat} \sin \varphi_{stat} +
c_2 \sin^2 \varphi_{stat}) \nonumber \\
&=& (2/\gamma_{stat})(s_b \cos \varphi_{stat} + c_b \sin \varphi_{stat}),
\nonumber \\
a_{12} &=& 2(c_b \cos \varphi_{stat} - s_b \sin \varphi_{stat}), \nonumber  \\
a_{22} &=& 2\gamma^2_{stat}(s_2 \sin^2\varphi_{stat} - 2d \sin \varphi_{stat} \cos
\varphi_{stat} + \nonumber \\
&+& c_2 \cos^2 \varphi_{stat}).
\end{eqnarray}

       
$\sigma(\gamma, \varphi, t)$    $\gamma$  $\varphi$
    $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$
    $\sigma^2(\gamma, \varphi, t)$
   $(\gamma(t), \varphi(t))$:

\begin{eqnarray}
\sigma^2(\gamma, \varphi, t) &\approx &\sigma^2_{min} + a_{11}(t)
(\gamma - \gamma_{stat}(t))^2 +  \nonumber \\
&+& 2a_{12}(t)(\gamma -\gamma_{stat}(t))(\varphi - \varphi_{stat}(t))
+  \nonumber \\
&+& a_{22}(t)(\varphi - \varphi_{stat}(t))^2.  \end{eqnarray}

         
      $\gamma - \gamma_{stat}(t)$ 
$\varphi - \varphi_{stat}(t)$.

    (5.3.9)    
   $\sigma(\gamma, \varphi, t)$ 
  $\gamma$  $\varphi$.    
 $a_{11}, a_{12}$  $a_{22}$,     (5.3.9).
   $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$  
   (5.3.8).

  (5.3.9) ,  " "  
    $(\gamma, \varphi)$. . .5.3. 
   $(\gamma_{stat}, \varphi_{stat})$,   
   $\sigma_{min}$.    
      
   $a_{11}, a_{12}, a_{22}$,  , 
 $\alpha$      :

$$
\tan 2 \alpha = {(2a_{12}) \over a_{11} - a_{22}}.
$$

   .     
  $\lambda_1/\lambda_2$,  $\lambda_1$  $\lambda_2$ -- 
 

$$
\lambda^2 - \lambda (a_{11} + a_{22}) + (a_{11} a_{22} - a^2_{12}) = 0.
$$

   4.   $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$
                           .

      ,     $t$ .
      $\gamma_{stat}$ 
$\varphi_{stat}$    .

        ,   
.     $L_i(t)$  $B_i(t)$,  
  $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$  .
  $L_i(t)$   $B_i(t)$   -  
. .   1. ,  ,
       
   $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$
 .  .  6.       
   .

            , 
    .  ,    
 ,       
 .     ,   , 
   , -    
       
 2500 , -  .     
     $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$,
   .

   .5.4        $t_A$
 .    .5.1  .5.4.  
  $t_A$   $P(t_A)$  , 
,   .     
       .   $P_A$
  " "  ,  ,
  $P(t_A)$.

       $P(t_A)$   ,   
   $Q$    $R$.
   $P(t_A)$    $D(t_A)D'(t_A)$,
     $QP(t_A)R$    
 $P(t_A)$.    $t_A$   ,   
,    3,     $\gamma$ 
$\varphi$,      $t_A$ 
 .  .5.4 ,      
   $P(t_A)$  $P_A$   ,  ,
 $\gamma$    $P(t_A)P_A$,   , 
 $\varphi$   $P_AP(t_A)D'(t_A)$.   , 
   1,      .
 --   .       $t$,
  $t_A$,    $P(t)$,    $P(t_A)$.
        .5.4
 ,    $P(t)$  $P(t_A)$.  ,
     $t$   , 
  $P_A$  $P(t)$.   $P(t)P_A$  
$\gamma_{stat}(t)$.     , 
 ,    $P_AP(t)D'(t)$,  
$D(t)D'(t)$ ""  $D(t_A)D'(t_A)$.

         
$\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$,    ,
     .  ,
         .
  .5.4      
, .5.5.

       .5.5,      
   .   
      $25'$.   
  . .    .5.5.  
         
. , ,    $P(t)$ 
$P(t_A)$  $v(t_A - t)$,  $v$ --   
.     $0,01'$  .   
,    $t_A$, -   
,   ,    
  $P_A$,   $P(t_A)$.     ,
   $P_A$     ,
    $t^*>t_A$,    .5.5,  
 , , ""  ,  ,
       
$t^*$.    , --     
    $t^*<t_A$, --  , ,
"" .       
, ,       $P(0)$
  1900  ..    $P(19)$    
  $20'$.        
$\gamma_{stat}(t_A)$.

      ,  $\gamma_{stat}(t_A)$   
$P(t_A)P_A$,  $\varphi_{stat}(t_A)$ --  $P_AP(t_A)D'(t_A)$.
, $\gamma_{stat}(t) = \overline{P(t)P_A}$.   
  .    $P_AP(t)D'(t)$  
$\varphi_{stat}(t)$,     $t$   
   $\omega(t_A - t)$.  $\omega$ --  
,   $50''$  . .  1. 
   .5.5   $D'(t)P(t)S(t)$.  
, $\varphi_{stat}(t) = \angle P_AP(t)S(t)$,  $\angle
D'(t)P(t)S(t) = \omega(t_A - t)$.

         , 

$$
x(t) = \overline{P(t)P(t_A)},       \qquad
y = P(t_A)P(t^*),                   \qquad
z = \overline{P_AP(t^*)},
$$
$$
\psi(t) = \angle P_AP(t)D'(t),      \qquad
\delta = \angle D(t_A)P(t_A)P(t).
$$

    $\gamma_{stat}(t_A)$    
.      $20'$.  $\delta$
   $t$       
     $D(t_A)D'(t_A)$. , 

$$
z = \gamma_{stat}(t_A) \sin(\delta - \varphi_{stat}(t_A)),
\qquad\qquad
y = \gamma_{stat}(t_A) \cos(\delta - \varphi_{stat}(t_A)).
$$

 $x(t) = v(t_A - t)$,   .5.5  , 

\begin{eqnarray}
\gamma_{stat}(t) &=& \sqrt{(v(t_A - t) + y)^2 + z^2} \nonumber \\
&=& \sqrt{\gamma_{stat}^2(t_A) + 2yv(t_A - t) + v^2(t_A - t)^2}.
\end{eqnarray}

   ,        $t =
t^*$.     $|t - t_A| \ll |t_A - t^*|$, 
 $\gamma_{stat}(t)$     :

$$
\gamma_{stat}(t) \approx \gamma_{stat}(t_A) +
v \cos(\delta - \varphi_{stat}(t_A))(t_A - t).
$$

       $\varphi_{stat}(t)$:

\begin{equation}
\varphi_{stat}(t) = \delta + \omega(t_A -t) -
\arctan \left({z \over {y+v(t_A - t)}}\right).
\end{equation}

    ,  $|t - t_A| \ll |t_A - t^*|$,  
 :

$$
\varphi_{stat}(t) = \varphi_{stat}(t_A) +
\left[\omega + \frac{v \sin(\delta - \varphi_{stat}(t_A))}
{\gamma_{stat}(t_A)} \right]
(t_A - t).
$$

   ,       
  $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$.  .5.6
    ,    (5.4.1) 
(5.4.2). ,       ,
  ,  ,  
$\gamma_{stat}(t_A)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t_A)$.  (5.4.1)  (5.4.2)
    $\beta_{stat}(t)$. . 
(5.2.1).

        . 
  -  ,   
     $t$.    , 
  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$, $\gamma_{stat}(t)$,  
      $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  , 
     $\varphi_{stat}(t)$).  
,       . 
   $P_A$     $P(t)$.
,         
  ,        .
  ,   ,    
.  ,      ,   ,
    .

    .5.5 ,    $P_A$   $P(t)$
      : $P_A \to
P(t_A)$  $P(t_A) \to P(t)$.   $\gamma_{stat}(t_A)$ 
$\varphi_{stat}(t_A)$,   ,   
,   --  ,   
     . 
     . 
     .

        .  
$\Delta B_i(t)$   $i-$ ,  
 $t$  ,   $\Delta B_i^0(t) = \Delta
B_i(t) - \gamma_{stat}(t) \sin(L_i(t) + \varphi_{stat}(t))$ --  
   $t$    . 
 ,     , 
$\Delta B_i^0(t)$    $t$  
 ,     .
 ,      
.     $\Delta B_i^0(t)$   
 $t$.      
  ,     
   .  ,     $t_A$
 $\Delta B_i^0(t_A)$      
$i$.   ,       , 
,  ,   $|\Delta B_i^0(t)|$  
   $t_A$.       
         
 ,  ,   .

       ,  ,  .5.5, 
 .  ,     
$P_A$      $\gamma_{stat}$,
     $t_1$  $t_2$.

    ,       
  $v$.  .  1.    
   $t_1$  $t_2$. .  .5.7.   
(5.3.7)   $\gamma_{stat}(t_1)$ 
$\gamma_{stat}(t_2)$.   ,  
    .      $t_1$ 
$t_2$.   ,     
 $v|t_2 - t_1|$.     $P_A$
         
$t_i$   $\gamma_{stat}(t_i), i=1,2$.  .5.7 ,  
   $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$ 
   $t$.   ,  
$S'S$,     $\varphi_{stat}(t)$, 
      $\delta(t)$.  
    .     $S'S$
 .   ""     ,
    $P(t)$   $t$   
 $P(t)$   ,    $P(t)$ 
    $t$.

    ,    $\gamma_{stat}(t)$ 
$\varphi_{stat}(t)$    $t$     :
$\varphi_{stat}(t_1)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t_2)$.

    , ,     $\gamma$.   
:  --       
  .  ,    , , 
 . ,  $\gamma$,    ,
     . .   1.
 ,  $\gamma$    
 .   ,  $\gamma$  
         .

     5.    $\gamma_{stat}$ 
                     $\varphi_{stat}$.

           $\gamma$  $\varphi$,
   ,    .
   .     
 $t_A$   ,  
$\gamma_A$  $\varphi_A$. ,  ,    
 , --   , -- 
 $\xi$,   ,   ${\bf E}\xi_i=0$.
,    $\xi_i$,  
,        . 
$\sigma^2= {\bf E}\xi_i^2$ --    $\xi_i$.
  ,  , .

      $i-$     


\begin{equation}
b_i = B_i(t_A) - \gamma_A \sin(L_i(t_A) + \varphi_A) + \xi_i.
\label{5.5.1}
\end{equation}

          ,   $N$
   $\{b_i\}^N_{i=1}$  (5.5.1).   
     $\hat\gamma$ 
$\hat\varphi$  $\gamma_A$  $\varphi_A$,   
 $\sigma$,    
.         $\hat\varphi
= \varphi_{stat}$  $\hat\gamma = \gamma_{stat}$,  
 .      (5.3.6), (5.3.7). 
     $\gamma_A$  , 
   4.

   (5.5.1)  ,    .  
 ,   ,    $\Delta b_i =
B_i(t_A) - b_i$      $\gamma_A
\sin(L_i(t_A) + \varphi_A)$,    
$\gamma_A$  $\varphi_A$,   $\sigma^2$.  
       
   .     $Y(x)
= \gamma_A \sin(x + \varphi_A)$    .

     $\varphi$  $\gamma$    (5.3.6) 
(5.3.7).   $\Delta b_i$   .  
   (5.3.6)  (5.3.7)  $\varphi_{stat}$ 
$\gamma_{stat}$    .  
   ,     , 
 ,  $\varphi_A$  $\gamma_A$.

        $s_b$  $c_b$  $\Delta
b_i$  $\gamma_A \sin(L_i(t_A) + \varphi_A) - \xi_i$   
   (5.3.6), (5.3.7).    
 $\varphi_{stat}$  $\gamma_{stat}$.

\begin{eqnarray}
\tan \varphi_{stat} &=&
\frac
  {\tan\varphi_A +
    { \frac1N \sum_{i=1}^N \xi_i(s_2 \cos L_i(t_A)-d\sin L_i(t_A))
    \over
    \gamma_A (d^2 - s_2 c_2) \cos \varphi_A } }
  {1 +
    {\frac1N \sum_{i=1}^N \xi_i(c_2 \sin L_i(t_A) - d \cos L_i(t_A))
     \over
     \gamma_A (d^2 - s_2 c_2 ) \cos \varphi_A } }  \\
\gamma_{stat} &=& \gamma_A - \frac
{\frac1N \sum_{i=1}^N \xi_i(\sin L_i(t_A) +\tan \varphi_A \cos L_i(t_A))}
{(s_2 + 2d \tan \varphi_A + c_2 \tan^2\varphi_A) \cos \varphi_A}.
\end{eqnarray}

 

$$
R = (\gamma_A(d^2 - s_2 c_2) \cos \varphi_A)^{-1}.
$$

 (5.5.2)    

\begin{equation}
\tan \varphi_{stat} =
\frac
{\tan\varphi_A+\frac{R}{N} \sum_{i=1}^N \xi_i(s_2\cos L_i(t_A)-d\sin
L_i(t_A))} {1+\frac{R}{N}\sum_{i=1}^N\xi_i (c_2\sin L_i(t_A) - d \cos
L_i(t_A))}.
\label{5.5.4}
\end{equation}

  ${\bf E}\xi_i = 0$ ,    
$\gamma_{stat}$  ,  

\begin{equation}
{\bf E}\gamma_{stat} = \gamma_A.
\label{5.5.5}
\end{equation}

   $\gamma_{stat}$,  $D_{\gamma}$,  

\begin{equation}
{\bf D}_{\gamma} = \frac
{\sigma^2}
{N(\cos^2\varphi_As_2+2d\cos\varphi_A\sin\varphi_A+c_2\sin^2\varphi_A)}.
\label{5.5.6}
\end{equation}

       $\xi_i$  ,  
 $\gamma_{stat}$   ,   
 (5.5.5)  (5.5.6)    . 
        
$\gamma_A$.

   $\varphi_{stat}$   . 
 ,   (5.5.4):

\begin{eqnarray}
&\tan \varphi_{stat} - \tan \varphi_A = \nonumber \\
&= {
{{R \over N}\sum_{i=1}^N\xi_i((s_2+d\tan\varphi_A)\cos L_i(t_A)
          - (d+c_2\tan\varphi_A)\sin L_i(t_A)) }
\over
{1+ {R \over N}\sum_{i=1}^N\xi_i(c_2\sin L_i(t_A)-d\cos L_i(t_A))}}
\end{eqnarray}
  ,    $N$     
 (5.5.7) --  .   ,   -- 
    

$$
\frac{\sigma^2c_2}{N\gamma_A^2(s_2c_2 - d^2)\cos^2\varphi_A}.
$$

   $\xi_i$  ,     
 .       ,
   $N=30$  $p_N$ ,    
(5.5.7)  ,   $5 \cdot 10^{-3}$.  
$N$    : $p_{50} \le 2,5 \cdot 10^{-4},\;
p_{80} \le 4 \cdot 10^{-6},\; p_{100} \le 3 \cdot 10^{-7},\; p_{200} \le 8
\cdot 10^{-13},\; p_{300}\le 2,5 \cdot 10^{-18}.$

      (5.5.7) , ,  , ${\bf
E}\tan\varphi_{stat} \ne \tan\varphi_A$.     
   $F(x)$  
$\tan\varphi_{stat} - \tan\varphi_A$,   
   $\varphi_A$.   ,  
  ,    (5.5.7) 
,        $F(x)$:

$$
F(x) = {\bf P}(\tan\varphi_{stat} - \tan\varphi_A < x) = {\bf P}(\eta_x < x),
$$
   $\eta_x$  

\begin{eqnarray*}
\eta_x &=&
\frac RN \sum_i
\xi_i((s_2+d(\tan\varphi_A+x)\cos L_i(t_A)) - \\
&-& (d+c_2(\tan\varphi_A+x) \sin L_i(t_A))).
\end{eqnarray*}

   ,   $\xi_i$   
 $\sigma^2$,    $\eta_x$  
  ,  ,  


\begin{equation}
{\bf D}(\eta_x) =
\frac{R^2\sigma^2}{N}(c_2s_2 - d^2)(s_2 + 2d(x + \tan\varphi_A)
+ c_2(x + \tan\varphi_A)^2).
\label{5.5.8}
\end{equation}

,

\begin{equation}
F(x) = \Phi (x/\sqrt{{\bf D}(\eta_x)}),
\label{5.5.9}
\end{equation}
 $\Phi(x) = (2\pi)^{-1/2} \int_{-\infty}^x \exp (-u^2/2)\,du$.

       $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$ ,
 ,     $\gamma_A$ 
$\varphi_A$.       , 
      .    
     ,  
 (5.5.5), (5.5.6), (5.5.8), (5.5.9).

          
  ,      
$\gamma_A$.     , 
,   .   
  $\gamma_A$, --        --
   $\gamma_{stat}$.   , 
       $\gamma_A$,  
  $\gamma_{stat}$?

         ,  
  ,  ,   
,     $\gamma_A$  . 
    $\varepsilon$.   
    $1 - \varepsilon$.  
$\gamma_{stat}$      ,
  (5.5.5)  (5.5.6).    $x > 0$ 

$$
{\bf P}(|\gamma_{stat} - \gamma_A| < x) =
\Phi(\sqrt{{\bf D}_\gamma}\,x) - \Phi(-\sqrt{{\bf D}_\gamma}\,x).
$$

  $\varepsilon/2-$  
$x_\varepsilon$  

$$
\Phi(\sqrt{{\bf D}_\gamma}\,x_{\varepsilon})
- \Phi(-\sqrt{{\bf D}_\gamma}\,x_{\varepsilon}) = 1 - \varepsilon,
$$
,   ,  
$\Phi(-\sqrt{{\bf D}_\gamma}\,x_{\varepsilon}) = \varepsilon/2$.

 

\begin{equation}
I_{\gamma}(\varepsilon) =
(\gamma_{stat} - x_{\varepsilon},\; \gamma_{stat} +
x_{\varepsilon})
\label{5.5.10}
\end{equation}
     $\gamma_A$
   $1 - \varepsilon$.    , 
${\bf P}(|\gamma_{stat} - \gamma_A| \ge x_{\varepsilon}) = \varepsilon$.

       $x_{\varepsilon}$ ,  ,
  ${\bf D}_\gamma$,     
 $\sigma^2$  $\varphi_A$.      
 ,  $\sigma^2$     ${\bf
D}_\gamma$     

$$
\sigma^2_0(\gamma_{stat}, \varphi_{stat}, t_A)
=
\frac1N
\sum_{i=1}^N(\Delta B_i(t_A) - \gamma_{stat} \sin(L_i(t_A) +
\varphi_{stat})\bigr)^2,
$$
  (5.3.3),
  $\varphi_A$ --  $\varphi_{stat}$.  $t_A$ 
   ,     
      $t$  ,  
  $\gamma_{stat}(t), \varphi_{stat}(t)$  ,
        $t$.

       $\varphi_A$
   $1 - \varepsilon$.  
$I_{\varphi}(\varepsilon)$  :
$$
\left(\varphi_{stat} - \frac
                 {y_{\varepsilon}}
     {1 +\tan^2 \varphi_{stat} - y_{\varepsilon} \tan \varphi_{stat}}\;,
\varphi_{stat}+\frac
            {y_{\varepsilon}}
 {1 + \tan^2 \varphi_{stat} + y_{\varepsilon}\tan \varphi_{stat}} \right),
$$
 $y_{\varepsilon}$ --  
$F(y_{\varepsilon}) - F(-y_{\varepsilon}) = 1 - \varepsilon$,
    $F$   (5.5.9),  
$\varepsilon/2-$   .

  .        $\gamma$
 $\varphi$  ,    ,  
  ,   ,   
    .  , 
   $\gamma_{stat}$  ,   
  ,     - 
  .

          ,   
$\gamma_{stat}$     .  
     .  
   ,   .
 $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$,   
   $t_0$. ,  1900 ,   
   .   
$\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$    ,
  ,      
,     1900 .     
   ,    $t$ 
.      , 
,        ,  
   $\gamma$  $\varphi$    
  $t$.   ,  
  , --     
$\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$.

                      6. 

      1.      
        .
 ,     , 
  ,  , $\gamma$  $\varphi$,
 $\gamma$  $\beta$.

      2.       
     .

      3.        ,
         
 .

      ,       $t$, 
 $\varphi(t)$  $\gamma(t)$   
.    $\varphi_{stat}(t)$  $\gamma_{stat}(t)$
  (5.3.6)  (5.3.7) .

     4.   $\gamma_{stat}(t_1)$  $\gamma_{stat}(t_2)$ 
       
$\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$.

     5.      
    $I_\varphi(\varepsilon)$ 
$I_\gamma(\varepsilon)$     $\varphi(t)$ 
$\gamma(t)$.  .  (5.5.11)  (5.5.10) .

     ,  .5.8,    
 1551 .

                            6.
           .

                     1.  .

         ,      
       
        
.   ,     
    ,      .
,      ,   2
 4.

           
   ,    5.  
,  ,        
       
 ,     . 
          
    .  ,
        
  $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$.

  ,       
--     .     --
,    $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$
       
  ,      
 ,      .

      ,     
  .  , ,   
 .      
      , 
  .

              2.    .

    2.1.      
                        .

      2      , 
   ,    " " 
 , .6.1.

             
 864    .  864  
   1000      .
-,  ,    2,  
   -,   ,   
 . -,    -"", 
  .  .6.1    --
           
        "".  
      ,    
  .

    .6.1,     
 .       12 
 .   ,    $A$  
  .  , 
    $A$ -  . 
       2.    
,  $A$     . ,
 ,       $N$  
 $P$.

   ,   $A$, , 
   .   ,   
  $A$,    .    
     .   ,
    $A$,   ,    
 ,   .   ,    
, -- 6  12- --    ,   
   .     , ,
, , .    
.

     2.2.        
                     .

             
     .   5 , 
      
 $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$.   
       (5.3.6)  (5.3.7).

     (5.3.6)  (5.3.7)  
$\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$       
.       
    .6.2.   ,    
     $P(t)$  
 .

   .6.2     ,  
    $B$       $t=10$,
  $P(10)$.     
$\gamma_{stat}^{}(10)$.       , 
  $D(10)D'(10)$,        .5.4 
.5.5,  $\varphi_{stat}^{}(10)$.  ,   $t$
    ,    $B$    
--  ""  .6.2   $\gamma_{stat}$ 
$\varphi_{stat}$.

   .6.2     $\gamma_{stat}(18)$ 
$\varphi_{stat}(18)$     .    
   " "    
.  ,          
 $\gamma_{stat}(t), \varphi_{stat}(t)$   $t$.
.   5.4.   ,  .6.2  
$\sigma_{init}(18)$   $\sigma_{min}$ 
 ,     .
.  (5.3.2), (5.3.3).    5.4  , 
$\sigma_{min}$        $t$, 
     .  ,
$\sigma_{min}$     , 
     .

       ,    
     
$\gamma_{stat}(t),\varphi_{stat}(t)$,   
      .
          .
, ,      .

   $t=18$   .6.2     
    .

  ,  .6.2    
   .   $p_{init}(18)$ -- 
 ,     100-  .. $(t=18)$
    $10'$.  , $10'$ --   
  .   $p_{min}$ --   ,
     $10'$  
 .     
        .

     .6.2    
         
,         ,
  $C$, ""      
.  ,       $C$
  $t \approx 10$,    $\approx 900$  ..  ,
  ,   " "  
     .   
      ,  
         .

     .6.2  ,    
   $A, Zod A, Zod B$     
,  ,      , -,  
   .       
  . ,  ,  
 $$  ,    .6.2,  
     $A, Zod A, Zod B$.   
     $M$    --  $D$.
-,   $M$  $D$   
, ,     $Zod A$.   "" 
.6.2   $C$.

           2.3.   .

       ,     
   $\gamma$  $\varphi$   
  $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$.   
    $\gamma$  $\varphi$.
        5.5.

        .  
        
$t$  $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$, $1 \le t \le 25$.
     ',  
    $I_\gamma(\varepsilon),
I_\varphi(\varepsilon)$    $\varepsilon=0,1$. 
     (5.5.10)  (5.5.11).

      .6.3, .6.4, .6.5, .6.6,
.6.7, .6.8, .6.9.      
      $\varepsilon$
      , -- 
$t=7$(1200 ...)  $t=18$(100 ...) --   .6.3.  
     
$I_\gamma(\varepsilon)$.  ,   
  $\gamma$    $t$ 
  $\gamma_{stat}(t)$.  .  5.5.
  $I_\varphi(\varepsilon)$  $\varphi$
,  ,  
$\varphi_{stat}(t)$,      .  
       
$\varphi_{stat}(t)$   .  
$x_\varepsilon^\gamma$     
$I_\gamma(\varepsilon)$,   $x_\varepsilon^\varphi$ --
  $I_\varphi(\varepsilon)$.

     ,   .6.2  .6.3,  
 .       
  $Zod A$.    ,   
       
   $12,8'$.    ,  
64\%        $10'$.

            
 $A$.       
    $16,5'$.  
 ,     $10'$,   
    50\%.

       $I_\varphi(\varepsilon)$ 
$I_\gamma(\varepsilon)$    $Zod A$  $A$  
 . .  .6.3.        $Zod
A$ ,    $A$.        
.      ,   . 
 ,    .

      .6.2   
   $10'$.    --   .

          
     $B$  $Zod B$.   
  .    
  $19'$.    
 $10'$   44\%   .  
,       ,  " " 
     $A$  $Zod A$,    
       $\varepsilon
\approx 0,01$.   ,      
$B$  $Zod B$        $A$  $Zod A$.
 ,    $A$  $Zod A$   
,     $B$  $Zod B$.    
,   .

         $C, D, $    ,  
  $A$  $B$.   ,     
$\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$     
$\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$    $A, Zod A, B$  $Zod
B$     $\varepsilon$.   ,   
  $C, D, $     ,
       $A, Zod A, B$ 
$Zod B$.

       .6.2  .6.3     , 
     ,   -
.       ,
   5.     .6.10.

       $(\gamma, \varphi)$ 
    $\sigma^2(\gamma,\varphi,t)$, .
 (5.3.9).      
$R(\varepsilon)$,    $I_\gamma(\varepsilon)$ 
$I_\varphi(\varepsilon)$.  .6.10  --  .
  ,     
$(\gamma, \varphi)$    ,  , 
$1-2\varepsilon$.   $\sigma^2_{max}(\varepsilon)=\max \sigma^2(\gamma,
\varphi,t)$,       $(\gamma,\varphi)\in
R(\varepsilon)$.   $\sigma_{max}(\varepsilon)$ 
, --    $1-2\varepsilon$, -- 
 ,   $\sigma_{max}(\varepsilon) - \sigma_{min}$
     -
   $\gamma$  $\varphi$ 
$\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$.

      .6.4    $A$  $Zod A$  
$a_{11}, a_{12}, a_{22}$   $t=18$,   
 .     (5.3.9), 
 $\gamma$     ,  $\varphi$ -- 
.     
$\Delta\sigma=\sigma_{max}(\varepsilon)-\sigma_{min}$,  
""  $\varepsilon=0,1$  $\varepsilon=0,005$.  , 
 , ,    .  
       $A$  $Zod A$, 
 ,    $B$  $Zod B$ --  .   ,
    $1-2\varepsilon=0,99$   
 ,    $Zod A$,  
  ,     $B$  $Zod B$.

          $A$.  
$\sigma_{max}^A$    $A$   $\sigma_{min}^{}$,  
    $\varepsilon \le 0,01$.   
      $A$  $B$  
 ,  ,   .
  ,        $Zod A$, 
        $A$,    
  $\varepsilon$  $\sigma_{max}$, 
 Zod A,  ,  $\sigma_{min}$,    
$A$.

     , .6.3 ,   $\varphi_{stat}$ 
 ,   ""   
 $C, D, M$.       
$I_\varphi(\varepsilon)$.  ,   $C$   
  180 !

            3.    .

     3.1.       
                     .

         . 
$\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$,   ,
    .  
  ,   
    .    
,   ,      
 ,   ,   .  
   $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$  
        
  .

      ,      
$\varphi_{stat}$,    2,  .  
       
$\varphi$,   ""  $\varphi_{stat}$.  ,
 ,   $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$  
 ,  , $\gamma_{stat}$   ,
     --   
,  $\varphi_{stat}$ --     
 .       
,  , ,   
  --  , .   1.    
         
.     ,   
    ,   
   .     $\varphi$  
.          
     .

            
        
   $Zod A$.


    3.2.      
                      .

         21    .
    .6.5,   
  .6.1.     
   .    
,     .   
    , --  , 
, --    , -  
  .

         
  .  -   $G$  
      $\gamma_{stat}^G$ 
$\varphi_{stat}^G$.      
   $\sigma_{min}^G$.    -- 
 $p_{min}^G$,      $t=18$, 
    $10'$.   
  ,    $\gamma_{stat}^G$
 $\varphi_{stat}^G$  ,     
   .

   ,  $\sigma_{min}^G$    
     $G$.   
        $\gamma_{stat}^G$
 $\varphi_{stat}^G$. ,  $\gamma_{stat}^G$ 
$\varphi_{stat}^G$     $\gamma_{stat}$ 
$\varphi_{stat}$,     ,  
  $G$.  ,      $G$
       ,  
  

$$
\sigma_{min}^G \approx \sigma_1^G,
$$
 $\sigma_1^G$ --     
$G$       $\gamma_{stat}$ 
$\varphi_{stat}$.   ,    
,  $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$ -- "" 
.    ,   
 $p_{min}^G$   $p_1^G$ --    $G$,   
 $10'$      
$(\gamma_{stat}^G,\varphi_{stat}^G)$  $(\gamma_{stat},\varphi_{stat})$.
   , 

$$
p_{min}^G \approx p_1^G,
$$
   ,   $G$     
,        .
,       
,      . 
,       ,  
  .      
     ,  .

       $\sigma_1^G$  $p_1^G$    $G$
     $t=18$.   ,  
       
,      $10'$  ,  
   ,     
   $Zod A$.   --   ,
     $\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}$ 
$\varphi_{stat}^{Zod A}$.

        ,  
   $10'$,   $G$   
,  $t=18$     $\sigma_{init}^G$ 
$p_{init}^G$.

       $\sigma_1^G$    
$\sigma_{min}^G$ ,    ,   
   $G$      
 $Zod A$.   $p_1^G$  $p_{min}^G$  
       .
,   $\sigma_{min}^G$  $\sigma_1^G$   
          
 .        ,
  10-    .

     .6.6     .  
  .6.11  .6.12. .6.11   
 $\sigma_{min}^G$  $\sigma_1^G$,    $p_{min}^G$  $p_1^G$
    .   
$Z1,\dots,Z12$.   .6.12    
   .    $S1,\dots,S9$.
 ,     ,  
,       
 .       
,     .    
    ,  , 
   .   
 .

   3.3.        
           
             ,      .

        .6.6 ,  
    $Zod A$, --  , , , , ,
, , --     
.    $\sigma_1$     
   $10'$,   ,  
  $(\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}, \varphi_{stat}^{Zod A})$,
    $\sigma_{min}$  $p_{min}$, 
      
.      " "
 ,    $\sigma_{init}, \sigma_{min}$ 
$\sigma_1$   $10'$,  $p_{init}=p_{min}=p_1=83,3$\% . 
 ,      $10'$. 
$p_{init}=p_1=p_{min}$  .     
    $\gamma$     
.

            $Zod B$  
     .    \'
. ,      
     ,     $Zod B$  
   .   ,    ,
   .    
 ,  $\sigma_1$    
$\sigma_{init}$  (,   $\sigma_{min}$  
$\sigma_{init}$ ),  $p_1 \gg p_{init}=p_{min}$,  
      $Zod A$  
,  72,7\%,       
  .

      ,      
, .     $\sigma_{min}$
  $\sigma_{min} \ll \sigma_{init}$,   
,     ,    $Zod A$,
        $\sigma_1 \ll
\sigma_{init}$.      $p_1 \gg p_{init}$,
$p_{min} \gg p_{init}$.      
 , , , , , , .

       $\sigma_{min}$   $\sigma_{init}$, ,  ,
$\sigma_{min} \le \sigma_1 \le \sigma_{init}$     
  ,    $Zod A$,  .
       (  ,
       ), , ,
, .       
,    $Zod A$,     
        , 
 $Zod A$.        
,     --  , 
  .     ,  
$\sigma_{init}=23,2', \sigma_{min}=18,1', \sigma_1=20,6', p_{init}=27,6\%$,
$p_{min}=p_1=41,4\%$.      
 .    $p_{min}<p_{init}$,  $p_1<p_{init}$  ,
 $\sigma_{init} \approx \sigma_{min} \approx \sigma_1$.

       3.4.     
              .

            
.        .  
     ,
    $Zod A$,   . -,
-     .     -
 ,  $15,2'$  $25,9'$. -,   
   .   --  40\%  13,3\%,  
 --  47,4\%  15,8\%.    ,  
,       
,  ,      
$Zod A$.  ,      
.        
.

        ,  ,   
,    ,  ,   
, , , ,   
 , --  ,   
, --    ,  
  $Zod A$.     $p_1$ ,  
  $10'$,      
 $p_{init}$.    , 
   ,  ,  
        
        ,
    $Zod A$.     
 ,  64,3\%,      ,
""  10-  .   ,
       35,7\%,   ,
   , -- 14,3\% !  
 , ,   
  .    
  ,     $Zod A$, 
     10-  .
 ,        
 .   . ,   
      $Zod A$.

  3.5.    ,  
        $Zod A$,     .

             
  $\sigma_1$  $p_1$   $\sigma_{min}$
 $p_{min}$ (     $\gamma_{stat}$),
  ""  $\varphi_{stat}$  . 
    .  - 
.    ,  ,
,  6  .      
$\sigma_2$  $p_2$,   .   
--    .  --   
,      $10'$.  
    $\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}$, 
  $Zod A$,   $\varphi^{(2)}$,   
  $\sigma_2$.   ,   $G$ 

$$
\sigma_2^G = \sigma_2^G(t) =
\min_{\varphi} \sigma^G(\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}, \varphi, t), \qquad\qquad
\varphi^{(2)} = \hbox{arg}\min_\varphi \sigma^G(\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A},
\varphi, t).
$$

      .6.7,  .6.6.  ,   
    .  .6.7  
$\sigma_1$  $p_1$  $\sigma_2$  $p_2$.    
  .6.13,  .6.11.   ,    
,     $\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}$ 
     $Zod A$   
$\varphi$      $\sigma_2$, 
  $\sigma_{min}$,    $\sigma_{min}$.   
 $p_2$    $p_{min}$,   $p_{min}$.  ,
           $Zod B$.

        ,    
$\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}$    ,
       
  $Zod A$,    .  ,  
.    $\varphi_{stat}^{Zod A}$   
   ,    
  .   ,  $\varphi_{stat}$ 
      .

                         4. .

       1.  ,  '  
   $A$  $Zod A$     
   ,  ,  , 
      ,    .

       2.      
,       
 $C, D, , , Zod B$      
$A$  $Zod A$.         $C, D,
M$          $A$ 
$Zod A$.       $B$  $Zod B$   
  ,      
    .

       3.       $A$  $Zod A$ 
  ,     .

        4.     
  $Zod A$    $12,8'$.   
2/3           $10'$,
 ,        
  10  .      $A$
 $16,5'$  1/2.

        5.      
     ,   $\gamma$, -
    , --   
.    $\varphi$    
    .

        6.    $\gamma$   , ,
, , , , , ,  ,
, , ,      
 $\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}$,     
  $Zod A$,     .

       7.        
      .   
      $Zod A$,     .
          
.

       8.        
   ,     $Zod A$. 
     .     , 
 ,    $\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}$.

                             7.
             .
               .

        1.    --   
                         .

       ,    2--6,
        
     .

       ,     
,       $10'$, 
           $$.
     .

          
       .
 ,       
.        
     ,     .

             
,      
   , .   1.  ,   
,     ,    
      ,  
'      .

      ,    ,  
         .

    ,       . 
,         ,  
     . 
 ,     
  .  ,   , 
 :  , , , ,
,  = , , , ,  = ,
, .

     [1120]    ,    
    . ,   
.         .
  :  = $\alpha$ Tau, ,   .
   --   ,  , , , .
-,        
  .    , ,   
.4.3.

       -- .   
         .
  ,       
  ,   -- , , 
--      .

            $Zod A$,
     .  -- , , ,
, , , .    
   $A$,  ,    
    =   .   , 
  12     ,  ,  , 
   .

    ,       ,
  .    .

    1)         
     . , 
  ,      
 ,  1 .

    2)  ,  
,  .     
 [1339].

    3)          
,     6   .  
     ,    
.  ,     
  .

     ,       
 8  ,     
.   ,    $\gamma$.  
  \underline{ }   .

      .  
    ,  
      , 
  .

              .

          ,    
     .  
,        
     , , -
        .
 ,        
 ,     ,  ,
 ,  ,        
   .  ,  
  .   ,
-,      ,    
.  ,  ,    
   .       
 ,    $10'$,   
  .

        ,        ,
     ,    
   , 
 .

          2.    
           .

       1   , 
    .   
  .     
  12   .  
, -,  ,  
       
 . -,    
,  3    12, --  , ,  
 = , --    . ,
          
"".      12  
       [1339],
, -, .    $\Delta B_i(t,
\gamma, \varphi)$    $i-$   
     ($\gamma, \varphi$)
   ,     $t$.

     1. ,     
         (
, $10'$)  ,    
  . .7.1    
  12       
  $t$.           
   ( ).   
   .

      .7.1 ,   7  12   
        $t$ 
 $10'$.   ,   
 100  ..  (  )  200   ..
(  ),       , 
     ,   $30' -
40'$. ,        
   ( )   
  . ,    , 
       
           
     .  
,      
        
   $10'$. ,      
,  ,  , --    
    ,     
 (.   VII.2  [1358]), -   
 $5'$,        
.

       ,   
, .  6.    $\gamma$  
      $t$      
,    $\varphi$   ,   
 $\gamma_0=21', \varphi_0=0$.   $\gamma_0=21'$ 
  $\gamma(t)$   $t$   .

      .7.2,  .7.1,    , 
       
     ,  
 $\gamma_0=21'$  $\varphi_0=0$.

    .7.2  .7.1 ,   
      
       . 
        $5'$  
        . 
   ,      
. .  VII.2   [1358].  , 
   $6 \le t \le 10$, --    900  .. 
1300  .., --     8  12   
 $10'$ --    .     ,
    $A$ ,     6 
      .

     ,    .  
,       $\gamma$ 
$\varphi$.         
 .

     2.     
     .  
    $t$      $\gamma$  $\varphi$
   $\Delta B_i(t, \gamma, \varphi)$ 
 $E$  , $1 \le i \le n$.   
       
 $E$:  $F_{t, \gamma, \varphi}(x) = (1/n)\,\# \{i\colon |\Delta
B_i(t, \gamma, \varphi)| \le x\}$,  $n$ --     $E$.
       
  $t, \gamma, \varphi$,     
  ,       
 $E$  ,   .  
       $t, \gamma, \varphi$
    . ,   12 ,
 -     ,   
     "  ".

         ,
     $F_{t_1, \gamma_1,
\varphi_1}(x)$  $F_{t_2, \gamma_2, \varphi_2}(x)$,   
.      ,   
,     ,   ,
       ,   -
, .7.1.    $F_{t_0, \gamma_0,
\varphi_0}$,  ,  ,   
$F_{t, \gamma, \varphi}$,      
 $E$.  $t_0$     ($\gamma_0$,
$\varphi_0$)        
      , 
.

          
    XVI  --   .
       13
     .   
  $F_{t, \gamma, \varphi}$  $\gamma=\varphi=0$  
   $t$:  $t=3$ --    1600  .., $t=3,5$
-    1550  ..,  $t=4$ --    1500  ..
   .7.2.     ,  
       
($\gamma=\varphi=0$)     
$t=3,5$,    1550  ..   ,  
  ,     13  
 ,    .   1550 
       
,  ,   XVI .

        13     .   
,  , , , , ,  = ,
,   ,      
.  ,    :  = $\beta$ Cas,
 = $\beta$ Leo,  = $\beta$ Gem   = $\beta$ Peg.

          $F_{t, \gamma,
\varphi}$    $E$,   12  
, .  1.  .7.3   
  $t=5$ --    1400  .., $t=10$ --   
900  .., $t=18$ --    100  ..  $t=20$ --  
 100   ..,   $\gamma$.   $\varphi$ 
  ,    $\varphi$  
.   $t=10$,   900  ..,  $\gamma=21'$
 ,  ,    .

         $F_{t, \gamma, \varphi}$ 
        .
      
       13 ,  
     , .7.4. 
$t=10, \gamma=21'$       . 
.7.4      $\gamma=21'$ 
$\gamma=0$,   ,  ,   ,
  $\gamma=21'$,  , -- , ,
  , --     $\gamma=0$.
 ,  $\gamma=21'$ "",  $\gamma=0$,  
  $t$   .

    3.       
   ,      
.  ,     (   
)     .    
        ,
     , .1.2 (
.1.3)   1.    ,  ,  
,       XVII--XIX .   , 
         .
,      .1.2   1   , 
 ,     [1197]  .   
       .1.2   1.
   [1197]      .
   37.    .7.3.

     , ,     
     .   
,   .   " ",
  37  ,   .7.3. 
.7.5 ,        37
      .  
  ,   ,  
     $\gamma$   $\pm
5'$    1 .   $\beta$   
 $\pm 30'$    1 .   
     
$\gamma$  $\beta$.     ,  
    400  ..,    .
      18
.         2 , 
   10\%,    ""   1800 
(!)  600   ..   1200  ..  ,  
 .   --    37
      .  
     
    . ,   
   ,    ,  
,  ,  .      
 .

    .7.6, .7.7     
     " ", 
     , , 10  20 .
      $\gamma
= 20'$.       
      . 
10-          
 .  20-    11  16 .
        
    .

     .7.8     
,    .7.5.     
     ,   
        30
. ,       .  
      .  ,   
   37     
,     . 
        
.   ,       
    .    
,       
.

        .7.8    
   700--1600  ..    
.

           
  . ,    .
           
    
   .  , 
  -    
  .     .

             3.   .

             3.1.   .

             
   10      2  
 ,     .   , 
       
   ,    . 
        
.

          
 ,   .   
,        
10-   .   ,    
   6    .
     .

    )    $1-\varepsilon$.

    )     $t$    
$I_\gamma(\varepsilon)$   $\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}(t)$
    $Zod A$.   

\begin{equation}
\Delta(t) = \min \Delta(t, \gamma, \varphi),
\label{7.3.1}
\end{equation}

     $\gamma \in I_{\gamma}(\varepsilon)$ 
  $\varphi$.   

$$
\Delta(t, \gamma, \varphi) =
\max\limits_{1 \le i \le 8} |\Delta B_i (t, \gamma,\varphi)|
$$

        ,
    $t$.  ($\gamma$,
$\varphi$)  ,   ,  
, .3.14.

    )    $\Delta(t)$   
   $10'$,     $t$ 
     .   
       $t$.

     ,    
      $1-\varepsilon$. 
      
$\varepsilon$.    .

     3.2.    $\Delta$   $t, \gamma,
                 \varphi$  .

        8    
     $\Delta(t, \gamma,
\varphi)$    .      
   .7.9  .7.10.    
     $t$. 
  $t=1\dots 18$.    $t$ 
  ,    $t=1$. , 
 $t=1$  1800  ..,  $t=18$ --  
.        $\gamma$, 
   --  $\varphi$.

         , 
$\Delta(t,\gamma,\varphi)\le10'$.

        
$10'<\Delta(t,\gamma,\varphi)\le15'$.

     ,  ,  
$15'<\Delta(t,\gamma,\varphi)\le20'$.

         
$\Delta(t,\gamma,\varphi)>20'$.    
  
$\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}(t), \varphi_{stat}^{Zod A}(t)$.

        ,  ""  
,     
  ,   $10'$,   
  $6 \le t \le 13$,      600  1300
 ..

    ""   ,   
,   $15'$,    $4 \le t \le 16$.
   ""   $7 \le t \le 12$.  
$t>18$    , 
  ,    
,  $\Delta(t, \gamma, \varphi) \le 20'$.  ,  ,
     ,    
.   ,      
100  ..   ,  $\Delta(t)$    
         10
.     100  .. 
$\Delta(t)$      
  $, Zod A, , Zod B$     
      $$,     
 .    ,   
 ,    , ,   
  .     
   . , 
   100  ..    
.    .

     , .7.9  .7.10 ,     
($\gamma$, $\varphi$)   ,  
   8       $10'$ 
  600  ..      $15'$, 
    ,    300  ..

       3.3.     .

       $t$   $\alpha=10'$  
  $S_t(\alpha)$  $\gamma$  

\begin{equation}
S_t(\alpha) = \{\gamma:\min_{\varphi} \Delta(t, \gamma, \varphi) \le
\alpha\}.
\label{7.3.2}
\end{equation}

    $S_t(\alpha)$    .   
  $t$   $S_t(\alpha)$  
 $I_\gamma(\varepsilon)$,   
$\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}(t)$.     ,  
      
  $t$     .
    $t$    
 .

     $S_t(\alpha)$    
 .7.11.      $S_t(\alpha)$ 
$\alpha=10'$.      $\alpha=15'$.
   .

       $\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}(t)$
   6, .6.8.   
$I_\gamma(\varepsilon)$,   $\varepsilon$, 
 .6.3.  .7.11 ,   $\varepsilon=0,1$,
$\varepsilon=0,05, \varepsilon=0,01, \varepsilon=0,005$ 
      :  $6 \le t \le 13$.

           ,
  ,      
  600  ..,    1300  ..

           3.4.   .

          
  700 .  , 1300--600=700. 
      .

     .      
,        10 .
        
.   ,       8
  ()     $10'$  
260 .   .       .

         ,     
      $\gamma$
 .      $\Delta(t, \gamma,
\varphi)$    $\varphi$. .   (7.3.1) 
(7.3.2). ,        
  .   ,     
$\varphi$ ( ,   $\gamma$)  ,   
 $\varphi$    .    
  $\min\limits_{\varphi} \Delta(t, \gamma, \varphi)$, 
 --     . , 
 ,     ,  
$\varphi$       
.

  4.       .

          
     7.2.  ,  
         
    .    ,  
       
.   ,      8-
  ,      ,
 .

        . ,  
  .     , 
       
,   .    
       . 
    ,    .   , 
  ,     
    , ,  , , .
., , [1120], .247.   ,  , ,   ,
       
"vocatur...",   " ..." .  . .   , 
         
,      .  
 , ,   ,    $A, Zod A, B, Zod B$
       
  10 .     .      ,
,    ,   ,  . 
,  ,  ,     
       .    -- 
 ,       .
     .

           , 
      .  
       
      $A, Zod A, B, Zod B$.

   ,  ,  ,  , 
, "  ",     
 ?  , ,     .
  ,   ,  , 
" ".     ,   .
  ,   .   ,   .
  ,      " "
    .  ,
   .     
, ,  ,    .

        ,  
 "  ".      
 ,      .
      " ", 
 .   -  " ",  
,   .    ,     
   ,     
 ,    ,      , 
   " "   . 
 ,     " 
".  ,    ,  .

         .   
  ,     
     .   
.4.3.     68.  ,    
       .

      " "    
 .     
     .  ,
  $\gamma$    6.  
     $\pm 5'$    1 . 
 $\beta$     $\pm 20'$   
1 .       
     ,  
  $\gamma$  $\beta$.   
      
.     ,   
" ",     .7.12.

      900--1000  ..   5--6
 .  ,     
      $10' - 15'$. 
,    ,   , 
    $10'$  .    
    ,  , $10'$.

       II  ..,    
$12'$.  --      .  
 ..      . 
     " ",    II  
..     $14'$.

      " "      .4.3,
          5
.    9,   .
   $47 \delta$ Cnc (No. 3461   BS4, BS5).
    .  .7.13. ,
   ,      
 ,    ,    
,    ,  ,  
 ,     . , 
,  ,       ,  
     .  , -,
   " "  .

      ,   .7.13    .
     1000--1100  ..  
9--10  .    II  ..   
  .  100  ..   $15'$, 
  150\%   .

      " "     
.4.3,         10 .
   12,   .  $47 \delta$
Cnc     $14 o$ Leo (No. 3852), $8 \eta$
Boo (No. 5235), $26 \varepsilon$ Sco (No. 6241).

       .7.14.     
 .   .       
 .      3/4  
  .     900  ..  
$11'$.   100  ..      $14'$ 
.   .7.14,    
     400  1400 
..

      " "     
.4.3,         15 .
   15.     $78 \beta$
Gem (No.2990), $79 \zeta$ Vir (No.5107), $24 \mu$ Leo (No.3905). 
 .   .7.15.      800--900 
..   $10'-11'$.    100  ..   $12'$.
 ,      
.  -,    $15^o$  
        
,   " ".

   ,    " "   
.4.3,         20 .
   22,   .  
$112 \beta$ Tau (No. 1791), $60 \iota$ Gem (No. 2821), $68 \delta$ Leo
(No. 4357), $29 \gamma$ Vir (No. 4825), $27 \gamma$ Boo (No. 5435), $3
\beta$ CrB (No. 5747), $5 \alpha$ CrB (No. 5793).

       .7.16.     
400--800  ..   $22'-23'$.   
 ,      ,
 ,       $15^o - 20^o$
 .       
        .
    ..   $23'$,   V   ..
-- $24'$.   .

          .
     . ,  
      , 
      , 
        
 30-   .     
     . , 
      .  
  -     ,
    -- ,  .

          
    $\gamma$  $\beta$    ,
  .

    ,      , 
    ,   .  
  .7.17. ,    
   $9'$  800--900  ..,    
  ,    400   ..  100  ..,
   --  $12'$. ,  
   $9'$     800--900 
..,       $30'$,  
 .   ,    
     $9'-10'$, 
   ,    $30'$,  
 $3\sigma$.

           
  $20^o$  $25^o$.    - 
  ,        $30'$ 
  .   .  .7.18. 
    ,     
 .     
  800  1000  ..    $9,5'$.
  ,  $12,5'$,   400
  ..      ,   
 ..,      --  $12'$.
 ,   , --  21  24.  
     23 .

          $25^o$  $30^o$,
  .  .  .7.19. 
        800 
..      30 .     
     20  31 . 
 ..     $13'$ .    
   .

    .7.20, .7.21, .7.22   
 ,       ,   $35^o$,
$40^o, 45^o$.      40 .
       
   "  ".    
    , .

   . ,      
    20 .   
    ,   ,   600--1200 
..  , ,     ,
 "  "    ,  ,
    $20^o - 25^o$.      , 
   $t$   ,  30-
  ,    20 .    
     , .7.18.
    $9'$    800--1000
 ..    600-1200  ..    
   :  $9'- 9,5'$.    400   .. 
100  ..      $11,5'- 12'$.

    ,     $10'$  
         
    .   
        $A, Zod A, B,
Zod B, M$ --  , ""  ..  --   
        $20'$.  
     $Zod A$   . ,
,       ,  
  .4.3,     $Zod A$.  
 12,     .    8
  ,     20 . 
,       . 
,    $Zod A$  .  
     20 ,  
   ,   .7.23.  
     $23'$.   
  400  800  ..      $1'$,
    400   ..   1500  .. 
,      
  ,       
 .        
     .    , 
     $Zod A$ --  , 
      . , 
       $Zod A$  $12'
- 13'$.   ,  $23'$   20 .

   ,        
       
       . ,
     ,   
    $0,1''$       
.          
  .    .    
  1900 ,     
 ,   .   
 ,     .  
    BS4 [1197].

 1) 16Alp Boo (5340);\quad 2) 13Alp Aur (1708);\quad 3) 32Alp Leo (3982);

 4) 10Alp CMi (2943);\quad 5) 67Alp Vir (5056);\quad 6) 21Alp Sco (6134);

 7)  3Alp Lyr (7001);\quad 8) 43Gam Cnc (3449);\quad 9) 78Bet Gem (2990);

10) 47Del Cnc (3461);\quad 11) 14Omi Leo (3852);\quad 12) 24Mu Leo (3905);

13) 79Zet Vir (5107);\quad 14) 8Eta Boo (5235);\quad 15) 26Eps Sco (6241).

         5.     
         8- ,    .

     ,    ,  
    (),  
   ,    (Dennis Duke, Florida
State Univ.).      1999 ,  . (), 
,      
.        
  .

           
 .        
  72 ,      3. ,
   ,   .     72 
     8 ,     
      $10'$   
\'  $(t_1,t_2)$,    400   .. 
1600  ..   736   8    500
  .      
 $(t_1,t_2)$.      
" ",     ${t_1+t_2 \over 2}$.
,       
   ,       
600-900  .., . .7.24. ,   
    VII--X  ..

   ,   .,   ,
        
   .   ,    
  10-     ,  
,       . 
   400   ..  1500  .. ,
         
,  , 736 - .   
        "
"   $10'$  ,      
    ,  ,  
 .    ,  
 ,    ,  
.

     ,     
     .     
      . ,
      ,  
 .    
  .7.24   350 .  ,
       , 
    , .
.7.24,      
.    ,     
    .

    ,      800 .  
   ,        ,
         $800
\pm (3 \times 400)/ \sqrt{736},$      $800 \pm 45$ . 
      , 
     800-  ..
 ,  $\pm 45$ .   ,   ..
         
,  .

     6.     
                     .

    6.1.   ,   .

         ,  ,
 ,    ,  
   .    ,
        
.

              6.2.   .

      $\varepsilon$,   , 
  . ,     
    ,   , ,
$\varepsilon=0,1$,       0,1. 
 $\varepsilon$,    . 
    $\varepsilon$   
5  6. .,  , .6.3.

    ,       
  $\varepsilon$.   , --    
.7.11, --     $\varepsilon$,  \' 0,1,
        .  
     $S_t(\alpha)$ 
$\alpha=10'$.

    ,  ,     
 $\alpha$  ,   10 , 
,    ?  $\alpha=15'$.
.     .7.11.  ,
       .
        
$\varepsilon$   $t=3$,  , 1600  ..    
   $\varepsilon$,  ,  $\varepsilon=0,1$  
$t=16,3$,   270  ..,   $\varepsilon=0,005$  $t=16,5$,
  250  ..

      ,   ,   
  $\varepsilon$      
     .

       ,      
 $\alpha$.   --    
 ,  ,    $\alpha$  $10'$
(,  )  $15'$,   
  1,5 ,    
     ,  
    .

   6.3.      
                          .

             
.   ,  12      -- ,
,    = .      
 , ""   ,   
      ,    
       $Zod A$.    6
,         --    -
         
 $Zod A$.     , 
      .   
           
   $$.

     , ,     
 ,      
       :  ,
, , , , . .7.25,  .7.11,
 -- '   .   
 $\gamma$,      
  $10'$  $15'$,  , 
    ,  ,
 , --   10-   15- , --
 .    15-   
       8  
.     $\alpha=10'$    
   100 .

    ,      6  
 ,    $Zod A$,   
 ,   ,  
       500  ..

  6.4.   ,   
                     .

        .      
        ?
  ,      ,  
        .
     " " 
   .       , 
    .     
   , .   6.  ,   -
     , ,  ,
     .  , 
  ,      
       7 .  ,  
 . ,  ,  
      . .7.26
    .    , 
       , --  --
10-     300  .. ($t=16$)  
 $1 - \varepsilon = 0,95$  .      
   $1- \varepsilon = 0,99$, --    99\%, --  
  200  .,     99\%-  
      . 
        .

       15- .   100   ..
($t=20$)    $1-\varepsilon = 0,95$.    
$1-\varepsilon = 0,99$  200   ..,    
  " "   
.

     :        
$1-\varepsilon = 0,95$  10- ?  - -- .
 95\%      
.        
,      .    ,
   [273],   ,  
$\varepsilon=0,2$,        80\%.  
,       
.

      ,  ,     , 
   ,   
       :
      
 ,    I--II  ..

      7.    .

     ,    2--6,  
.       
 .     
      , 
,   ,      .
    
  .        
 ,       
    .

      "  "  
    ,   8
 :

\begin{equation}
\delta(t) = \min \Delta(t, \gamma, \varphi),
\label{7.7.1}
\end{equation}

      $\gamma$  $\varphi$.
     (7.3.1).    -- 
    $\gamma$.   (7.3.1) $\gamma$
    ,  
$\gamma_{stat}(t)$.  (7.7.1)    .
, $\delta(t) \le \Delta(t)$.

     $\gamma_{geom}(t)$  $\varphi_{geom}(t)$ 
$(\gamma,\varphi)$,     (7.7.1). 
   $\gamma_{geom}(t)$  $\varphi_{geom}(t)$
     .

 ,       3.  
     $\varphi$.  
  $\gamma$.   ,     , 
     $\varphi$  
.  , ,     
.           
 $(\gamma,\varphi)$.    $\gamma_{geom}(t)$
 $\varphi_{geom}(t)$ ,  ,  , 
     .  , 
     $t$.

        ,    
       $t$,  
$\delta(t) \le 10'$.     ,   .7.27,
.7.28, .7.29  .7.30  $\delta(t)$,   
 $\gamma_{geom}(t)$  $\varphi_{geom}(t)$.  
$\delta(t)$     (7.7.1),   
$\Delta(t,\gamma, \varphi)$    (7.3.1)  
  $\gamma$  $\varphi$.  .7.28    
 $\gamma_{geom}(t)$    . . 
6.      $(t, \gamma)$,  $\Delta(t,
\gamma, \varphi) < 10'$   $\varphi$.

       ,    
    ,   
  . ,  , 
,     $\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A},$
  \'    , 
       
.  , ,   \'   600
 ..  1300  ..     
      ,   
          
$10'$.

           
  $t$     8 
      $\gamma = 20'$
 $\varphi = 0$. . .7.31.      
  .7.25,     
   $t$    \' 
 0  .. $(0<t<19)$.    ,   $\gamma =
20'$   $\gamma_{geom}(t)$,  $\varphi = 0$  
$\varphi_{geom}(t)$     .  
$\varphi$   .

    .7.31  --      
      
$\delta(t)$      $t$.   .7.31
       
 $t=10$,    900  ..   
       
   ,  ,   ($\alpha$ Boo),
 ($\alpha$ Leo)   ($\alpha$ CMi).    
        
   ($\gamma$ Can)    .

           
 ,    ,   ,  
  "" . ,  --   
  -- , -,  ,
  ""-   . 
     ,     
""  .  --  ,   
       
  .

     8.     
   .    
                   .

    8.1.     
                 .

          
 $\varepsilon$.      
        
.        6. ,
    $10'$  $15'$ ,   
 6,         250
 ..         
,      $Zod A$,    ,
       100 ,  ,
   500  ..   1300  ..    
       
    200  ..  1600  ..

      ,       
,   ,  
  .     "" .

   ,     
      .

           
    .  
  , ,  , -- 
    .   
,         ,
      .

        $(\gamma, \varphi)$.  
    ,   
 , -- ,    ,  
    .., --   $\Delta$,  
  . ,    
$\Delta=10'$.

      ,  
   ,   
      $\Delta$.    
 ,   --   $\Delta$, 
. ,      ,   
   .  ,
,     ',  
  , .       
    .  ,   
   ,      
   .     .  
,        .

    ,  , ,   
   ,   
.        
.    .    
, ,  , --   
 , --   ?    
  ,      
 ?        .

        8.2.   .

       .  
  ,     ,
      .  
    .  
     ,   
        $A$, .7.32.
  $A$     , -- ,
.       .

     ,   $z$    
$P$,   $xy$    .     
,       .
        
$A$.     ,    $P$
  $A$.      ,   
.  .7.32    $A$  
 $AB$.

          
 ,     
      .
      .  
  ,     ,
      
    .    
    ,   
     ,
,   ,    $10'$.  
       ,
    ,  
 ,   .

        ,  
  ,  

$$
C = \left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
c_{11} & c_{12} & c_{13}\\
c_{21} & c_{22} & c_{23}\\
c_{31} & c_{32} & c_{33}
\end{array}
\right)
$$

      ,     
,  .     
 ,    ,  
,     ,
.7.33.  ,    
   ,   , 
 ,      
,    .    
  .7.33  $x', y', z'$.

   ,     ,  
    .  
  ( ),   $x, y,
z$      $x', y', z'$.  
       
 $\lambda_1, \lambda_2, \lambda_3$.  
    

$$
R = \left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
\lambda_1 & 0 & 0\\
0 & \lambda_2 & 0\\
0 & 0 & \lambda_3
\end{array}
\right)
$$

       $\lambda_1, \lambda_2, \lambda_3$ -- 
  .     
,      ,    
.

           8.3.    .

       ,   ,
 ,      
,     , 
  $R$.

     ,     ,  
 ,   
     , 
  $R$    $\lambda_1$,
$\lambda_2, \lambda_3$, .7.34. ,   $\lambda_i$ 
 \' ,      
  . ,    ,  
        (
   ),    ,   
 .    $i$   $\lambda_i
> 1$,    .   $\lambda_i < 1$,    
 .

      $\lambda_1, \lambda_2, \lambda_3$   
  .  .7.34   
 $O\lambda_1, O\lambda_2, O\lambda_3$.

  8.4.    "  ".

            
  ,    .  
.7.35      $O$,  $A$  
 $P$.    ,  , 
,   .7.35  .  
,     ,  .
    ,  ,   
  ,     $M$  .7.35.  
  $MP'$  90       
(),     .       
  ,  ,     
   .  ,  
 .    ,     ,
    .

        $A$,     $A'$
  " ".  ,   , 
 .      , , ,
       ,
    $A''$.     
 ,       , ,
, $\1 = lambda_1 > \lambda_3$,    .7.35.

     ,   $P'$   $P$ (  
$\1 = lambda_1 < \lambda_3$),      .
    $A''$    $A$   $PM$.
  ,   $A \to A''$, ,
.         
 .       .
,      - ,
,     ,    
.  , , --      , --
      .  
      
    $\lambda_1, \lambda_2$  $\lambda_3$.
 ,        
 .  .  8.2  8.3.   ,
     ,  
  .     .7.4.

   8.5.   ,  " 
                             ".

     ,      ,
   $\lambda_1, \lambda_2$  $\lambda_3$,  


$$
R = \left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
\lambda_1 & 0 & 0\\
0 & \lambda_2 & 0\\
0 & 0 & \lambda_3
\end{array}
\right)
$$

         
.  $\psi$ --    .  
       
$\psi'$.  $\Delta \psi = \psi - \psi'$  
 .      
 $\Delta \psi$       
  ,     .

     ,      ,
    .   ,  .7.36 ,
     $R$  $A$  
  $A''$.     $A$  
  $A''$.   ,  ,  
$OP$     $A$,   , 
  $OP$.      ,  
 $A$    $B$,   
 $A''$, .7.36.

       $R$ ,   
$OP$    $A$,    $OP$.   
      .
,     .  
      , .7.37.
   ,    
 $(x,z)$    

$$
R = \left(
\begin{array}{cc}
\lambda_1 & 0 \\
0 & \lambda_3
\end{array}
\right) \;,
$$
  $\lambda_1$  $\lambda_3$   $x$  $z$
.

      $A''$    
- $a=(x,z)$,   $B$ --
- $b = (\lambda_1x, \lambda_3z)$.   --
  $\Delta \psi$     $\psi$ 
  () $\lambda_1$  $\lambda_3$.


        8.6.     
                .

          , 
$\cos \Delta \psi$    $(a,b)$  $a$ 
$b$,     $b$.   , ,
   $OM$  1.     
  . ,

$$
\cos \Delta \psi = \frac{\lambda_1x^2 + \lambda_3z^2}
                    {\sqrt{\lambda_1^2x^2 + \lambda_3^2z^2}}.
$$
 $\lambda = \lambda_3/\lambda_1$  $\lambda = 1 + \varepsilon$. 

$$
\cos \Delta \psi = \frac{x^2 + \lambda z^2}{\sqrt{x^2 + \lambda^2z^2}}=
\frac{1 + \varepsilon z^2}
{\sqrt{1 + 2\varepsilon z^2 + \varepsilon^z^2}}.
$$
 $m = 1/\cos \Delta \psi$,  $m \ge 1$.   , :

$$
1 + 2\varepsilon z^2 + \varepsilon^2z^2 = m^2 + 2m^2\varepsilon z^2 +
m^2\varepsilon^2z^4.
$$


$$
\varepsilon = \frac{m^2 - 1}
{1 - m^2z^2} + \sqrt{\frac{m^2 - 1}{(1 - m^2z^2)z^2} +
\left(\frac{m^2 - 1}{1 - m^2z^2}\right)^2}.
$$

 $\Delta \psi$  ,  $m \approx 1$    

$$
m = 1/\cos \Delta \psi \approx 1 + (\Delta \psi)^2/2.
$$


$$
m -1 \approx (\Delta \psi)^2/2, \qquad 1 - m^2z^2 \approx 1 - z^2.
$$
,   $\Delta \psi$  

$$
\varepsilon \approx \sqrt{\frac{m^2 - 1}{(1 - m^2z^2)z^2}}
\approx \sqrt{\frac{(m -1)(m + 1)}{(1 - z^2)z^2}}
\approx \sqrt{\frac{(\Delta \psi)^2}{(1 - z^2)z^2}}
= \frac{\Delta \psi}{z\sqrt{1 - z^2}}.
$$
 $z = \sin \psi$  $\sqrt{1 - z^2} = \cos \psi$. . .7.37.
,   $\Delta \psi$ 

$$
\varepsilon\approx\frac{\Delta\psi}{\sin\psi \cos\psi} =
\frac{2\Delta\psi}{\sin 2\psi}\,
$$

  $\Delta\psi = \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\sin2\psi$.

        $\varepsilon$.
,  $\lambda_3/\lambda_1 = 1 + \varepsilon$,   
$\varepsilon$     .
        .
: $1^o = \pi/180; 1'=1^o/60 = 3,14/(60\cdot180) \approx 4,35 \cdot
10^{-4}$,    $1' \approx 0,00044$.

    ,     $\varepsilon$, -- 
   ,    , --
 ,      ,  
.   ,  $\sin2\psi$     
.    ,       
          
,  ,  ,   0    90 .
      ,  
    .

         
 . , , .   
.7.27,      
        
600--1300  ..  .  ,  
, "",   ,   ,
,    ,  ,   , ,
   ,  ?

   ,    "" ,
  ,        
  .  , ,  
 .        
.  ,   ,   ,  
  ?

     ,       . ,  
    . ,
 ,      
  ,      ..
,    ,    .  
   $35'$  0-  ..     ,
  $\varepsilon$?

       ,       
     .   
  ,    ,  
$30^o$--$40^o$.      ,
   31 .  ,  
 ,      
       
.    .7.31,    
 ,          
  $35'$. ,     
     , , 
   ?

      $\varepsilon$.   ,  $\Delta$
 ,   ,  $10'$.
,     ,   
$35'$  $10'$,      $25'$. 
,    $\varepsilon$,  $\Delta \psi$ 
$25'$.    $\Delta \psi = 0,01$.    $\varepsilon$
 , 

$$
\varepsilon \approx \frac{0,01}{\sin30^o \, \cos30^o} \approx 0,023.
$$

     , $\varepsilon$     0,04.  
        
    .     $\varepsilon$ 
! ,     50 ,  
   ,       51 .
 ,     1 !   
       . 
 ,       
  ,   .

     8.7.     "
                            ".

          , 
       , ,
,     . ,
     $A$    
  $A$    $\lambda = R_3/R_1$.  $R_1$  $R_3$ -
     . ,  
, $\lambda = 1 + \varepsilon$.   $\varepsilon=0$
  ,      
.  ,        
 .     .7.4,    
    45 .     
.  .7.4    $b'-b$,  $b$ --
   ,  $b'$ --  ,  
      $\lambda=1 + \varepsilon$.
 $b$  $\varepsilon$   .  
$b'-b$    ,   .

      .7.4 ,    , 
      
  .       
      ,
        
 : I-II  ..

                      8.8. .

     1)     ,
  ,       
   .

     2)      
$\varepsilon$        
  .

     3)     , ,
,      $\varepsilon$  $\Delta \psi$.

     4)      
    ,    
 ,      ..

     5)    , --   
 600--1300  .., --    
   .  , 
    ,    
      .

         9.     .

           
  . ,     
 ,   .     
      .

  ,        -- 
 ,     .  
      , ,
        
1000   ..  1900  ..,     ,
 .  --      
.

         
       .

  , ,    ,   
  ,   .

       $L_i(t, \gamma, \varphi)$   $i-$
        $\gamma$  $\varphi$.
 , ,      
 .    $\gamma$  $\varphi$.
 ,      ,  
6    ,    $Zod A$   
 .   -- , , , ,
, .       6  ,
    $\gamma$    $\gamma_{stat}^{Zod
A}$.

       $L_i(t, \gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}(t),
\varphi_{stat}^{Zod A}(t))$,      
      $t$.
,      ,  ,
. ,   , . : 
$\varphi$     .    ,  
,    . , 
 ,            
$\varphi_{stat}^{Zod A}$.   .    
  ,    , .
[1339].         ,
  .    $\tau$,
.  3.  -     
  ,   $\gamma$  $\varphi$.

      $\Delta L_i(t) = L_i(t, \gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}(t),
\varphi_{stat}^{Zod A}(t)) - l_i$.    
$\Delta L_i(t)$,         
  (    ) 
 "",    .
,      ,  
   $\tau$,  

$$
\Delta\overline L(t) = \frac16 \sum_{i=1}^6 \Delta L_i(t).
$$
 $\Delta\overline L(t)$    
  6-   . 

$$
\Delta L_i^0(t) = \Delta L_i(t) - \Delta \overline{L}(t).
$$
  $\Delta L_i^0(t)$     
.

    .7.38    $\Delta L_i^0(t)$  
  $t$     
.  ,    , --   
  $\Delta L_i^0(t)$  .   
 ""     "" 
.  ,       
  .       .  
  3000 , --  1100   ..  1900  .., --
   $17'$.     $5'$   . ,
       
 .

        .7.39   ,     
  .       
    .  ,  
:

$$
\Delta L_{max}(t) = \max_i|\Delta L_i^0(t)|, \qquad
\Delta L^0(t) = \max_i \Delta L_i^0(t) - \min_i \Delta L_i^0(t).
$$

           
     ,   .
    ,   . 
,     , --    
  .   $\Delta L_{\max}(t)$ 
   $t=15$,    400  ..,  
$\Delta L^0(t)$ --  $t=32,5$,    2350   ..  
    ,  , $\Delta L^0(t)
\ge 25'$,      , $\Delta L^0(t) \ge
30'$).  , $\Delta L_{\max}(t) \ge 17'$.     , 
        
.        
  .

     ,  ,    
    .  -,  
  . [614].  ,    
 - , .   2.    
    .   ,    
       
.  ,      
     . ,    ,
   ,    
   , -, .

          10.     ,
             .

       3       
    .   -- ,
  .  -- , 
 .  ,     
     . ,  
      .
 ,    ,  
.  -, --     .
-, --    ,   
  .  , -- ,  
,        .
,    .

           
  ,     . 
 ,      , 
        
  .   ,    .
 ,        
 :   .  ,  
       
,   .    , 
       
  .    
,  ,   .    --
    .

         , 
      8  6  
.

      $l_{ij}^A$ --    $i-$  $j$-
 .  $l_{ij}^t$ --   
"" ,     $t=1,\dots,25$.
  $n$     . 

\begin{eqnarray*}
m_2(t) &=& \frac2{n(n-1)} \sum_{i>j} (l_{ij}^t - l_{ij}^A)^2, \\
m(t) &=& \sqrt{m_2(t)}.
\end{eqnarray*}

  $m(t)$      
,     $t$   
 .    $m_2(t)$  m(t)  
    .  .7.40  
 $m_2(t)$  $m(t)$    8  ,  
.7.41 --    6   .

     ,          
$t=14$ (500  ..).  ,   $m(t)$  
$14'$,      $10'$    .
,   500  ..     
  .

   ""   --  500  .. --  
  ,      ,
 ,    ,    ,
    $t \approx 31$ (1200   ..). .
 9.  ,  1200   ..  
.     ,      
  ,      
  .  ,    ,
.7.38  .7.39.        $t=10$, 
  900  ..,     .   
      
$t=14$,    500  ..      
      ,     
.

                       11. .

      1)   ,   
   , --    
600  ..  1300  ..

      2)   ,  600-  ..   
         
10-       
.

      3)   ,    
  $10'$,  $15'$,      
  : I--II  ..,  
 .

      4)       
       
.

      5)      ,
       ,   
        
.

                           8.
             .

     1.      
        $\gamma$

      $\varepsilon(t)$       
  .     
   ,   ,  
  .    ,    
 .       
 ,      .  -
 , .  2  .    , 
 $\varepsilon(t)$      :

$$
\varepsilon(t) = 23^o 27' 8,2849'' + 46,8093''t + 0,0059''t^2 -
0,00183''t^3,
$$
  $t$  -- ,     1900  .. . .
 (1.5.3).

          
 $\varepsilon$,   ,   
. . ,  I.12 [1358].  ,
       $2\varepsilon$
 ,  $11/83$  ,   
  $\varepsilon_A=23^o 51' 20''$.  
$\varepsilon_A$    $\varepsilon$,  
.

           
       $\varepsilon$,
    . ,  ,  
..         $\varepsilon$,
  ,      
     ,   .
 , ,     $\varepsilon$
  ,     
   . ,   , 
    .  , 
        
.         6,
  $\gamma_{stat}(t)$    $t$. 
    $t$    ,  
  $\varepsilon(t)$   .  
       
 $0 \le t \le 25$.

      ,   
       $\varepsilon$  
,  ,     $\varepsilon$.
,   "",  ""  
     .    
     1/2.
   ,  , 
$\varepsilon$,    , 
  $\varepsilon(t)$    1200 
 .. .   6.  ,   
  .

     ,       
$t$,    ,       
$23^o 51' 20''$.  -- ,   . 
,        
   ,    (
   )   .  
,          $\pm \Delta
\varepsilon$,    ,  
     $\varepsilon$ 

$$
\varepsilon_A-\varepsilon(t) \pm \Delta \varepsilon = 23^o 51' 20''-
\varepsilon(t) \pm \Delta(\varepsilon).
$$

          , 
 6,   $\gamma_{stat}(t) \pm \Delta \gamma$ 
  $\gamma$,      $\gamma$,
     
     
 ,     $10'$ 
. .   7.       $6
\le t \le 13$.  .  7.   $\gamma_{stat}(t)$ 
,     $Zod A$, , 
 ,  $Zod A$    
  $\gamma$.    $\gamma$ 
  \',     , ,  ,
         $Zod A$,
   , .  7.

      .8.1    $\gamma_{stat}(t)
\pm \Delta \gamma$,     $Zod A$  
 $0,998$.     
$\gamma_{geom}(t)$    , 
      
   $10'$. .  7. , 
.8.1     
$\varepsilon=\varepsilon_A$,   ,   
 :  $\gamma_\Alm (t) =\varepsilon_A - \varepsilon(t)$.

      .8.1 ,   $\gamma_\Alm (t)$  
  " "  $(\gamma, t)_{geom}$  
    $\gamma_{stat} (t)$,   
 .    ,  
 $\gamma_\Alm (t)$   $2,5'$ .   
        
" " ,    
  .    $6,5'$  
$\gamma_\Alm (t)$    
$\gamma_{stat} (t)$,     " "
.      $\Delta
\varepsilon$   $\varepsilon_A$      
 ,     .  
.8.1      $2,5', 5', 10'$ 
1  ( )   ,  , 
 ..,  50 , 75   1 .

   .8.1 ,    $\Delta \varepsilon$  
$\varepsilon$   ,  $2,5'- 5'$  
   .      
 0,5--1,0 .

     ,      
     $\varepsilon_A$,
   .

          2.     .

      1.      [1339]  
 ,   ,   .
      "  ".
.  [1339], .6.         
 .       --    
    " ".

      2.    $\Pi$  $t=18$,
   100  ..     
 $Q(18)$.     360 ,
      ,
.8.2.       
    100  ..  
       ,  
.    .8.2  
,     ,  ,  
,       
.

           , 
  .   ,  , 
  $i-$      
   100  ..  [1339]    
   . , -,
 .       350 
.    [1339], .17,   
     218 ,  
  .     
 ,   [1339]  .   ,
     ,     .

            
,    .    
,     ,    
   .     
   ,    
 .       10  
    ,   
.     .8.3. ,   ,
   ,   
 .

           . 
     ,
  .8.3  .    
 .

         .

      3.      .
  ,   
     .  -
        
   ,    .

          $\Pi(t_0)$  
 $t_0$.  .8.4   
$Q(t_0)$,     .   
    $t=18$.      
$t_0$       
     .8.5.  
   $c(X, K(t_0,0,0))$. .  
.8.5.   .   ,  $X$
  .  $K(t, \beta, \gamma)$ 
   $K(t)$,  
     $t$,   $\beta$ 
$\gamma$. .  6.   , $K(t_0, 0, 0)$ -- 
,    ,  
      $t_0$,  
.

          6,  
     ,
    ,    
.       
    .
       ,
  --  .       6 
  ,      .  
   ,     .
      $s(X,
K(t, 0, 0))$. .    .8.5.  
    $A^*$ ()  $\varphi^*$
().

      4.     
.   ,       
 15 .     
 .       
     
.  .8.6   .  -,
--      $t_0$.  , 
 ,     
 . -, --    
$t_0$   .

     ,       
   $20'$.  --  $\gamma$ .
      $\varepsilon$, 
  23 .    , 
        ,
        23 .  
.8.6      
 .    ,   
  $10'$. ,  10  --  
  .   ,   $RQ$
  $10'$.    
 $WQ$   $10' \cdot \sin
20^o$,    $5'$.    $\varphi$, 
  $MQ$  .8.6,   $5' / sin20'$.
,  $15^o$.  ,   $MQ$  
   .     
  $Q(t)$      $\Pi(t)$.

     ,     
     , 
  "".

            
   $c(X, K(t, 0, 0))$ 
 $s(X, K(t, 0, 0))$.

         ,
     .  
      .
  , ,  ,   
      .
 5-   
, ,    10    
 $20'$       
  $5'$.   , --   1  
0, --   .8.7  ,  $OA$
   $OB$.   ,   $OA$ 
   ,    
1/6 ,   10 .     $AB$
 1/6  ,    $3,3'$.
 ,  3- 
     10-
  ,  .

      5.       
   ,  , 
,  $t_0$     6  13,  
  600  ..  1300  ..  
     $s(X,
K(t_0, 0, 0))$      .
,    600--1300  ..  
,      $t_0$.  ,
  $A^*$   $26'$,  $t_0=6$, 
$20'$,  $t_0=13$.    $\varphi^*$  
$-17^o$  $-18^o$,   
 $Q(t_0)$   $\Pi(t_0)$.  
 " "   
  $c(X, K(t_0, 0, 0))$,  $t_0$ -- 
  6  13.    \'
,    $t_0=9$.

     ,     $c(X, K(t_0, 0,
0))$  $t_0=9$      .  
,        .  
.8.8 ,    $c(X, K(t_0, 0,0))$  $t_0=9$
  .     $t_0=9$ .
  $24'$,   - $-17^o$.  .8.8  
 .     $X$   
      
 $A^*=24'$  $\varphi^*= -17^o$  $t_0=9$.   
     ,  
.8.8  .      
 .       
       .
,       , 
, ,  ,    .

     .      
,  , 600--1300  ..,   
    ,  
    .

      6.       
.       , ,
    ,     
,     $t=18$,    100
 .., .8.3.      
 ,      
,  $1,5^o$.      [1339]. 
     350  
.

          .8.9  .8.10,
   ,  ,  $t=18$,  
.    350 , 
 .     
$c(X, K(18,0,0))$.  ,   
    .8.3.   
    .8.9  
  .8.3.   ,   ,
.   , -,   
   ,  
.

    .8.10     $s(X,
K(18, 0, 0))$,   :  $16'$, 
-- $-22^o$. .  6.

      7.       
     $t_0$. 
,      
    $t$,  , 
,  $t_0$.  .8.11 :

   1)   $\Pi(t)$    $t_0$.

   2)  ,    
  $\Pi(t_0)$   ,  ,
  .

   3)   $\Pi(t)$    
   $t$.

     $\Pi(t_0)$  $\Pi(t)$   
 $Q(t_0)$  $Q(t)$.  $N$ 
  $\Pi(t)$  $\Pi(t_0)$.   
$M$   $\Pi(t)$  \',  ,  
 $20'$,  $|t-t_0|$   2000 .
,     
$\Pi(t)$     . 
, .   .8.12,  - 
    $t_0$.   
 .      
 $Q(t)$   $\Pi(t)$ 
      
 $Q(t_0)$ ( $MQ(t_0)$  .8.11)  
  $RQ(t)$.     
,     .   $RQ(t)$  
   $t-t_0$.

       $s_{t, t_0}$,  
.8.12  ,  -   $\Pi(t)$ 
 $\Pi(t_0)$.   ,  
$47'' \cdot |t-t_0|$. . [1222]   1.   
      5  1.   
  [1222].

          
 .        
   ,    .

         .  
 , $t_0$   $t$.    $c(X,
K(t, 0, 0))$      :
$c(X, K(t, 0, 0)) \approx c(X, K(t_0, 0, 0)) + s_{t, t_0}$.
 ,  ,  ,  
       $t$ 
      $t_0$ 
,      $t-t_0$, 
  $t_0$   $t$.   ,  
   $t$  $t_0$.

      8.  ,   
     100  .., 
  $t=18$.     ,   
  .      
 $t_0$,   --     $t$, 
    .
   "  " 
$t_0=9$,    1000  ..   $t_0$
      
    600--1300  ..,  
 $t=13$  $t=6$.   , .   .8.13,
  $24'$   ${-5^o}$.    
${-17^o}$, .  $MQ(t_0)$  .8.11,  $12^o$,  
     .

      , .     .8.13,
   $t=18$,   100  .. . .
    $47''\cdot9\approx7'$, . , 
    $160^o$, .  1.   
${-20^o}$  $160^o$     .8.13 
 ,   .   ,
   ,  
.8.13   .

     ,   ,   
,      100  .., 
  ,  , --    ,
 -     ,  ,
 - ,   100  ..  
   .

      9.       , .
   .8.3.    
  .      
 .  ,    
        .  
 ,        .
,       
   , , --      
, --     .  ,   
 ,      
 ,       
  ,     
   .      , \'
$180^o$,   .  .  ,   VII.3, VII.4 [1358].
   .8.14.

         
  ,       
    $Q(t_0)$  $R'(t_0)$.  
$R'(t_0)$ --  , ,  
,  $R(t_0)$ --   
.   $RR'$   , 
$10' - 15'$,      
.       
  ,     
 $Q$, --      , -- 
        
$R'$, --      .   
    $QmR'$  ""   $15'$.
   $QnR'$ -- ,  ""  
$15'$.  ,    
 ,     ,
.8.14. ,    $10' - 15'$ 
.       
  .8.3.

                           9.
         .

                        1. .

             
       . 
       ,   
   ,    ,   --  
  .

            , -,
   .  -   
. ,    
, .  [1339], [1119], [1120]. 
       ,  
   , -, .   , 
    ,   . . 
 .        , 
,  100--200 .

            .  
     :  1570--1600 .  
         .

          
      
,  , 1437  ..     ,  
      
 .     ,   
     .   
,       
 .

                 2.   .

     2.1.       
                        .

           1628 
  ,   [1024].     
       1600  .. 
   ,    .  
        . 
       ,
    .       1005 .
   ,  
 ,  ,    ,  .  ,
      
  ,       ,
      ,  , $2' -3'$ 
$10' -15'$  .     
   ,   
.

           :
1570--1600 .       
,         ,
       
     .     
 :  1510  1620 .    110   
'    . ,   
     ,    
,   700     
.   ,      
  5-6  ,   .

     2.2.       
                   "".

        ,    ,   
      .  
          [1024].

     ,   , ,    1005 
 ,    800   [65], .126.   , 
,    ,   .   
      ,   
         $, Zod A, ,
Zod B, C, D, $.   .  .9.1, .9.2, .9.3,
.9.4, .9.5, .9.6, .9.7.  ,   
     ,   .
.   3  2.       
     1600  ..   
        
  .  .9.1 -- .9.7  
     $0,5'$.    
.       
 .

       ,     
       . 
,       
 , --    , --   15\%
      "$3\sigma$".  
  "".  ,   
 .     $2'$    , 
         
  $\gamma \approx 2'$. ,   $\gamma$ 
$\varphi$,    ,  
 5.

               ,
        .
        $, , C, D  $.
 ,      $A, B$  $$  
  $5'$    $-7'$.   $C$    
   $5'$   .   D
      $4'$   $-3'$.
    ,  
.9.1 -- .9.7.   187   1005.
  ,   818,    777,   
 ,   ,  ,  
 [65], .126.

       ""     ,
       $\gamma_{stat}(t)$
 $\varphi_{stat}(t)$     
 $t$.   .   5.  
 $t$   1400  ..,    $t=5$,  1700 
..,    $t=2$.     $\gamma_{stat}(t)$ 
$\varphi_{stat}(t)$       (.  2 
6),    .9.8, .9.9, .9.10, .9.11,
.9.12, .9.13, .9.14.     , 
 $\varphi$      
      , -,  
  .   $\gamma$, , 
     . ,  
    , .   6.  
$\gamma_{stat}(t)$       $, Zod A,
, Zod B, C$  $$    , .9.8 -- .9.14.  
 $D$   :   
 $\gamma$    , .9.13.    
       $D$  
  .

    2.3.       .

          
,        .
    [643] (.  8   [643]),  
 21        
      .   
   .       [1049].
. .9.1.

      ,     ,  
  $\gamma_{stat}^G(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}^G(t)$  $t=3$.
   .   3  6.    ,
    $\gamma_{stat}^G(t)$  
$\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}(t)$  $t=3$    $2'$,  
.         ,
     $t=3$    $1',
2'$  $3'$.       
  --   ,      
  $\gamma=\gamma_{stat}^G(t)$  $\varphi=\varphi_{stat}^G(t)$,
 $t=3$.        
     $\gamma=\gamma_{stat}^{Zod
A}(3) = 1,8'$, $\varphi=0$. , . .9.2,  
      
     ,    
   .     
\underline{}       
     $\gamma=\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}(t),
\varphi \equiv 0$.

             12   21,
   ""     .
 ,       --  =
$\alpha$ Boo   = $\alpha$ CMi.      --
 --     ,    
  $D$,    , . .  
,        14 :

$\gamma$ Ari, $\alpha$ Ari = , $\varepsilon$ Tau, $\alpha$ Tau =
, $\gamma$ Can = , $\gamma$ Leo, $\alpha$ Leo = ,
$\gamma$ Vir, $\alpha$ Vir = , $\delta$ Oph, $\alpha$ Aqu, $\alpha$
Pis, $\alpha$ Boo = , $\alpha$ CMi = .

        2.4.    .

        .9.2,    
      
$(\gamma=\gamma_{stat}^{Zod A}(t), \varphi\equiv0)$   
$1' - 3'$  ,    . 
,     ,      
$2'$,      50\%.  
 , .   7,      $\Delta$
 $2'$.     ,   
       $\Delta=2'$.
        
.

         .    1510  ..
   1620  .. ($2,8 \le t \le 3,9$).   
    10   . ,   , 
  $t$       1900 
..  .

            
  $t$  2,6  4,2,   ,
 .7.10  , .9.15.   
 ($\gamma, \varphi$),      
 $2'$.    ,   
   $2,5'$.   .9.15 ,    
 $2,5'$      
1490--1640 ,   1510--1620 .  
$\Delta=3'$,        1480  1680
.  ,     ,  
         
 $\Delta$.

       ,    
         
.

                      2.5. .

     1)  ,     ,  
    110 ,  1510  1620  ..
       (1546--1601). 
      (1576--1597) 
   ,    1565 .

     2)       
    $\Delta$     
 .     $\Delta$  $2'$  $3'$ 
    1480--1680.,  200 .

     3)      --  110  --
  6     , 
 ,  , 700 .    ,  
   5--6    ,  , $2' - 3'$
 $10' - 15'$.

     4)       
       $1-\varepsilon >
0,9$.

                  3.  .

    3.1.       .

           
,     
    XV  ..,    
[1339].  ,     , "  XV  .. 
       ,  
      " [1339], .7. 
  ,    -- 
 .      ,     
      ,  
.       1019.  
          
.       . 
    $3' - 5'$, .  [65].  ,
  ,       
  $16,5'$    $Zod A$,   
 .   ,     
 $30' - 35'$.  ,   !

       ,   $\gamma$   
 ,   .    ,   
    ,     
,  ,       
.   $5'- 6'$.  ,  
     ()   
,    ,     
.  ,       
     .  .9.15a 
   .

            $A$ 
    .9.16.  
   ,   
 1   $t=5$,    1400  ..

        ,     
   ( ).  .9.17 
         
   .    
    , ,   ,
     .      
.9.17   ,     
    .      ,
       .

       3.2.     .

        $Zod A$     
$(\gamma_{stat}(t), \varphi_{stat}(t))$    
   100   ..   1800  .. ($1 \le t
\le 20$).    $\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi_{stat}$ . 
 2  6.   $(\gamma_{stat}(t),
\varphi_{stat}(t))$    : 1500  .. (
$t=4$), 900  .. ($t=10$)  400  .. ($t=15$),   .9.3.
       $\hat
\sigma$        
$\gamma=\gamma_{stat}$  $\varphi=\varphi_{stat}$.


    3.3.      $\Delta$. 
                       .

          ,   
       $A$,   
  ,     .   
 9   $A$,      , 
:

 = $\alpha$ Boo,  = $\alpha$ Leo,  = $\alpha$ Vir,
 = $\alpha$ Sco,  = $\alpha$ Aur,  =  = $\alpha$
Lyr,  = $\gamma$ Can,  = $\alpha$ CMi,  =
$\varepsilon$ Vir.

           , 
    ,     
        ,
-,   [1024].

      .9.3,     $\Delta$  
    $A$    $10'$ -   
. ,     
 $Zod A$      $16,5'$.
 , 45\%     , --  
 , --       $10'$.

           $\Delta=10'$,  
     ,  ,
 700  ..  1450  ..    
        0,4.

            
  $\Delta$       .
,  $\Delta=15'$       400 
..  1600  ..

         $\Delta(t)$  
      $t$   .9.18. 
    .7.27,   
. ,  $\Delta(t)$     
      
    ()   
   $t$       
 . , ,   
 ,       
,          .
 .9.18 ,  ,    
      $\Delta$. 
.9.18  .7.27    , 
,        
    .

                        3.4. .

     1)      
   700  ..  1450  ..  
   : 1437 ,   
      .    , 
       :  600
 ..  1300  ..     ,  
      .

     2)      ,  
 ,  .   
    ,    -- 
$20'$  $10'$,       
$Zod A$, ,     ,  , $\hat
\sigma=16,5'$  $\hat \sigma=12,8'$ .   , 
 48        .
 --       .

     3)       
  $\Delta$       
.

     4)      
       
$1-\varepsilon > 0,4$.   $\Delta$   $15'$, 
    $1-\varepsilon \le 0,999$
   100       
1500  ..,  1600  ..

                  4.  .

     4.1.      .

           XVII ,  
 .     , ,
       [1024].
    ""  ,   
       :  -  
,   -    
.        $1''$ [1024].  
      ,    
       
  $1''$.       
   .

            . 
  ,     
 ,       :  =
$\alpha$ Boo,  = $\alpha$ CMa   = $\alpha$ CMi.  
       $t$ 
 $1 \le t \le 5$, --    1400  ..  1800  ..
,        
      ()
      $t$,   
      .  , 
,    .

    ,     ,  
 , -- :  $(\gamma=0$, $\varphi=0)$. 
,         
  ,  ,     
    ,    .
          
,      ,  , $2' - 3'$!   
      60  ,    
: $1''$  $1'$.  ,      
  100--200       !


         .9.19.  
       
$t$    10     :

 = $\alpha$ Boo,  = $\alpha$ CMa,  = $\alpha$ CMi,
 = $\alpha$ Sco,  =  = $\alpha$ Lyr,  = $\beta$
Gem,  = $\alpha$ Gem,  = $\alpha$ Vir,  = $\alpha$ Aur,
 = $\alpha$ Leo.

   .9.20        .
 .9.19  .9.20 ,     
 .  ,     
          .   
 , , , ,  = .     
       .


                      4.2. .

     1)     ,   
 .      
      .

     2)  , -,    
.       
  : , , .   
      
 ,    
  .     
   .

                  5.  -.

       -    [1394].  
,   -     
 [516].       
   ,   
   ,    ,   
  ,  ,  
.

    : "  ,     ...
 ,      .

    ,   ,  ,
 , ,    ,  
  ,   ,       ,
       .    , 
 ,   , ,    
 ,   .    
 ,     ,  
     .    
    ,   ,  
,   ( - .),   ( -- .), 
       ( -- .),   
,      ,   , 
      .      ,
      ,    
   ,   .     
        , 
          
  ,   ,        
     ,     
  ,     .    
,     .      -, 
,  .

            , 
        ...
  ,     ,  --
". .  [544], .4, .239--241.

            - 
 ,     -    
  .

  ,       
-   .      -  
$12^o 42'$         
[1339],      . ,    
    , --       
 , --      
  . , ,   11 
,    [1339].     312 (Venice
Codex 312)       ""  17
 [1339], .20.

        : " ,  
   (     -- .) 
,       
 " [1339], .20.

     ,      - ""
  .  ,   - 
       .
,         -- 
    "   ". 
        ..  
       
  .

    , ,     ,
   1490 , " ,  
(   - .)     ,   
3496   ..,        .."
[1017:1],   .128-129.  ,  
  ""      
.   .

   ,         XVI
 ..        1537 ,  
.     .   11.

          - [1394]  
   ,    53   1028 
  .      
 .   ,  35   53  '  
-       , 
   [1339].   ,  - --  
    .  ,     
    . [1119], [1120],  
  .

      .9.21  ,     25
 ,    , ,
       -    
  [1339]  ,    .   
() ,      -  --
   20--24  .9.21. ,   
   ,     -- 
 " -",  ,   ,
,  , -   I  .. .  [1339],
.23.  -,   -,   [1394], 
      .

           :  "  
     - - --  
 ,    " [1339], .7.

     , ,   ,   ,
  -  ,   
 -. , ,   , " 
--       ,  
   " [515], .190.

    ,   ,     
      " ",  
  .      .
, ,    - 
, , -.      
  ,  ,  ""    
..,      " "  
.       "
".

                          10.
          
       .     .

                .., ...

                         1. .

       .., .., .. "
  .    "
[3]:2,        
  .      
..  ..   2000 .     
 ,  ,     
 ,   .

        ,   
        ,
     
, ,  137  ..      :
     " "  
   ?   ,   
   600  ..     
 ,  XVI - XVII ?

        ,  ,  
,     
  ,    ,
     [614].   
   .   
 ,        
 , -        
 , , ,   , --   
   ,     .
,   .,  .  -
,   .         
 " "    
.    ,    " ", 
     XV--XVII   ,
  ""    .

       ,     , 
  , --   , --   
,       .  
      1020  
  .  --    ,
         
 .

           ,
      
"" .  :

\noindent I.  ""    
.

\noindent II.   ,   21, ""  ,
  .

       ,  "   "
-  XVI--XVII    
.         
    .     
XVI--XVII    .     
    .   --  
      , -- , ,  
.        
     "  
"  .

     ,    \' ,    
.    ,   XV--XVII
,   XVII      
    ,    .   "" 
,   ,      XVI--XVII
.        
    "  ".  , ,
   " ",   .     
  ,  .     
  " ",    -- 
.  ,  XVI--XVII   
        "
 ".

        .  
  ,   -    
 "" .  ?    
 .  ,       
 .     .  ,  
     ,  ,  
  XVI--XVII .    
  .     
   .     
,    .   XVI --  XVII 
       , 
.  ,       
""    ""  .   
       , , --  
, --      .

           ,
  ,   .   , 
    .    
.         
      .
 ,        
    .  ,  
,        
   -    
        XVI--XVII
.

     ,   8,     
     .

           2.    .
                 .

      , ., , [614],     
4   .

        :

     1)  X.4: "     , 
   :  13  , 17--18 
,  12      ,  
 " [1355], .319.

     ,   ., ,  " 
 406  " [1355], .319.   
.. ,  "   476 
" [704], .322.      ...
 ,  .  ,   
 ,       884  
  408  [1355], .319.  ,  
 476   .       , 
    476  .   , 
,  .   -  
      406  . , 
 -     .
       .   
  "  ".

     2)  .9: "     ,  
,   13  ,  25,     
  " [1355], .342.

     ,   ., ,  "
  42     (  476 
)" [1355], .342.     ..
,  "    52   
, .. 476   " [704], .336-337.  
.   ,     
-  .     .  
 ,          . 
    .    ,  
     [1355]  [704]       
,   476 .

     3)  I.3: "      , 
 ,    ,   45 
,  10,       " [1355],
c. 361.

    ,   ,  .,  
.., ,  "   83
   " [1355], .361, [704], .349-350.  
      .

     4)  XI.7: "       ,
  ,   82   5   
       " [1355], .379.

     ,   ,  .,  
.., ,  "   
519   " [1355], .379, [704], .362.   
      .

      , . [614], [1339],  
   ,     :

 1)  12     $\eta$ .

 2)     $\beta$ .

 3)      $\delta$ .

 4)    "  "   $\gamma$
.

        .  .   
.., .., .. [3]:2  
        
   .. [262].    
   $1'$  .      
, , '     " 
".

  ,        ,
    $1'$.      
       $30''$.   , 
        $24''$.
   ,    "", 
,          
 $1'$.

            
    $1'$      
 .        
  $3'$.  ,     
     .   ,  
  ,    .   
  .  ,   
         
     .      
 ,  ,    
    .

              ,
     . ..  :  " 
  -- , , , , ... 
  [ ]       
       ... [] 
        " [1], .302.

         ,       
     .   , , 
,      ,
    ,      " "
 .    ,     ""  
,   .     
  $1'$    .

       ,     ,  "
 ",     ,   
          
   $15'$.        
  $\delta$     $15' - 20'$.  
      .   
 ,    .

          ,     
, . . 10.1.       
 [1355].   ,      
    .  ,     
 .       
   .     , 
    ,   :   , 
,  .

    ,     :

\noindent )      --    :
476   476 .    "  "    
 ,    70 : 476--406=70.

\noindent )      -- 32    :
45-13=32.    31 ,     :  83--52=31.

\noindent )      --  11 :
519--508=11.

           ,
 .  ..,  
,  -    
, --    , .    11, -- 
.10.1 ,       .
 , --   , --   , 
       .  , 
    ,     
.10.1.   ,      
 32    : 45--13=32.    
     31 : 83--52=31. 
  .

      ,  ,  508 
.     .10.1.

     ,    , .10.1.
     .

 1)    $N$,    $N-70$,  12 
   $\eta$ .

 2)   $N$     $\beta$ .

 3)   $N+32$,    $N+31$    
 $\delta$ .

 4)   $N+43$      
$\gamma$ ,   .

         ,    
   \'   
 . ,       , 
         .   ,
 ,       1--2 
    ,      
 . ,      , , ,
, .       [1155]. 
         4 .
 ,       ""
   4 .

    ,     ,  
 :

 )      --    , 
  4 .   "  "   
  ,     70 ,  
 4 .

 )      -- 31  32 , 
  4 .

 )      -- 11 ,  
 4 .

      ,     .  
   ,    
.

         500   ..   1700 
..       
, .10.2.      , 
.

          , , X--XI .

        .., ..,
..     [3]:2.

 1().   960  .. 18 ,    $\eta$
.        $1'- 2'$.

 1().  "  " (.  )  
  $\eta$    887  .., 9 .
     $1'$.    
  .

 1().  "  "    
.  ,       , 
888  .., 21 .      
  5'.

 2)  959  .., 14 ,  ""  $\beta$
.      $15'$.

 3)  994  .., 25 ,     $\delta$
    $15'$. ,   
      $\delta$  
   .

 4)  1009  .., 16 ,    
$25' - 30'$   $\gamma$ ,   .

              
      
   4 ,      
  .   :

 )        1 , 
: 960  .. ()  959  .. ().    
   $\pm 4$ .

 )        35 :
959  .. ()  994  .. ().    31  32 
$\pm 4$ .

 )        15
:  994  .. ()  1009  .. ().    11 
$\pm 4$ .

         -- "", III   ..

      , ,     [614], .335.

 1)    11  12  272   .. (
  -271 )  ""   $\eta$ .
         $1' - 3'$.

 2)  18   16  272   .. (   -271
)  ""   $\beta$ . , 
 ..,     
.,  18  "     
  $50'$  $\beta$  [,  XI.4],    
   .       
  16  -271 .,  , ,   
,      " [614], .312,  3.
        18  272
  ..    $50' - 55'$,  16  --  $15'$, 
,  $17' - 18'$.     
.

 3)  4  241   ..  ""  
$\delta$ .   ,   
      $25'$.

 4) 1  229   ..      $30'$
  $\gamma$ .

               1
.

      ""     :  
         ,    
  31 ,        12
.

      , , XV--XVI .

        ..  ...

 1)   1496  .. 19 ,    $\eta$
.         $1'$.

 2)  1497  .., 19 ,    $\beta$
.       $15'$.

 3)  1528  .., 3 ,     $\delta$
    $25'$.

 4)  1539  .., 5 ,    
 $30'$   $\gamma$ ,   .

      -  XV--XVI    
        
     1 .  
 \'   ,   
   ,  .   :

 )        
 ,  : 19  1496  ..    19
 1497  ..   .     .   ,
 ,    .

 )        31 :
1497  ..    1528  ..  .   , 
, 31  32 .

 )        11
:  1528  ..    1539  ..  .   
 ,  ,    11 .

       , ""     
 .  ,  , 
    .  , , 
     
        
,    ,  
      
, --  ,  ,   
.., --       . 
          
 .        
,   ,   , --   
       .

      X--XI      .
,         
   .     
-  XV--XVI  .   .
,     -   1800
,         
 , . "  ", .6.
  ,     ""  III
  ..       
.    ,      ,
         (
,         
 ),      
.    ,     
    .     
    .  ,    , 
   ""    ,
   .

   3.       .
                     .

                 3.1.  .

         ,   
,       
.. [262].   ,  1990 ,  ..,
..  ..   ,   
  .    XIX--XX    
 ,       
  .      
       ,  
  [3]:2.   ,      ,
    .   ,  
   ,   
 ,   ,  
.       , 
 "" .        ,
    (    
  ),   .

   -,      
.       , -- 
  , --       
       
   ,     .

   ,         
 ,      ,  
,   ,   .  
  XX     
  ,     
 .   .     
       
.       .
 ,       
.         
,     , --  .

          
 .   , 
  ,  ,   
      . ,   
      . ,  
, --      .  , 
       
  ,     ..
[262]  1976 .

             
  ,     
,  ,    
.       1997--1999 ,  
  Turbo-Sky,       
.

          
  PLANETAP,  :  Simon J.L.,
Bretagnon P., Chapront J., Chapront-Touze M., Francou G., Laskar J.
(Bureau des Longitudes, URA 707.  77, Avenue Denfert-Rochereau 75014,
Paris, France).     ,
-     8-   
 ( PLANETAP, Fortran 77) - Astron. Astrophys. 282, 663
(1994).

            
         
 ,       .   
       
  ,    -- ,  ,   .. 
 ,   ,     
.          .

          3.2.    X--XI .

                   ###  .

       ,     X--XI  .. 
 ,       
[3]:2, . ,   ,  , --

   : 960  ..  "  "  : 888 
           ..  887  ..  ( ),

   :   959  ..,

   : 994  ..,

   : 1009  ..,

--     ,    
     .   ,
   PLANETUP [1405:1]  
     , --    
   , --    
      
 ,    .

         ,     --
, XV--XVI .

        . ,     
  ,    ,    
   .       
          XVIII .
 ,       .
,      ,   ,
   10 .      
   .  ,  
 ,  .    . 
[614].            
 "  " [614], .335.

     ,     " 
"    ,    .
    \' ,   .
,     ,  
   .   , -- 
III   .., --    . .
.

       .    "",
           
 .  ,   X--XI .    
       .
       -
 XV--XVI .    .

  ,         
,   ,   ,  .  
        
  . ,    
 " "  ..     
    - 
   "" .    
""        
-  XVI--XVII   .  
           XVI--XVII
.         .   ,  
        
  .    -   
  ""      ..


     . ,    
[614]      ,
       :

    1)  " ",  ,  
        $\eta$ .

    2)     $\beta$ .

    3)      $\delta$  .

    4)    "  "  
       $\gamma$ .

    ,         
     .

          .

       ###    $\eta$    960  ..

    ,     : "     
  ,       :  13 
,  17--18  ,  12    
 ,    " [1355], .319,
 .4.

             : 
  $\eta$    960  ..    
 476   , .10.2.  
 18  960   .     
  1--2 ,       
.

      ,    $\eta$  --  
   - .    -- 
       
    ?     
.10.3,      $\eta$
  960 .  ,       , 
   10   ,  .   
 ,    .    
      ,   
    .

   ,    960    
,  "        
" [1355], .319.   ,  .10.4  ,
      . ,  
   -     ,  
       .  
           
.

      "  "  .   
    :    $\eta$ 
   887  ..    $\eta$  
    ", 
  ",    .

        PLANETUP [1405:1] , 
  887  .., 9 ,  16  12   
     $\eta$ .     
    . .   .

   ,       $\eta$ ,  
     .  ,  
    ,     .  
 .

     888 ...  21       ,  
 3--4      ,    
$\eta$     5  .     $\eta$
   8  .  , $M=-3,4$   
$M=3,89$  $\eta$ .        
    5       
.    $\eta$       
 ,    , .10.5.

         $\eta$    21
 888    .  , , 
  3     ,  1    .
  --  4  .    3  , 
  $\eta$        888  ..
      .

   ,         , --
  888  ..     887  ..,
--      .   
       .
    .10.2.

          :
 9  887  ..

     PLANETUP [1405:1]  887  ..  
  25- .       ,
       $\eta$ . 
     ,     15
    16 .  - ,     
   ,    .

      ,   888  ..,  , 
   .     888  
    .

     ,   , -- "
 ", --         .
 ,       ,   
           .
   ,     ,   ,  
  .     :  "  ".
,           
  .  ,    () ,  
 () .    ,   
       .    
 ,         .

    ###   $\beta$    959  ..

       :  "      ,
   ,   13  ,  25,  
     " [1355], .342,  .9.

          .  
  $\beta$ , -- "    ", --
   959  .. . .

        PLANETUP [1405:1]  
.   959  ..,    13  14    
  15     $\beta$ .   
       
.  ..  ,   , 
...    ,      
     15  , .10.6.

    ,       
  ,      
     .   ,   
     "  ",   
.    "".     
""  "  " ?     ,
. .10.2.

  ,        
    $10'$.      
     ( )  $10'$. 
  , ,   "",   
.        
   .  ,   $25'$
       " ".   "
"  --   .

        
 ,   ,   .10.2. 
    .

  1) "",   --  ,  
,   10--15  .   
         .

  2)        
,   $10' - 15'$,    "".  --
   .

  3)    $1' - 2'$   ,
,  .      
          
  .

   ,  ,     "" 
" ", -,  .    . 
 -- ,        "
".   -- ,    
    . ,   
    -- $10'$.

       ,    
  . ,    
  959  ..       
    ,     
.        --  . 
   .

      ###   $\delta$    994  ..

       :  "     
,   ,   
,   45  ,  10,     
 " [1355], c.361,  XI.3.

          .  994 
..,  ,     $\delta$   
 $20'$.

        PLANETUP [1405:1] ,  
994  .., 25 ,      
15     $\delta$  , .10.7.

   ,   :    
 .    , 25  994    
      .    ,  
        .  
 .

  ,       ,  ,   
 ,      ,  
    .

   ###      $\gamma$   1009  ..

       : "      
,   ,   82   5
         
" [1355], .379,  XI.7.

          .  1009 
..  ,      $50'$  
$\gamma$ . ,  .

       PLANETUP ,   1009 
.. 16 ,       25--30
    $\gamma$  , .10.8.

         " "?  
     ,    15  
  "".       
 --  30 .     " ".
 , ""   --   10--15  .
         
,     "",     
    ,    - 
.        
  " ".

        ,     
  ,      X--XI
.   ,  1009  16 ,    
    ,   .      
,           .
   ,     ,   ,
      , .10.8.

   ,        
       ,
   .

    ""   III   .., , , 
    $\delta$   .   
,    ,   ,  
   " ".       ,
  ,  " ",    
,    ,    .    
,        . 
,        
  ,  "".

    . ,     
,  ,

   960  .. 18    ( " 
":  21  888  .., ,  , 9  887 
..);

   959  ..  14   ;

   994  ..  25   ;

   1009  .. 16   , --

    .    , 
  ,    ,   . 
, -- "", "  "  ..      
,        
 IX--XI  ..

      :      ,  
    , --  ,  15 , --
         XVII .  
 " "       
   XVI ,      XVII  
  "" .       ,
        
XVI .   ,        
XVII .        
   .   ""  
         .  ,
,    "   ".
  ,   ,    
"  ",    XVI--XVII  
    .    ,   
"".    XVII  ""
     "
".      ""
   .  , ,
.

            .
,    ,    ,
    X--XI  ..

   ###      X--XI .

         X--XI    
,        
480--490  ..  ,    , 
         
     --  483  492  .. .  
.10.1,        
.

      : 492  .. --   
6000-      " ".    
   XVII .  ,  , 
        "  ", 
  XVI--XVIII .    6000-    ?
-,   ,  1000 .   
    .   
     , . "  ",
.6:12.      XV      "
"   6000- .    -- 492  ..  -,
     6000-   
.  , , -,     
"  -- --",     
, ,   .      
  , ,   ,
,   [338], [503].    , 
          
  , :  " 6000-     
" [503], .211.   ,     
6000- .       " "  
 : 6000 - 5508 = 492  .. ,  
,  " ",      6000-
 " " = 492  ..      .

    , 492      
,   .   --
- ,     
 ,  ,     .

        ,  ,
,   .    
.  ,      
,        XVI--XVII
,     .    
  XI--XIII ,     ,
 ,   .   ,    
  .      
         .
  ,    XVI--XVII ,   
,      
.          , 
,   ,   XIV--XV . 
      .    ,
      .

         .  
   " " [704], .130.  
        
,  .      
   .

1)      = 25-  
[704], .129, 130, 126, 200.

2)     = 123-  
[704], .161.

3)     = 219-   [704],
.161.

4)     = 226-   [704],
.128, 129.

5)     = 366  
[704], .132.

6)      =  367  
[704], .133.

7)   1- 76-   = 418 
 [704], .133, 80, 81, 182, 216, 133, 182, 222

8)       = 425  
[704], .99--100, 80, 336--337, 349--351.   ,   
  ,      
"".  , "  
     424  " [704], .99.
  ,     365  [704], .80.

9)     = 438   [704], .305.
  ,   " "  
   " " [704], .595,  
         " ".

10)     =     =
464   [704], .304, 305, 321--322, 336--337.

11)     = 568  
[704], .181.

12)      = 719   [704],
.99--100.

13)     = 829  
[704], .220.

14)     = 845   [704],
.221.

15)     = 863   [704],
.99--100, 126, 157, 326, 340.

16)     = 884   [704],
.139--140, 80, 216, 311, 326, 340.

      "  ", -- 
,  ,  , --  
 [704], .311.  : " 
  2  ,   886  " [704], .311,
 IX.9.      : "  
    ,    463
   " [704], .91,  III.3.

      , , 197  
 ,   621    [704], .142.
 : " ,       
     197    " [704],
.142,  V.5. ,    ,  
,  ,      XVI--XVII .
 ,     "   
 " --        
XVI .      "
".

         ,     
  492  .. = 6000-  " "  c
- .     
    :

                    493  ..
          517  ..
                     615  ..
               711  ..
                 718  ..
                       858  ..
                          859  ..
      1-            910  ..
                           916  ..
                     930  ..
            956  ..
        (=?) 956  ..
            1060  ..
      "  "   1113  ..
                  1211  ..
             1321  ..
                1337  ..
               1355  ..
              1376  ..
           1379  ..

        , 
    1370--1380  .. , 
,  , [704], .311,  1378 . 
  , [704], .91,  1379 . 
,  XIV .      1113
,    XII .   --   
   .   
 ,   .    ,
,    II   ..

   ,        
      [518],
[17].  .     ..  
  "  ", .2.  ,   
   XIV  [17], .18.   ,    
    XIV--XVI .

        
, .10.9,     
  : 600--1300  .. ,
 .10.9,       ,
  ,      
 .   ,     
  :     ,  
  ,   ,   .  --
   ,   . ,   .

  ,       
 -- , , ,   , --
,  .10.9,   XIII--XIV   .   ,
         .
  ,      
""  .      
""   XI-XIII .

  ,   " "  .10.9 --  
916  ..       
        
 , 912--913  .. [495], .18.

    ,        
 -- 910  ..   .10.9, --    
    877 .       
  35 . ,     
       532  -- , 
     
  (,     ).   .
 ..     " 
", .2.       
    --      76 .
,         , 
  .  :  $532/76 = 7$.   ""-
      , 
         
 .      910   
    .  $911 - 877 = 34$  
   532-   .  ,
        .

    , ,       910  ..
    19- " " ( ).
  ,  910-       1,  15.
. "  ", .2.     
   ,  ,   
   100-    . , 
  XI     100   -  X .
        
, . "  ", .6.     910
   1010 ,   --     19-
 " ".

     100-   
 .      .
        , .
.   ,        
956  ..          
. ,   XVII  <<   
" " :  "Anno aerae Dionisianae 1609" ( :  
  1609 -- .)>> [393], .248. ,    
    ,  , ,  ,
     [393], .240. , 
  .       ,
.    --   ,  .
  --    .

  ,   ,    1152   
  1185 , .   " ".   
        
       ,  XI .   
 ,      1050 ,   .. 
      
1050  ..   . ,  , 
-    , 
   1095  .., . "  ", .2.  
     ,  .  
  XI--XII    , 
  --  .   , 
 ,     100   
().     1060  ..     
    ,    XI .
   ,   " ",
 631    [704], .458--459.  ,   , 
1093 .  -,       1095 ,
       .  , 
,  ,    ,    [704],
.458--459.    " "    
  ""  -:  Evergetoy DEYteroy
(DEY = ),  SOTEROS (SOTER = )   DIOnysoy neoy (DIO =
) [704], .458--459.    " "   
      [704], .458--459.   --
     " ".

    ,        
  .      100-
    .   --  .

            
,   ,  .10.9,   V 
..  ,         V 
..    ,   V  ..    
   .  V  ..,  ,
     , . " ", .1.
   ,       
,     ,      
  .  , ,   
,    ,  
  .        
      ,   .
  --      .   
  , ,       
 .

     " "    
       
.          
      , .   ,
   , ,    
.        
 . , ,     XIV--XVII  
 ,     , "  "  
 .   ,  ,   
      .  
--  , . "  ", .2.

     -   
 .       
   , ""  
.        
        --   "
,  ", --       
, ""     .  
,       
,      .    
     .       
 .

      .10.9     XI--XIV
   --   , 
    .., -- ,  ,  
   XIV--XVII . , ,
      .

        
   --  ,   .
 -- , ,   .   , 
.10.9,    XIV .     --  
--    XIV .      .

   .       
       ,
       XII--XIV  ..,
.10.9.      -- 
,   ,   XIV .
  ,   ,  
 XIV .

          
 .    , , -, 
  ,     ""
 . , -,     
    XIV-XV .    
  XVI--XVII  --    
.      " 
"       .  
       
XIV--XVI .         .

   3.3.  -  XV--XVI .

     , ,      
.     .10.10.

      ###   $\eta$    1496  ..

       $\eta$   16    19
 1496 ,     --  
      1 .  
      ,   .   
      .   , , 
 ,    19 ,  
,   20 ,    ,  
     .  ,  16
  ,    18    
. ,      
    .  6    6 
,   ,   "12 ".
,        18
   19  1496    
,  " 12      " [1355], .319,
 .4.

        XV   .

      19  1496    
      .    
 .       
1496 .

     ###    $\beta$    1497  ..

       $\beta$     19  1497
.   ,     .  
       13--14  
 1     19  1497 .    3  
   .       
       15 .

      , ,       4
 50   .      
  18  19 ,       
   18  19 . ,       
    $\beta$ .       
     19  1497 .   
        , 
  ,      X--XI .

        ,  
         .
  ,    :   1496.09.19
()  1497.01.19 ().

      ###    $\delta$    1528  ..

      $\delta$       7  8 
1528 .     .  , 
      25 .    
    7  1528 ,   .  
     17   ,   
       17  40  
,    .      
     .    
      ,   
,      X--XI .   
  .

     ,     .    
 .    ,     .
   ,     12   
 ,     .    , 
        7  8  1528 .
   8         
,          7 .
,          , 
 ,     ,   
:      ,    
,    7     8 .

    ,        . 
 , , , -   ()  "supremo
sole",   ()  "sole primo" [237], .937. 
     "su"   supremo, 
 premo  primo.   ""   
  "". ,  -  " " ()
       "" 
"".

    ###      $\gamma$   1539  ..

       $\gamma$   5  1539
.      ,   .
       30 .  ,
     X--XI ,     
"  ".         
5  1539 ,   .     
  16   ,       
   16  40   ,    .
       -   
 .        
   ,    ,   
  X--XI .

       ,    
$\gamma$      .

     ###    - .

     , -  XV--XVI
       .  
 .

   ,  XV--XVI    
    ,  ,  1496, 1497, 1528,
1539 , .10.10.    ,   XVI
--  XVII    .  ,
  ,      .
(1540--1609), . (1583--1652), . (1571--1630) (
 ,       
),    " ",
      X--XVII .
 ,  .    
     ,  
      .

       XVI--XVII   
  ,    ""
".     .     :  X--XI 
..   III   ..    " ",   III
  ..   ,    XV--XVI 
..  --    --     
.    ""   -.  , 
 .      ,   
 XV--XVI  , ,  " "
    ,   1800 .  
   ""?    " " 
    ,      ,   
.

   ,     1800     
     ,  ..
  "   ". .. 
   -,       
""-  ""- ; . "  ",
.6.

  4.    C    -
                           .

     -    
        ,
  .    ,  ,
 ,   .  ,
         . . .
   ?    ,   ,
   XI--XVII ,      
 ?  ,   "" ,
  ?

    .   -- , -,  
.     --  ,   --  . , 
-    ,      -
     .    ? , 
 .   ,     
  .   , , , -- 
  .  ,    
 .    ,     XII
 .. ,    ,    
   "  VII ".    
 .    .. " -  ",
.4.        "  ",
.6,    "  "    1053 
1054    1152 .  ,   1152 
  ,      
 .       
 .       .   
" ".       ,  
  XII    1053  ..

         , 
"   1020  [64], .216.    
         : 1020 
..     .    =  "
" --      ,   
1020  ..   1152  ..

     --       
 ,      = 
. ,     .   ,
     1020  .. ( 
       ), .10.10.
 ,       
:

   476    ,

   476    ,

   508     

   519    .

        1020 ,  
 :

   1496  ..  ,

   1496  ..  ,

   1528  ..   

   1539  ..  .

    .      1496  
1497 .      .

    ,     
  ,  - 
 XV--XVI        
   .

          --   ,  
"  ",   ?   
 ,     
.   "  ", .6,   
 ,        
 .  ,   "  ",
.6:17, " ", .4-5,  ,  "
" , ,   
   (1583--1652).  "" 
 --       
  I  (1520--1566).

   -,      
" "    XV--XVI     -
"",    1483--1522  ..   , 
        
 " ".   " " 1420--1466.

   ,  ,      " "
   ,     
   . ,   
.  .   " "  1483
,    ,    1528 , 
   45  ,      
(1528--1483=45).  .   .10.1.     ,
   1497 ,   14  
(1497--1483=14),       13  .
    .

         .  
  -- 83      52  
  -- ,        1445
,       "
   "  .    
" ",      20 .

   ,    ,
  - , . 
       XVII ,  
,   .      
   XV--XVI ,      
   .     
  ,    ,    
 =    =  . ,  
    1020  . (  1152 ). 
      .  ,  
 ,     ,
   33  ,  , 1053  1054  ..
(  1152 ).

      XVII ,    ,  
  ,    "
".       " ",   ,
  XV--XVII .     "
" -- ""  "",   
       I
.      ""   
   .     , 
    ,      
 .

          . 
    XV--XVI     
 XVII    1800  ,   . 
, " "     
, ,    .

      5.         
            .   .

     ,     "".   
     -- ,   
    .   
        .

    "  ,      
,   ,     
,  ,        120 ...
        
   -- ,    
         
    . 
      
...  ,  ,      , 
 ,    " [65], .64-65.

       ,      
  ,    7--8.   
13 .      ,   
,   ,    .
 ,     II  .. 
 ,    140  .. 
       .  ,  
XVIII , ,  ,  
,     . ,
  ,        , 
    140  ..    
      .
     .

      ,  1978     
  ,      
      , 
      [614].  
   :  "  ".  .
  ,     "",   ,
. ,   ,   ,
      II  .., 
   " ".    
 . ,      
 ,     .
 ,       
   ,     .

           ,   
     .   
       
   "" .   
, ,      
   .      
,   ,     
   VII--XIII  ..     II  ..
 ,   VII--XIII    ""
 ,      .
  ,      
         ,  
XVI .  ,     
 ,    
  II  ..     
.

          
.       , 
  "" ,  , ,
       [1298], .294.

       ,      XVI--XVII ,
  .

   1)    ,   
  ,     
.         X  ..
       XVI  ..  
    , 
     .  
 , , . ,  
    XVI .

   2)     XVI ,     ,
   .   XVII ,     
, --     XV--XVI , --  ,
 ,   ,  .  
" ",       XVI .    
   " ",  
     
  XVII .      .
   ,      ,   
  .

    ,   ,   ,
 ,   ..   
    ""   
   :  "- ,  - (,
"")   -  -".  
  XVII       , 
      . ,
,     [614].

       .

        --       
,     ?  ,  
   .    , -- , 
, --  ,        --
 ' ,      
   .  , ,    
.  , ,    , 
        . 
     .    
   .

       . , . [614], .327-328, 
         
.           ,
       
 ,  .      .
,        
,     .
          
.   :  ",  ,  
  ,    
 ...    ...   
     .     
    ...     
    .    
    .  , , 
     ,    ...
,      ,    
    ,    
 ,     ,  
    " [614], .328.

        ,  " 
        
" [614], .328.  ,   . ", 
   ,  " [614], .328. 
  .    .   
      ?     
   ,   -  
.  ,    XVII .

    ,  ,      , 
-,          
.      .  , 
      ,  
   .      
 ,   -- .

            .
-,     XVI--XVII   
 "  ".      
 . ,    ,    
,   .      .  
  XVII     
 .      
.

     .     ,     
,     . ,   "
".       
"",          
 .    , 
        , 
       . , 
 ,       
 XVII .       
 ,       
,    .   , 
      XVII ,  "
  "    
.       ,  
XVII     . ,  , 
  ,    .   
XVII   ,     
    .

      ,   "-"    
 .  ? --    " 
"      -- 
?      ...  : <<
         
.  ,     (  
 )   ,      
  ,      ,  
  ?       .
         
,     ,     
  ,    ,    
      ,    ...
    (  " " -- .) 
 (    -- .)   
     -- .   
      21  125 ...
    ,   " "    ,
     , 5  125 .   
,          
      2  121   3
 118    ,    , 
         
    ,      
 ...       !>> [544], .4,
.472-473.

      ,  .., 
        
Turbo-Sky,     ""    (XIX
) [1154].  ,      
        ,     
.     125  , , 
.     ,   .  
      118 .  
,         
 ( , , ),     
 .   --  .     
 " ".     .  ,   
   125  .., ,  .    
  IX--XI  ..   XVII , ""
   ..      .
   .     .

   ..        
"" .   :  <<, ,
  ,      ,
        (
  1543 .),           
       ...   
          8 
"",       
   ( ),     
 !        "",  
         
          
  >> [544], .4, .473--474.

  6. ""  -- ,   ,  
                    .

    ,   ""  ,  
 II   .., -- ,   ,  
    ,   XVI  .. 
 XVII ,   " " 
  ,    ,
  ""    .   ,
         ,  
   .  , -- "   ".
 ,   "",  1, .1,  ,  
         XI
.

          
   .

   1.   "" .   
""    185--125   .. [395], .42. 
   "". .. : " 
   " [395], .43.

   # 1b.    . ,   
 --     1546--1601  ..  [395], .123.
       ""
, ,       1730 .  
   --   1780 ,  .., .
 "  ", .6,    
-,       1780  
     .

    ,          
 ,     XVII .  
      .

   2. ""    . , 
 "  ,    850 " [395],
.51.         ,   
,   .      ,
   --   ,    --  .
,        
"",     .  , 
<<      
     ( ).     
  ,    "  "  
 >> [395], .52.  ,    
 850    .

   # 2b.     .   "
 ,    788 " [395], .129.  
      ,  .  
 , -,   ,  "
", .10.11  ,   .   
   :  << 1627 .     "
",     100   
  ,       
  .   (  - .)  
 1005 ,        777 ,
  >> [395], .148--149.

    ,       , 
 "   ,    1000 ,
       ...  
    , ,     
 XVII ." [395], .127.

   3. ""     . , 
      ,   
  [395], .51.    "  
,    , ,   "
[395], .51.    ,  , ""  
 ,      23-79  
..  [395], .51.  ,    , ""  
        ,
,    XVI  ..

   # 3b.      . <<11  1572
...        , 
   ...    (    )
           ;
        17 .  , 
    .    
    , \' ""   >>
[395], .124--125.

         : "    
,      ,   
 ...       ,  
-    ?" . [395], .124.    
  :  "     ,   
      ". .  [395], .124.

     1572        =
,    1730   .

    4. ""    
  . ,   "   , 
  " [395], .43.  
. ,    ,     
     = "" .

   # 4b.        
(HVENNA).  << 1576 .       II  
   ( 20  - )... 
       -- " "
(,    , --  , --
  )      .
        --
" ",         
   .       20  
    .   
    ,  
 ,      
 ...       
       
( -- .)...       
   ,      
    >> [395], .126--127.

   ,        
. ,  ,    
.  .10.12    ; . 
.10.13.  .10.14    1665 , 
  ,    1660-1661    
   .  .10.15     .

       . " ... 
       
    ,  " [395], .128. 
        , .10.16.

        ?   --  "
". , ,        .   
         , 
 .  ,   " "  
 (   ),      
.    ,    \'  ,
-  ,   ,    .     
  .   ..

          
 [1460:1], .10.17.   . .
   .10.18.

   "...Tyhonis Brahe Ottonidis Dani Dn~i de Knvdstrvp et arcis
Vranienbvrg in insvla Hellisponti danici Hvenna..."

      ,     
.  : in insula Hellesponti.  
 --  .  --    
,       
   [797], .284.    " "
 -    .

         ""    ?
  ,   "" (Dani)    
 " ".     "
".   ,      
   .     
   . . .  
,        ( 
TYHONIS BRAHE,  )   "danio Hvenna".   
" "  "".   -- . 
  ,  ,    , 
 ,   ""  .
       XVI , -
 ,   , --    ,  
 ,    - =
.  ,   XVII   ,   
,  ( !)    .
  " " --  --     .

     ,   ,      
,      .  
  .     
   .      
     .

   5.  "".  ""   .

   # 5b.  " ".     
.       ,  
-  -,         ,  
--   .         ,
     .

    ,         (. )
  , ,    , 
    ,     = .
 ,      XVII .  , 
    1601 .

   7.  ,     
                = "" .

   ,   ,    
  (1546--1601)   " " 
 ""  . ,  " " 
     XI  (.   ", .1).
  ,    180--125  190--125
  ..  [797], .307.    , 
        , 
   (1571--1630).   ,  ,  
      ,   
 XVII  ..      
1771  [1118]       
 ,    .   
      .

        "", 
 1771     
 ,    
""        
 [1118], .1, .486--487.  ,   
,    (   90--160
 ..),   (1546--1601),   (.
Hevelius) (1611--1687)    (Flamsteed, 1646--1719). 
     .10.19  .10.20.


       , 
 --  ,    .

    --    
  .

   ,     
    .

   --     
.

   --     .

 ,      .

      , ,  
.    "" ,   
 : ,   .

           ,
.10.19  .10.20.     - 
,           
      ,      
.  ,     
.    .    
  ,  
.      
  ,   .

       ""      
 .    ,   
.      !  
  ""     , 
  . ,    
""   "" .   
 ,  ""        
     ,   [1118], .1, .486-487.

         . 
      .  
,   ,  ,     ,
,       .     , 
  ,  ,   .  ,  
     ,  .  
,       .

   1)  --     , ..
      "".  
             
      .

   2)  --     ,  -
          .

   3)  --      .

   4)  ,      .

        .  
        , 
         
.   ,      XVII ,
   .    ,  
       .

        ,  
   1771 .   
        1771
.      ""   
""   1771 ?

       ,     
 VII--XIII  ..        II 
..,      .   
   ,   ,   
XVII .  ,      ,
   ,    .

   8.    ,   ,
          ,   .

       --    ,  
   ?    21 
.   ,    ,  
    850  --  26  881  .  
     .

     1.        --   ,  
   ,    .  , 
      .

     2.    ,   
.

     3.      .   -
   ,   
    .

     4.  .  ,    
    ,  ,  
 ,      .

              . 
        
  - ,     . 
             
  .       
   .     
      18 .

      ,   , 
  [614].     , 
     .  
       
. "  " [614].    
   .    .

    "   (-720)  19, (-719) 
8, (-719) .1, --   ,   
.

       (-382) .23, (-381)  18,
(-381) .12, -- .

        (-200) .22, (-199)  19,
(-199) .12, -- .

       (-490) .25, --   
( ,    ,      
  XVII   -- .).

       125 .5, --   
( ,    ,      
  XVII   -- .).

       (-501) .19   
( ,    ,      
  XVII   -- .).

    (-620) .22, -- .

    (-522)  16, -- .

    (-173)  1, -- .

    (-140) .27, -- " [614], .334.

     . : "      
, ,   ,    133, 134  136
...       .  ,
 ,   , , -- .    
   .        
      ,   
,    " [614], .147.

     ,   ,   
,   , ,   
  -   ,      
    " ".   
,    .   
,  ,     ,   "
"  XVI--XVII   .

           
     .
    " "  
     XVI--XVII . 
 "" .

    ,       .  
  --        
     .  , 
      
   18  ,     
 .         
   465 ,    
  491--1350 . ,    
 21  .

     ,    
        
 .        
       . ,  
 -- ,     ,    
     XVII , --    
  .

    .10.21         . 
.10.22 -   ,  .10.23 -   
.

                          11.
            ,   
                        .

                  .., ...


       1.    .

       1.1.      
                        ?

      ,      --  
,   1000 ,     
 .  ..  [544], .4  ,  
      
,    .     
      .   ,
     
"".   ,       , 
    .  
,      ,
 "" .

         
   .  
      ,
        
  .    ,    
      ,   
,     .   
      ?  -- 
.         
 (  )    
 .  ,  , --   
         ""   
, --         .  
       ,   
 [704], .224.     
,    ,   ,  
! .  .2.1  2,    48
,   .  .2.13  2  
   .   .

        ,      
.   ,     , 
   ,   ,  
   ,      
,   .  ,  ,
     ,   
  :     
  , .11.1.

    ..    : <<      
      , 
     ,   ,
  ,     ?...
         
   ...     
   " "  
   ...   
      ,  
    -  ,   
   :      
 ( -   - ),  
    ,   
       ...>> [544],
.4, .201.

         .   
        , 
 ,     ,  
   ?

      1.2.       .

         .    
  .   ,    
 ,    ,   
 ,   ,  ,  
    ,    .  
        .

        ,  
   II  ..   ,  ,
    II   ..  ,   
 , --          
, --  ,  ,    
,     ,   . ,
 ,        
     ..,     
. ,     .  ,
       2- .  ,
  ,   ,    
 3- ,         .

   , ,       
: ,   ..     
   ,  . ,
          
  .  ,  
 ,    2,1,    
2,2.  ,  "-"  .  , ,
,   ,   [1339], .51, .No.2.

    ,   II  ..   
       8 .  
  ,     ,  
    12 .  ,  II  ..
      ,   
!     II  ..  
.11.2.      ,  
    .    
   , ,  II  .., 
, -,       ""
.

   ,        , 
  --      , .11.2.
         .
 ,    ,  
  :  "   " [1339], .27;
[704], .224.       :
"     " [1339], .27; : "  (
   -- .)  " [704], .224. .   
  .11.2.     ,     
,   ,       . 
,     ,   " 
".        .

**********************************|*********************************
 ,   -|    
            | 
**********************************|**********************************
1.           | 1.    
 3- ,   --   | 2- .    -
,  .  - |      
,        |   , 
. .  .   |     
                                  |   2- .
----------------------------------|--------------------------------
2.  II  ..        | 2.  II  ..  
     |    , 
,  ,     | ,  ,  
 12 .             |  8 .
----------------------------------|---------------------------------
3.          | 3.    
  "       |    ,
".                          |    .
----------------------------------|---------------------------------

      ,  ,  
,   ,    II  ..  
,      ,  ,
 .

   ..     : "   
            
            
          ,
      ,   ,  
 ?" [544], .4, .202.

       ,  ,  
     II   ..

      ,    ,  
  ,      ..
,    ,     
    .  .11.3  
  $N$,   $P$,     
,       
.      .  
,      .  ,  
  ,   , ,   . 
.11.3  ,       
,      ,   .
    $N$   .11.3  II 
..   $N$      
 1   .  , ,  .

         ,    
    ,   .     
 ,      
  .  --  , 
.   ,    7--9 ,
--   II  .., --    
   .  ,    IX--XI
 ..    ,    
     .

**********************************|*********************************
  ()           |    
**********************************|*********************************
1.       | 1.    -
   .        |  ,  .
----------------------------------|--------------------------------
2.          | 2.   ,
      |  ,  
 . . .11.3,           |   .
  .              |
----------------------------------|---------------------------------
3.   . | 3.   
   2,1 (- |  2,2 (
 ).  --     | ). , 
             |  .  
.                        |  .
----------------------------------|--------------------------------

    ,  ,    ,
   IX  ..    ,   
 --   ,      .
     . ,  XV--XVI 
.., --      
, --      , 
  .         4 . 
    .   1900     
     1  47 ,   2100  
 $28'$.     .

   ,    ,   
    --    X--XI  ..

   1.3.  ,  1537 ,  , 
                   1538 ,  .

        
   1537       
1538    [1024].  .      
[1024].        , 
    "", .11.4, .11.5.
 , .11.5:

        Nunc PRIMUM edita, Interprete Georgio Trapezuntio.


          .  
 ,      1528 ,
.11.5a ( , No.36   [1339], . ),  
 1515  (No.35   [1339]),   
?    ,   ,  1496 , 
   .  , , , 
      1537 , 
:  M.D.XXXVII.  .  .11.4.   ,  
 M  D      .   
   .. "  ", .6:12, 
     .   :
Magnus Domus XXXVII,  Magn Dome XXXVII,   "  37-
".      --     ,
     ,   
?

   ..     , 
       .
<<...        (   
  1537  -- .)     ,
          
  Astronomischer Jahrbuch 1925 .    
    :       II 
..,   XVI,       .  
  ,   ,        
 :       XVI !... "  , --
   , --  (      
)    ,   , 
    ?"...   ...   
 ,      
     ...    
   ( 1538  -- .)    
 ,        20 
(- 10 )      , 
,         
  ,      
...   :    
  1538 ,   --   
1537 .     :  ,  
       
    15, 16, 17, 18  ..  ,  
 20          : 
  10  ?>> [544], .4, .178--179.

     :    "",  
 (  )  ?    ..
  ,     1537  
 -- ,    1538  -- . 
 ,    .

   ,  XV  XVI    XVII , 
  " ",    
.       ,    "
",     II  ..

       ,  ..  
    20     
      [544], .4, .180. .
.11.1.

   ,      
 1537 .   :  XVI    
    ,     
      .
    -   ""
.   "" ,    
   ,     XV--XVI .
     1538 ,  , , 
          
 .     
"" ,     ..  
        1537 ,
  : "      ":
ad hanc aetatem reducta, atque seorsum in studiosorum gratiam. .
.11.4.

     ,  ,  
, --      , --  
 .

      ,    
 1538     ,  
      1537   25 ,
     .  --    , 
   .   ,   
    ,    .  
    , 
,       
 , .11.6.  ,  , 
 1537     ""   ,  
      .  ,
    ,  
    . ,
         .

          
.      .11.6
 ,    -- .  , 
" "     . "
"     , 
 ,   ,  $25'$.  ,
       
     
     .

         (.11.2)  
 , ,     
,    .     
    1537 ,   -- 
  1538 ,       
 [1339]     [1358].     
  .  ,    
.

    ,  ,     
   (.     [1339], [1358]) 
  $25'$     .  -- 
  $25'$.         ,
  [544], .4, .198.

   , "  "    , --
.    , --      
.       
  1538 .

              1.4.   .

            
,     . 
,          
,  ,   ,    ,
, ,  : "   ".  
       [704], .224. ,
, "   "    [704], .225.
 ..   ,  ,    
      ,    
  .  ,    
   ,     
     .   
      , 
    .    
 . ,        
   ,     "
"   .

        ,  , 
    ,  
  , , "  
".    -    -, 
 , ,   .    
  ,        
    ,      ,  
   ,   ,    
   ,    .   
, , ,      
       
,   --   . ,     
     , 
  .

     , ,      10
, --  , --      , 
       . 
      .   
    ,   48
 ,  ., .11.4.  
       ,
         
.       
        
         .

         XV  , 
 , ,       
 .      
       
    3-  4- ,    
.   -      
       , 
     ,   ,  
    .   , -- 
 ,      , --
     .    . --
 -    .  .11.7 
.11.8         
,  1527 .   ,  .11.9  .11.10 
        
   1551 .  ,  
""     .  ,  ,
    1551   "" 
   .

   ,     ,  ,
--      , --   1515 ,
        1537  
    ,       
 .    ,    
         
XV         
.

   ,        
       .    
       " ",
 1423 .   ,   15--20   
  [544], .4, .221--222.  ,
      ,    
 .       
,     .    
  ,    .  
 ,        .
    .   1452    
       . 
    ,     
    .     .
        
, ,     ,   
   .    
     
 (1431--1506) (Mantegna) [797], .756.    
20    ,   
. ,   "  ",   1470
.

      ,    .
        
(1471--1528),        
   .    ,
 ,    .   
 -.

        , --  .
1515 , -- , , ,      
-- .       , 
    .    
 .   ,   -- 
  . ,  
-, ,   ,  
   ,   ,   
 ,   .   
  .

     ,     ,  
    , .11.8, 
 .11.10.        ,
         ,
  ,  !   , 
 " ", .11.11.    :
  -     
 ?

   ,   ,     ,   
    , .11.7,  
.11.9.       , " 
      ,   " [544],
.4, .209. . .11.12.  ,   
      " "  
  --      .  
.    --   --     
       .

    ,   , ,  
 ,   ,    
  .    ,  
   .. ,  ,  
  ,    
 .    .  
   ,     ,  ,
    . 
 , ,  . ,   
      -,   
 ,       "",  
  ,   ,  
 .   ,  ,    
  , ,    ,
   .

    "  "  , ,
.     1473--1543  [797], .626.  
 , ,    (.    
  [544], .4, .223--232),   
    ,  
""  .     
  ,  , ,  
    " " , 
      .   
    .  ,    "
  ( )"    17    [704],
.236,        [544], .4, .228.
,     ,   1,  -- "
 ,    ",     
  ,     20.   ""
      ,   
   ,   --    
,       ,   
     .

   .. : "    
      , , 
,      -- :      
       " [544], .4,
.225.  --      
XVI      
  ,   .

          
 ,  ,    ,
  , -- .   
.

        ,   
      
"  ", "  ", "  "  ..  
   ,      
      .   ,
    .     
  "  ",    ,   17,
-- "  " [704], .236.      
    , , "  " -- 
.  ,       26
.  "  " --  .  ,   
   22  30  [1358], .358. 
,       --  
 .         
   .       .  
       
  .

   ,        ,
    . ,   
       1515 .
,  ,     ,  
 ,     
       XVI  
   XVII .

            
,        ,  
  .     
  ,      
        
   XVI--XVII .

    .. : "      
       ,  
       12   
XVI ,         
   .  
       ,  ,
         " [544],
.218.

   ,    --   ,
   , -,   .  ,
      XIII--XVI  ..  
,  " "    
     (1546--1601). 
       
XV--XVI  , ,    XVI--XVII .
       
    .  ,   .

          
 , , -. . .

   2.       .

      ,     
    1718 , .11.12a.   
..   " "  :  1718 
". (1656--1742),     ,  
      ,  
  :   1850  (  , 
     II   ..: 1718 + 132 = 1850
 -- .)       $60'$,
$45'$  $6'$ " [453], .219.      ,  
    .

           .
      ?  
,     , --   2000 ,
--  ,        
  ,   $6'$.     
 ,    ,  $10'$!
  ,     
  .     ,  
         ,
 $10'$.        
,    2      $6'$?

     .     
  ?      .. : "
1738  . (1677--1756)    
,      . (?--1696)  60
  " [453], .219.  ,   
  "".       
 ,    .

       ,      
  ,   .    
 XV--XVI  ..,   .  ,  
       "". 
   2000   .   , ,
 "" .     --  .

          
( 23--79  ..) :  "...   ,
   ;     ,   
(,     -- .),    ,   
     [],   
;     ,     --
      , 
,       , 
   :   ,   , 
      [ ], 
   ,   -,    
." .  [98], .31.

     ,        
.     ,   
,    ,   . 
,   , .

    ,       
 ..

             
          
  ?      ,
    .       
 .        
    .    
          
  .     
  XVII ,    100   ,  
    ,   ,    
. ,     $1'$   
1582--1588  .. ,     
   $2' -- 3'$. . .    
XVI--XVII         
""  .  ,  
  .

           XVI--XVII 
..           
 .

     ,       
 XVI--XVII    ,  
    ,    
  ,  138  ..    
       ,
    , 
- .      
 --     .   
    XV--XVII  .. -
 .        
XV--XVII , --  ,     XVIII , --  , 
    .

      ,   XVI--XVII   
     , , XII--XVI 
..        .  
       .  
,     , 
  ,     ,
    ,   
 .  ,     ,
   -   
, --  ,      , --
,       
.    ,    
 .

   ,         
 XVI--XVII  ..    ,
  .    ,  
        
.

     ,   XVI--XVII  .., 
   ,     , 
      
 .   ,     
 , , II  .., ,   
       ,  
        ,
  ,       
  XVIII .

        ,     
         ,
,   .       
    .

     -,        
  ,   " ".    
   100--120 ,      ,
, ,  $3'$    $2'$.  
      XVIII ,   
     . , ,
         
  .  ,      XVIII
  .       (Flamsteed,
1646--1719),         
,      .,    
  .

      ,   ,    
          
,   .

           
" " .   ,   
,    ,  
     .      ,
       .    , 
    . .   .
(A.Sharp), 13  1718 ,    F. Baily [1023].

         -     
   ?      ?  -,
    XVIII    , 
138  .., ""   ,  
.     ,   
,     = ,    ,
          
 .        
 ,     $3'$,    
     $1'$,   $2' - 3'$,  
 .         ,
   ,    ,   
X--XI  ..,  , ,   .
-,       
  $10'$,      
  .

           ,   XVI--XVII 
, ,     , 
  , .     XVIII ,  
,        
, " "    , 
   .

    3.   ""  ,   
       .     .

     ,   ..   " 
", .6,      
 .  ,   ""  
       [1358], .328.
     "",   
II  ..        "" 
  I--XVII  ..,      
 .      .   
  ,  ..    
"  ", .6.      1053 + 333 =
1386  ""    " " 
  XVI  ..   ,   
1524--1547  ..  ,    ""
  :  138--161  ..  [797], .65.

      ,    "  "
       .  
   1537 ,   1538 , ""
  1528   ..  ,   
    " ",    
.   ,     
 ,     ,   
.

              .
    I--III  ..   
X--XIII  ..     XIV--XVII , 
        "".
,      --
 XVI  -- ""    I
(1493--1519).        
,        
.      , ,
 :    . .  
   .11.13.      
 .      
   [304], .2, .561. .  "  ", .6.

    ,  ,   
     
     XIV --  XV .

      4.      
                          .

           
VII--XIII  ..     
.       
 .        
 [1339],       
,     .   
 , .11.14,    
      .  ,
       
 .  .11.15     
   ,   , 
  ,   .

               4.1.   .

     1) Paris Codex 2389.  ,    No 19, .  ,
    [1339], .19.  ,
     ,   ,
,    ,        
(  ).      
IV,    1053--1106  ..     
   , . .     
.     ,
      .    
      IV.  
      IV.  
    1053--1106  ..    
      XI     XII
 ..        
  X--XIII     XIV--XVII ,
 ..   "  ", .6,
 ,      
  XV--XVI .   " IV"  
  III (1440--1493).    
  360 .

         , 
 "",        .  
,      
   .       
  " ",     
.   , ""     
    . 
   " "  
      .  
,        
 IX . , ,  "".
     .  [1339], .19.    
  :   IX  .. ( ), 
 XI--XII  .. (  IV).

   ,    ,  
   XV--XVI .

         ,   ,
,  ,   [1339]    
     .    ,
 -  ,  - 
.        
  ,    .
     [1339] 
"",        .

    2) Paris Codex 2390.    XII  ..

    3) Paris Codex 2391.   XV  ..

    4) Paris Codex 2392.   XV  .. 
,   .

    5) Paris Codex 2394. ,   1733 .

    6) Vienna Codex 14.   XVI  ..

    7) Venice Codex 302.   XV  ..

    8) Venice Codex 303.   XIV  ..

    9) Venice Codex 310.   XIV  ..

    10) Venice Codex 311.     
 XII  .. ,   , 
    .   ,  
    Venice Codex 313,  
  X  XI  ..     Venice
Codex 303,     XIV  .. [1339].
-     ,  
  .

        ,   
   XII  XIV  ..

    11) Venice Codex 312.    
XII  ..,   --  XIII  ..

    12) Venice Codex 313.    X  ..,
    XI  ..

    13) Laurentian Codex. Pluteus 28, 1.   XIII 
..

    14) Laurentian Codex. Pluteus 28, 39.   XI 
..,     VII  VIII.

    15) Laurentian Codex. Pluteus 28, 47.   XIV 
..

    16) Laurentian Codex. Pluteus 89, 48.   XI 
..    ,     
 Venice Codex 310,    XIV  ..

    17) Vatican Codex 1038.   XII  ..

    18) Vatican Codex 1046.   XVI  ..

    19) Vatican Codex 1594.   IX  ..  -- 
   .  ,  [1339]  
  .  ,     
  Venice Codex 313, "     "
[1339], .21.   Venice Codex 313  (.  No 12)
  X,  XI  ..

    20) Vatican Codex, Reg. 90.     , "
, ,   " [1339], .21.    - 
  .        
 .

    21) Bodleian Codex 3374.   XIV  .. 
,  ,  .

               4.2.   .

    22) Vienna Codex 24 (Trapezuntius).  ,
 "Magnae compositionis Claudii Ptolemae i libri a Georgio
Trapezuntio traducti". ,   --   
 .     
   1528  ..    : "Finis
17 Marcii, 1467",   " 17  1467 ".

    23) Laurentian Codex 6.      1471  1484
 ..    .    .

    24) Laurentian Codex 45.   XIV  ..
  ,   .  
       .

    25) British Museum Codex. Burney 275.   XIV 
..     .   ,
 .

    26) British Museum Codex. Sloane 2795.   
, ,  ,   1300 
..,  , ,  ,   1272  ..
 ,    .

    27) Crawford Codex.   XV  .. 
,    .

    28) New College, Oxford No 281.    
 ,       XIV  ..

    29) All Souls College, Oxford No 95. -  
,    .    XIV 
..

            4.3.   .

    30) Laurentian Codex 156.   .
   ,  -
   827  ..

    31) British Museum 7475.   .   615
  , ,    
   (, )    , 
 1218  ..       
 (!).

    32) Bodleian Arabic Almagest, Pocock 369.  799  
,    1396  ..   .

    33) British Museum Arabic Manuscript, Reg. 16, A. VIII.  
 XV  XVI  ..  .

        , .11.14,  
       
  ,      
   . , ,  
1272     1300 ,   
   No 26.     
,      ,  
 .

          .    
      ,   
,        .

          4.4.    .

            
,  ..   
 (-) [544], .4.

    34) Joannis de Monte Regio et Georgii Purbacho Epitome in Cl.
Ptolemaei magnam compositionem. ,  1496  (?).

          : <<, ,
       "
   ",   ,  
    : , 1496 >> [544], .4, .218--219.
 ,    ,  
     ,     
 . .  [544], .4, .195--196.

    35) Almagestu Cl. Ptolemaei Phelusiensis Alexandrini. Anno
Virginei Partus 1515 [544], .4, .195--196.   
   1515   .   [1024] ,
  --   ,     1537 , 
    .    1515 
 .   ,    ,
      
 . .. ,    
  .

    36) Claudii Ptolemae i Phelusiensis Alexandrini. Anno Salutis,
 1528, ,  .   
 .      
  ,      [1339]. ,
    1528 ,    
   [1339].

           :
  1537   ,    1538  
.

    37)    1537 : Cl. Ptolemae i. Pheludiensis
Alexandrini philosophi et mathematici excellentissimi Phaenomena,
stellarum MXXII. Fixarum ad hancae tatem reducta, atque seorsum in
studiosorum gratiam.

     Nunc primum edita, Interprete Georgio Trapezuntio.

     Adiecta est isagoge Ioannis Noviomagi ad stellarum inerrantium
longitudines ac latitudines, cui etiam accessere Imagines sphaerae
barbaricae duodequinquaginta Alberti Dureri. Excusum Coloniae
Agrippinae (,   --   -- .), Anno
M.D.XXXVII, octavo Calendas Septembres.

   38)    1538 :
$K\lambda.$
${\mit\Pi}\tau o\lambda\varepsilon\mu\alpha\widehat{\iota}o\upsilon$
$M\varepsilon\gamma\acute\alpha\lambda\eta\varsigma$
${\mit\Sigma}\acute\upsilon\nu\tau\alpha\xi\varepsilon\omega\varsigma$
$B\acute\iota\beta\lambda$. $I{\mit\Gamma.}$
${\mit\Theta}\varepsilon\acute\omega\nu o\varsigma$
$\acute
A\lambda\varepsilon\xi\alpha\nu\delta\rho\varepsilon\acute\omega\varsigma$
$\varepsilon\hat\iota\varsigma$ $\tau\grave\alpha$
$\alpha\hat\upsilon\tau\grave\alpha$
$\acute\upsilon\pi o\mu\nu\eta\alpha\tau\acute\omega\nu$
$B\acute\iota\beta\lambda.$ $IA.$  (Claudii Ptolemaei Magnae
Constructionis, id est perfectae coelestium motuum pertractationis Lib.
XIII.  Theonis Alexandrini in eosdem Commentariorum Libri XI.  Basileae
( -- .) apud Ioannem Walderum An. 1538. C. puv. Caes.  ad
Quinquennium).

    39)      1542  [544], .4,
.195--196.

    40)      1551  [544], .4,
.195--196.

    41) Claudii Ptolemaei inerrantium stellarum Apparitiones, et
significationum collectio. Federico Bonaventura interprete.  Urbini
1592.

          , .11.15,
  600  ..  1300  ..,   ,
  ,  
  .   , 
      
      
.   ,    XIV , 
  ,       .   
     ,  
   ,    
.      
,   ..  .  
      
      
   .

   ,        
 ,        . ,
       , ,
  ,  XVI--XVII  ..,  
  .  ,     
   . .   
"  ", .1.      
      ,
 ,     .  
  .       
    .       
   ,     
.    ,    ,
  ,      ,
   X   XV  ..,  
       XVII--XVIII .

          ,  , 
     .  . 
[740], .19--25.

         XVI   
 3000      4000  [740],
.56.    \'     .

     , --    ! --
 .  ,      
    [740], .120.

   4.5.      .

          .11.14  .11.15.  .11.15
   ,   
  .

   (),  1436--1476.

 ,  1473--1543.   1543   
 "   ",  
  ,     
     .

   1546--1601.

  (),  1423--1461.

  ,       ,
 1471--1528.

 ,  1394--1449.

  1571--1630.

  1564--1642.

   1656--1742. ,    
    1718 .

   1611--1687.

      I 1493--1519. . 
  .11.13. ,    ,
    ""  
  ,  138--161  ..

  ,     
, 1540--1609.  1583    
  [1387].

  ,  ,   
  , 1583--1652. .   
[1337]  [1338].

  ,     1445 
..

            .
  ,       
 .      
"",       
        ,   
XV--XVIII .  ,    XVII--XIX 
   ,   "" 
  ,   ..     
    
 .       
.

  1)   ?   , ,  
 ..

  2)    ?    
  ,      ""  ? 
 ,   ?   ?

  3)   ?     ? 
 ?     ,
?    ?

  4) ,   ,     
" ". :      ?    
    XV--XVI  .. --   
 I ?

  5)  ,     
 . ,  (Pius)  ",
, " [237], .773.   , 
  -  . ,   
       .
       
.

  6)    : " 
  . ,    ".
   . :   ""  
 ?     ,    
 ,     
 ""     .

  7)    : "  , 
   . ,    
   ".

      .  :    
    ?  ,     
   .   ,    
 ,     XVII . 
     ""   ,  
 , ,  XV .

    ,   :     
?  ,   XV,   XVI--XVII ?

           .
,    --     
       .  
      - 
.  ,  ""   
       "
"  : "-     -
...     ".  
,        "" ,  
     
    .

               5.    ?

     ,    " " 
    ,   
   . , ,   .
    . .    [1339].
 ,        
"" . ,   , ", ".
, " ".      
        "
".     ,  ,
 .        :
   1537  1538 .    
   20 !

      ,     "
"      .
    ,      
   ,  - 
-,   "  
".  --     
.  ,      
   ,  , ,
"  ",   ,
  ,  ,  .  
,       
   X--XIII .      -
    XVI--XVII .

  6.   ,     "
                    ".

         6.1.    "" .

         ,  ""
    .   
  . ,   ""  
   ,     VI
  .., ,  ,    624--547
  .. [395], .13.     IV   .. 
         
[395], .14. ,    460   .., , 
19      235  . 
  .      
 [65], .34-35.

     "      .  
  VI   ..,         "
[65], .36.   ,      
           
. "       
  " [65], .36--37.

            ,
   470 --  399   ..   ,  
    ,   ,   , ,
,       .   
         ,   
        [395], .23.
<< ,       
   ,    
     ,  .  
"",         ->>
[395], .31.

        VI   ..     
,  ,    ,   
   .   ,   
390 --  310   .., ,     
         [395], .24.
"      ,  
 , --    ( -- .),  
,    VI   V   .." [65], .38.

     ,    460 --  370   ..,
,       , 
   .    
.     ,  ,    , 
,      .     
,     ,  .    ,
    ,   . "
   ,    
.  ,  , ,      
   ,      ,
       " [395],
.25.  .11.15a      .
    ,     .   
   ,   .   
 .     ,  
...

     ,    428--347   ..,  
  ,      
   .  , 
,      ,  - 
  [65], .38. ,  ,  
     .   ,  :
, , , , , , , .

       ,    408 -- 355  
.., ""     . , , -- 
.   ,     
 ,     [395], .  27.  
    .  ,  
       .  
 27       .

     ,    384--322   .., , 
       ,    
            
[395], .30. "     
      .     
 ( ,     ..)  ,  
,      " [395], .30.  
     ,     
,         .
       . 
    ,      
      
  ,        
[395], .30.     ,   
     .
        
  . "  2150  
      "
[395], .30.

           
  ,   , 
,      III   .. [65],
.44.

      "", ,  " " [127]. 
  ,    310--250   ..
 ,        
    --  -- .       "
     ".    :

 1)     .

 2)          .

 3)      ,   ,
     ,   , 
  .

 4)      ,   
         .

 5)      .

 6)      .

      : "      ,  
       
. ,      " [395],
.33.   , "-,     
  ,  ,   ,     
        " [395],
.33.

            ,
   287--212   ..: " ...
  ,    \' , 
  .   ,      
    ,     
 ,    ,    
     ,    
,  , ,   , ,
        ,  
     " [395], .34.

         .   
    XVI--XVII  ..   , 
""        .

          .  
    ,    276--194
  .. ,  ,  ,
   1,3\% !  ,   
    , ,   , 
$23^o 51'$. ,        
. .  8  .   , 
       
 .

     ..   [280]   
""      .  
.., "    -
 ,   ,     
,    ,     ,  
.      ,   
      !" [395], .38.
  " " --  "
",      
,    .  ,   -- 
XV--XVI ,      .

   ""  ,  "    
 ,       , 
  ,  ,  ,   
   ,   ...   
...           
,    ...    
,   ,  ,   ,  
      .  
    ,  ,     
        ,  
      ,      
    ,       , 
  " [948], .14.

         ,  
.  : "  -    
   (sphaera),      ,
,     ,   
  ,         ,   
    ,    -- 
 ?" [951], .129.

          XVI--XVII ,   
       ,
      .  ,
 , ""    XV--XVII  ..  
  .

      ,      
       
.    ,    
      ..  <<
   ,   
       
(   ,     ); 
    "Phaenomena"  
 ( 300   ..)>> [65], .46.  , 
        
   ,    
   ,     ,
     III   ..  [65], .49.

      ,    ,  
 185--125   ..,  ""  
  . "    
     ,  
    ,   (  
 --  ) ,     
" [395], .43.

           . 
   --    
   .  169      
   18   , ,   
,    [395], .43--44.  
 ,  850 .       
   .   ,  ",
   [] ,    
;         , 
       , 
   " [65], .56.

         (1749--1822) 
   "Histoire de l'Astronomie Ancienne":  " 
,    ,   
        , 
        
   " [65], .63. ,     
     .  
  --        (
).

   ,  "" ,  , ,
 ,        , 
   .   
  ""    ,   
     . , 
""        
        
 .     ""  
.   V   " "    
  . "  ,  
 ...         
,   ,       -- 
      --   ...  ... 
,   ,    ,
 .    ,     
,     ,      -- 
,         ,  
  .   ,    
    ..." [482], XLIV, 37;
[483], .513--514.

     ,    , --   
   , --     
""    2000    . .  [1154],
.190--191, No.27.  ,    ,  "
 "   .   
,        , 
,         
   II  ..  X  ..

     6.2.   "  " 
                    .

   ,   ,  "" 
  .   ,  , " 
         
" [65], .63. , ,   ,  
      
 [65], .64.      
    " "  
   .    
"   ".     
       . .
:  "  ,      
,   " [65], .64.  ,
    .     127--141  .. 
        168  .. [65].

       6.3.   "  "  
                       .

         ""
    ,   
 VI  ..   ,    
     --  
  .    ,   VI
 ..,   ,   .

      ,    
 .        
 " " [1177], .262.   .11.16 
 (  ,  .11.40, .11.40a).    
 ?   ,   ,  , 
 .       
-.         
 .     -.  
""     
,       ,
, X-XIII .

        " ",  
    , ,   ,
 535  ..      
 .    , 
   :  <<   
 [  ] ,    , 
  " "   
  ",     
"...    ,  
  >> [395], .77.    ""
.    ,  ,     ,
,  ,   XIII--XIV  ..  .   "
 ", .6.      ,
       ,   
.

           ,  
 ?      
   VI  ..?   ,   
  ,      
 ?  ,      
" ".    
  .  "  .   
      
   ,       --
     1000 ,   
...      1000      
  " [395], .73.   ,
-- ,  ,  , --   
:    , ,   .

   . : "    
.      ,    
 ,    ,  
 ,   ...   
   ,     
   (365  ..);     
-    " [65], .72.

    ,   , 
   " " . << ,
       
...    ,    
   ,    ,
   , ,   , 
   ...     , 
 ...    .  , 
      ...  . 
,    (  IX .!)  ""
   >> [395], .74--75.

   .      :
"       
   (1543)...   ...    
    ...
     - ,  
    ,    , 
   ,  ,
        
,     .  ,   
,         
 .     ,    
        
 " [65], .75.

    . : "  ,   ,
     (  VI  .. --
.)...     ,   
  " [65], .81.

       .  "", "", " 
", " "  ..   , 
     .  
,    ,  "" 
- ,   , " " 
""  "".     
  , ""  ""    
.

  6.4.  ,     ,  
                      .

           ###    "".

        ,    
        
  "".       
.: "      ,  
(      -- .),    -
  .     
      ,   ,
 .      
   .     
     
 " [65], .80.

     "", ,  
   .     " 
",      . 
      
.

      ,  "  ""  
  ,  - (765  766--809),
  "   ".  -,  
 ;       
 - (?--873)     - (?--910 
911),   ,   -
(836--901),    IX ...    
    ,  
" [65], .76--77.  ,    
.

            
.        829
  -. "-    
    .    
   , , ,  
        ,  
        ;
 ,        "
[65], .77.

       ,    
: "      , 
        
 ,    
  " [65], .77.

         IX     
- (,  " ")  
-. ,       
, "      ,   "
[65], .77.   - "   
  ...   ,  
 ...  ...  ,...  
   ,   
    " [65], .77.

        
- (),     878--918
     929 . " 
  - ( 939  940--998),  
  ,    ,  
 (! -- .);        ,
   ,     
 (! -- .)" [65], .78.

           -? 
 -  -, ?--1008   950--1009
 [395], .83.       --
   , "    
" [65], .78.

       
 "  "  - =  -
-,  903--986 .  ,  "-" 
 "" [395], .80. ,   
      .  
 ,   . ,  -
"     " [395], .80.

       ,  973--1048 ,  
 ,      
   $23^o 33' 45''$.   "    
" [395], .83,  , , ,  5
.   1031--1037     " `" --
 .       
  $\varepsilon$,  $23^o 34' 0''$.   
   $23^o 34' 45''$.   1029   
       - [395], .84.
"  " `"       
" [395], .84.

       X--XII     ,
    .  -,
        1029--1198 ,
      1080  
  --    .  
     -  ,
 1126--1198 ;  -  ,  1135--1204
;  -,    1204 .  , 
- ""    [395], .86.

     ., "    
     ;   
 ,   ,   , ,
    .    - 
-   -.      1236
,  --  1248 ,       
 " [65], .79.

           
-,  -.   1258    .
          
- -,   ,  ,  1201--1274 .
         
,  --  .  ",  
,       
,   ,  ,     
 ;       "
[65], .79.        
,     -  
 .      
   , "     
" [65], .80.

     ,      
    ,  1394--1449, 
. ,   1424 ,  
.  "   ,  
    ,     ,
  ,     .  ,  
,       .
     ,    , 
  ...       
     ,  , 
 ,  ,   ...    
   " [65], .80.

           ,  
      
"" ,   ,   
   .      ., 
    ,    
 ,   ""  
    "".

            ###    "".

     " X       
    " [65], .81.   ,
      II   999  1003 ,
    . "  
       ,   
    " [65], .82.

         XI  ..  ,  1018 -- 
1097 ,    () ""   
, --    ,  
,   , --   ,
   ,   , ,
  . [395], .78.

     "       
" [395], .92. ,    XII  
        
.     1116  
"" .      "" .
   ,  1114--1187 , ,  ,
     [65], .82.  
   . "     
   XI--XII ,   XII--XIII  
       , 
       ,   ,
,       " [65],
.82.

         
   X,    ,  1223--1284
.         
  --    . 
  .      1252
     .  ,  " 
   -  ,    ,
  ,     ,  "
[65], .82.

       Libros de Saber -- 
    . ,   
      ,  " 
,   ,   . 
   ,      
(! -- .)    ...  , ,   
     ,  " [65],
.82--83.   "   
    " [395], .93.

          ,  
1200--1256 ,     
.    Sphaera Mundi ( ) "
    - ;  
,   ;     
 , - ; 25   
 1472    XV ,   40   XVII "
[65], .83.

       ,     
,   ""    
X--XII  ..,     , 
 X--XIII  .. "    
       ,  
 ;        
,  -  " [65], .83.

         ,   1300 --
 1358 ,     . 
,     "     
  ".      ,  
1323--1382 ,  "    ",  
,  ,     . 
,  1401--1464 , ,    
   .  --   "  "
[395], .96--97.

     ,    XV  .. "   
,     ,    
,      
  " [65], .83.

      ,  1423--1461 ,  " 
", ,  ,  .  ,
      ,
" " [65], .84.  
     [395], .94, 
,  1436--1476 .  , --  
 , --    [65], .84.

    ,  "     
      " [395], .94.
,   , --    "  ", --
    1472 ,    . 
    "  ".
   1472  1473   , 
   ,    [65], .85. 
,       1461  
  ,  " "  
- [65], .84.  1468       
 .    ,    
 .   ,  1430--1504 , 
        ,
   .

   "    
   ,   , 
  ,   ,  
-   ( ,  ,  
,      -- .)" [65], .85. 
 ,   1476 , "   
     ;   (! -- .) 
     ,   ,
,   " [65], .87.   , 
, "    , 
,         
$5'$,    --  $1'$,    
 " [395], .95.

    ,           
   ,   "
 ".    ,  1452--1519 , " 
   ,    
 ,        "
[65], .87.    " "  "
".  ,  1483--1543 ,   , 
1495--1552 ,  ,      
,  .  --   
.  ,  1492--1577 ,   
   .  " 
 ,     -,   
1528      (1497--1558)" [65],
.87--88.

              .
.      .
"       ... 
, , ,      
,    " [65], .88. .. 
:  "      
      " [395].
  ,        
(1873--1956), " 1500    ,  , 
  212   .." [395], .98.

        ###      XV--XVI .

      ,  1473--1543 , --  
 .  ,   ,   
    [65].   1  
    " ,
     2000 :   
,      
" [395], .109.    ,
, , ,   .    -- 
    XVI     XVII  
     .

    ,       
--  ,    1514 .   
,    ,     
  (1511--1553) [65], .114--115.    
        .  
  .      
    ,     
       .

     1561   IV - (1532--1592) 
 ,      
       
 . .  1,   [65], .117--118.   1586  
     121 .   
      .    . 
1. " 21 ,     ,    
     ,   
  ,     .
       " [65], .123.

          ,   
       .
        .    
         
.       
    ,  
 .

      ,    (1548--1600),   
     .  
 ,      .

       (1564--1642) --  , 
     :  
  ,  , 
  ..     .

       (1571--1630) --   , 
 ,   .

     " XVII      , 
        
" [65], .178.      
:   (1591--1626),  
(1590?--1675),   (1620--1682),   (?--1691).

               ,
    ,  
,  .

  6.5.   ,  
         ,   
                     -.

        X   ..    .  
     , 
 .    " " 
   ,       
 .       
 ,        
 .    ,     ,
, "",     
   .  , , ,
   .   ,    
       .
,        --  .
   -     .

      .     
" "   . ,     
    .   ,  
        
   .     .   
 : . "  " [614], .
"  " [65]  .. " "
[395].  .,    , 
   ""   
.  .  ..    
""   .     
     .

     1) ,  ,   ..

     2) , , ,  
, , .   ,   
,    .

     3)   ,  
.     .

             
  ,     [614], [395], [65] , --  
 ! --   .    
   ,  
.  ,  ,    .  
,       -  
,    
.

      . [614]   .   .
[65]    17--244.    
  .   .. [395]  
5--189.     .  ,  
     ""  XVIII  ..
.    XVIII ,  XIX  XX , 
  .       .

     ,  ., .  ..    , 
         . 
    ,      
     . ,  , 
   "    ".
      ,  -- 
,   .  ,     
  .  ,   --   , 
      ,      
 .        .   
   "   ",   , 
"  "        
.      (  , --  
),     .   
     ,     .

         ,     . 
      .  
  - "" -  ,  
,    -  .   , 
  -    .

        ,    . 
   1  220.   ,    [614],
[395], [65]  220     .

           
   .     
     ,   .
,      ,  
 .   , ,    
     ,
   .   
       : ""  -- 37
;  -- 2 ;  -- 1 ; ,   II   ..
 700  .. -- 35 ;  -- 1 ;  -- 6 ; 
 -- 26 ;   700  ..  XVIII  ..  -- 112
.

              
.       
.   ,  ,   -  
     .

                      "" .

1) ,   VIII   .. 2) ,  725 -- 
650 .  .. 3) ,   716 --  673 .  .., ,
  . 4)  ,  624--547 .  ..
  . 5) ,  610--546 .  .. 6) ,
  594   .. 7) ,   585 -- 525 . 
.. 8) ,   580 -- 500 .  .. 9)  ,
  544 --  470 .  .. 10)  (, )
 ();   VI--V   ..  
. 11) ,   VI--V   .. 12) , 
 500 --  428 .  .. 13) ,   490 -- 
430 .  .. 14) ,   470 -- 399 .  .. 15) ,
  460 -- ? .  .. 16) ,   460 -- 370 .
 .. 17) ,   432   .. 18) , 
427--347 .  .. 19)  ,   408 -- 355 .  
.. 20)   ,   IV   .. 21) 
,   390 -- 310 .  .. 22) ,   IV
  .. 23) ,  384--322 .  .. 24) , 
 370 --  300 .  .. 25) ,  341--270 .  ..
26)  ,   410 -- 250 .  .. 27) ,
  IV--III   .. 28) ,   IV--III 
 .. 29)  ,   1-  III   ..
30) ,   III   .. 31) ,   III  
.. 32) ,   287 -- 212 .  .. 33) , 
 276 -- 194  196 .  .. 34) ,   264  
.. 35)  ,   262 -- 200 .  .. 36)
,   185 -- 125 .  .. 37)  ( ),
  II   ..

                           .

38)  ,   1100   .. 39)  ,   IV
  ..

                           .

40) ,   280   ..

           ,   II   ..  700  ..

41) ,   100 -- 50 .  .. 42) ,  
100   .. 43) ,  106--43 .  .. 44)  
,  99--55 .  .. 45)  ()   ,
   I   .. 46) ,  70--19 . 
.. 47)  ,  59   .. -- 17  .. 48) , 
43   .. -- 17  .. 49)  II,   
    I; ,    I  ..
50)  (),  2-  I  .. 51) , 
3   .. -- 65  .. 52)  ,  23--79  24--79
. .. 53) ,  46--126 . .. 54) ,   II
 .. 55) ,   98--100 . .. 56) ,  
I--II  .. 57)  (), ? --   168 
..,      127--141 . .. 58)
,   II  .. 59)  ,   II--III
 .. 60) ,  185--254 . .. 61) , , 
  III  .. 62) ,   238  .. 63)
   (),   ,   250 --
 320 . .. 64) , ,   300  .. 65) 
,   IV  .. 66)  , 
,   330--379 ... 67)  ,  
347 --  407 ... 68)  ,  354--430 ...
69) ,   V  .. 70)    (
),   V  .. 71) ,   V  ..
72)   ,   V  .. 73) ,  
509  .. 74)    ,  ,
  535  .. 75) ,  ,   600
 ..

                             .

76) ,   476  ..

                           .

77)  ,  680--760 ... 78)  , 
805--870 ... 79)  ,   820 --  891 ...
80)   \' --   (
),   1000  .. 81)    ,   XI
 .. 82)   1018 --  1097 ...

                           .

83) -,  786--833 ... 84) - -, , 
   IX  .. 85)  - -,
,   783 --  847 ... 86)  -, 
836--901 ... 87)  -, ? --  873 ... 88)
-,   IX  .. 89)  - (),
,    IX  .. 90)   
- - (), ,  850--929 ... 91)
 -, ? --  910  911 ... 92)  - -,
,  903--986 ... 93) -- -   ,
 940--998 ... 94) - (  ),
 950--1008  1009 ... 95) -,   961 -- 
1036 ... 96) - -, ,   990  .. 97)
- , ,  973--1048 ... 98) -
-, ? --   1000  .. 99) -\' -,
   XI  .. 100) - (),
 .  ,  1029--1087 ... 101)
 - (),  1126--1198 ... 102)
-- (),  ,  1135--1204 ...
103) -,  , ? --  1204 ... 104)
 - ( ),  1201--1274 ... 105)
--,  1304--1376 ... 106) - - (),
  1412  .. 107)  (),  1394--1449
... 108)  - - (), ? --  1474 ...

                  700   XVIII .

109)  (  ),  735--804 ... 110) ,
  800  .. 111) ,   II,   999 
1003  .. 112)  , ,   1116 
.. 113)   , ,  1114--1187 ... 114)
 ,   1193 --  1280 ... 115) 
',   XIII  .. 116)   (,
),  1200--1256 ... 117)  ,   1214
--  1294 ... 118)  X,    1252  
,  1226  1223--1284 ... 119)  , 
1225--1274 ... 120)  ,  1265--1321 ... 121) 
,  1300--1358 ... 122)   (), 
1323--1382 ... 123)  -,   1325  ..
          "
..". 124)  ,  1401--1464. 125)  , 
1423--1461. 126)  ,  1430--1504. 127) 
()  (),  1436--1476. 128)  ,
 1445--1497. 129)  ,  1452--1504. 130)  
,  1452--1519. 131)  ,  1471--1528, 
     1515 . 132)  , 
1473--1543. 133)  ,  1483--1543. 134)  ,
 1495--1552. 135)  ,  1492--1577. 136)  ,
 1497--1558. 137)  ,  1510--1558. 138)  
  ,  1514--1576. 139)  ,   --
 ,  1511--1553. 140)  IV -,
 1532--1592. 141)  ,  1544--1603. 142) 
,  1546--1595. 143)  ,  1548--1620. 144)
  ? --  1571. 145) ,   1558. 146) 
 1540--1609. ,       
 .   XVI --  XVII   
  .      
   XVII ,    . 147)  
1552--1632. 148) ,   1559. 149)  
1546--1601. 150)  ()  1548--1600. 151)  
(), ? -- 1600. 152)  , ? -- 1619. 153)  
1571--1630. 154)   1564--1642. 155)  
1575--1650. 156)   1572--1625. 157)   1570--1624.
158)   1580--1626. 159)   1583--1652.
 ,   . 160)  
1560--1621. 161)   1596--1650. 162)   1590--1675.
163)    (), 1598--1671. 164) 
   1600--1675. 165)   1587--1615. 166)
 ,  1577. 167)  ",  1589. 168) 
,  1612--1644. 169)    1618--1663.
170)   1611--1687. 171)   1620--1682. 172) 
 1608--1647. 173)   1598--1647. 174) 
 1605--1694. 175)    1608--1679. 176) 
 1614--1672. 177)   1623--1675. 178)  
1635--1703. 179)   1629--1695. 180)  
 1625--1712. 181)  , 1627 . 182) 
 1638--1675. 183)   1646--1720. 184)  
1651--1742. 185)  " 1644--1710. 186)   
1646--1716. 187)   1643--1727. 188)    
1657--1757. 189)   1677--1756. 190)  
, 1667 . 191)   , 1675 .
192)   1689--1728. 193)  , ? -- 1696. 194) 
 1656--1742. ,       
1718 . 195)   1693--1762. 196)   1698--1746.
197)   1700--1764. 198)   1698--1758. 199) 
    1701--1774. 200)   1704--1760. 201)  
   1698--1759. 202)   1707--1783. 203) 
  1711--1777. 204)  ,  1700. 205)
   1717--1783. 206)   1724--1793. 207)
  1732--1811. 208)   1737--1823. 209) 
 1731--1810. 210)   1730--1787. 211)   
1714--1787. 212)   1723--1762. 213)    
1713--1763. 214)    1749--1827. 215)   
( ) 1749--1822. 216)   1732--1798. 217)
   1736--1813. 218)  , ? -- 1751. 219) 
 1771--1851. 220)    1791--1865.

        .     , .
 146  159,   [614], [395], [65]  .  
   ,      
.      
.

      .11.17, .11.18  .11.19     
 .      .
      ( )  
 .   ""    
.

       ,   ? , 
   .

    -,      
 " "      .
      , 
     .      "
"    " ".  
 .  .

   -,    1100  ..    .

   -,  ,  " " 
  ,   ,   
.   ""    VII  .. 
   XI  .. " "  
 VIII  ..     XII  ..    XII
       .

          ,  
 .      , 
  ,   ,   . , 
          .  
 ,   .11.20  .11.21.  .11.20
        
,    --  .   
       .  "
 ",   ,   IX--XI
 ..

    .11.21      
 ,   .   "" . 
      .  
 " ".    
""   VII  XI  ..    XIII--XIV  ..
    .  ,   
1300  ..       .  
  "",  "" . 
"".

           
,      , .  "
 ", .6,  " -  ", .5-7.
   ,     
  XIV--XV  .. ,      XI
 ..,  ,    ,  
   .     XIII--XVII
       ,  .  
     " 
"  ,    ,     ..
  "  ".

                      6.6. .

     1)      
:   "" ,  
 ,     ,   XIII
 ..

    2)    ,    
   XIV--XVI  ..  "
"      ,   "" .  
   ""    .

    3)     , 
-  ""    "
"   XI--XVII  .., ,   
"".

  /    ,  
.

  /       
 .

  / ,   ,   .

  /       -- 
--  --  -- .

  /   .

  /   .

  /   .

  /  .

  /   :  
..

  /    ,  
.

  /  ,   "".

  /      
.

          , ,    
,  ""    1100   .., --  
   ""   , -- 
  ,         
 ,      
    $23^o 54' 02''$ [395], .8.   
 ,  --   - 
    XVI--XVII  ..

      --  .      
    ,      
  .       
        ,
  XIII--XIV  ..    
,  ,    XII--XVII .    
      
.      ""   
   .

    7. ,    .    
             ?

       7.1.      .
           
              XVI ,   ?

    ,     XV--XVI ,  1473--1543 
[395], .99.   ,      1546--1601 .
     1571--1630 .  , 
 ,        
:  , , .

    .11.22  .11.23     
.       .  ,
        .   ,   
 ,    -    , 
 .    : "     
   .     " [44], .80--81.
          
,  , -   , .11.24.  , ,
 ,    , .11.24a.  
--    ,     .11.22.
,   ,  ,   .

           
.  ,  :  " 
  ,  , ,  
         "
[44], .81.  ,  .   -     
   ,   ,   
   ,   -   .  
        ,   
      .  , , 
       ,     . ,
,   ,   .0.29 (. ),
     .      
     , .11.25.    
 -       .

      ,     XV--XVI 
-   ?    ,  XVII ,  
 "  XVI "    
  ,     ?

         .   ,
  . , "  
( -- .) ,  ,    XVII
;     :    
" [44], .8. .   [1152].   , 
       
.  , "        
.       
 19  ( ) 1473 .   
  ,  " [44], .8.

        "
"    . ,
" ,    19  1473 ,  4 
48  " [44], .8.        XV
     .   , 
,    " "    
 .   ,  "4  48 " -- ,
,  .  , ,      "
 ".    .    ,  
     XVII .     
   .     
 XVII ,   "  "  
" "   .  ,  
     ,   
 [926], [395], [44].

     ,     --  
  " ".

    ,      
  " "    
,   XVII .    
:  "       
  .          
" [44], .8.      "4  48
 "    
-   .   
XVII .

     ,   "" 
     : ,
  .        
[44], .39.       . , 
",    ...  
 " [44], .76.  , " 1520 . 
  ,    
     " [926], .56.

      ,     ,
      ,   
 .    :  "  
   ...        
,   ,         
 ,        
" [44], .41--42.

        :  "  1509 
  , ,    ,  
 . , ,     . 
   ,    
,  ,    " [44], .47.

         ,
  , ,    ,    
  .     .  
 .   ,  
, -,     .
     ? , 
     ,  
   .   
     ,
   - . ,
,   ,   . 
,       .  , .  
,    ,  .  
-  .

   : <<     
      .
     , ,
 .         
  .      , 
.  ,  ,  
    ,     : 
    ,       
  ...

          
       .   
  .     ,
 ,  "",  "
".   ,   "
",   .   
    >> [44], .54.

           
.11.26.    ,   
 --      , , ,
    ,    , 
  .   , -,
  - .    :  " 
     ..." [44], .56.

   ,  ""       
    , .11.27.     ,
     ,    
   ?     ,    
,  ,     --
, ,  -,     .

    .  ,  ,   
 ,     .   
    : " ,  
     .  
    ( $54^o 22'$),
    ,   , 
,   ,    
     ...     
    ... ...   
    ,    : " 
... ,...          
    $10'$ ( ) ".  
    ,     
    ,    
  ,      
"  ",    
" [44], .57.

         ,  ,  
  , -,     
  ,     
 .   ,    
      
.        
 ,   -   XV--XVI .  ,
,   ,  ,  
XVI     XVII .    
 .         .

           . 
"        
   ...   
- ...     
  .        
 ,     ,   , 
    " [44], .58--59.

         .      
         ? 
,   "   "    ,
    ?       , 
 ,    .    
  --   -  
,     ,    .  
   .

     . , "   
          
  " [44], .84.   , --
  , --   
     XVI ,  ? , 
 XVI     XVII .        
   XVI .

    7.2. ,    
                   .

     ,  <<     
.   , " ", --  ( 12
) ,    ,   
 .     ,   
    XIX  (! -- .)    (1877
.)   (1881 .).     -- " 
 "     1543 .   
      70-
       , 24  1543 .>>
[395], .101.

      : <<    "
"  >> [395], .101.  : " 
,         
:     ,  --  
 " [44], .85.

     , " ",   
XV--XVI ,       .  
          
  XIX .   ,     XVIII  
XIX  - ,      
  .        "
" -     
     XVI .

    .11.28, .11.29     "
  ".    [44],
.12--13.     XVI     . 
,     , .11.29. 
   ?  ,      
XVI ,      "  ",
.1.

    .11.30       
"   ",  1543  [44], .144--145.
       M.D.XLIII. 
  M  D    , .11.31.
     "  ", .6:12-13,
       .
, "   " ( M = , D = ) 
43 ".    --     
, --        , -- 
   .     -. 
 -.   ,    
 "1543 ",    .   
    XVII , . "  ", .6.

            
   ? ,   ,  
      !    
      " "  
   .  , ,     
..:  <<    "   "
, -,   1532 .      
        
 .  ?       
,        
 ,    ,      .
   ,       
   .  ,   
  >> [395], .104.

    ,    .     
. ,      
,   ,    XVII . 
-      
.      
    .   
,   ,    , ,  
 ,    .   ,
         ,
,    . , 
 , ,    ,  
   .

      ,      "
". ,         .
<<,    (,  XVII  --
.),     , : "  
       
  ...       
 -   ...    
    ,      ".  
      
>> [44], .109.

          
 .  ,    , 
 13    [44], .149.   ,
 <<    ,  
   "   , VI ".
  >> [44], .149--150.  
 -   ,   .
,  +   -   : 
  --   , ,  -- .   ,  
 ,  - .   ,    "" 
-  "" -- ++  
  "".  ,  
   1498--1552  [926], .59.

  : "       
:        
.         
,       " [44],
.149--150.  .. : "      
       
  (1498--1552),    
" [395], .114.

    , ,    .    
,      [44], .76.   
  ,      
   . ,   ,  XVI
         . 
 ,  ,  .    
   ,       
(. ),    .

           
,      : "   "
[44], .150.     : " 300  
    " [926], .59.

            
        XVII ?
  ,  "    1543 .  1000
,      . (1566 .)  
(1617 .)" [395], .113.  ,  "" 1617 
     . ,    
 ,  :  ,  " "
   1543   1566 ,   ?   ,
   M.D.XLIII    -.

    ,     .. "  ",
.6:12-13,      XVI--XVII ,
,           
.    ,      
  1543 ,   ,   1593  
.  , -  .

      --      XVI ,   1551
,  "   ", , 
,     [395], .104.   
   1571  1584 , <<      1582 .
  XIII   --  " ">>
[395], .104.

        ,       .  
  --    XVI ,    
      .  
    1571  1584    
 .  ,     
    .  ,   1582 
         .
  ,   ,    
 .  ,     
,  <<" "   -
     " ">>
[926], .61.

      7.3.     "  ".  
     ,   ,    --
                          .

     ,      ,  
,   -   -  
 .   : "   ,
         "
[395], .131.   , "      "
[395], .131.   ,   
  ,      
,       
 .       
.. [44], .59:

    "  --  ,   ,

       ,    

          ..."

             . 
   . "    
      ( -- .)
   " [44], .60.    
     .   
    !    ?

     ,  . , -,  , 
       
    ().  ,     -
   .   , 
     ,    
 ,     [926], .67.  ,
      ,    
 ,   .    
,      ,    
  .   ,    " "" 
   ,      " [395],
.131.    ,  .  ,   
        
,     " ",
,    XV--XVI .  , 
         . 
       
    .     , 
 ,  -  .

          .11.32, .11.32a. 
    .  .0.26  .0.27  . 
      ,    .
,       .   
     - [395], .132.  
 ,   " "    
  .  ! ,      
  ,       
 .    , ,  
.  ,  "",  ,    .

          (),  
.11.32, .11.32a,    , .0.26  .0.27  .
  ,    ,  --  
  .       
.   ,         .
 ,       .    
        ,  ,   
 ,    " ".    
   .     ,   , 
    .     
    .       
.  , ,    .      
. ,   ,    
   .      
.    ,       ,  
 .  ,       .   
,  ,     ,  ,
   "   ".

    ,     ()  
   .   , ,  
.  " "     , 
    ,   ,   
.   ,  "" 
 ,  ,     ,   
    .    XV--XVI 
 .

    ,     , 
         "
"  , .  "" 
 ,      
  -,   
   . ,   ,  
  ,        . 
    - . ,  ,
: "       
,           
" [395], .131.

         .   
    ?  -, 
"".        (  
),  -.   ,   " 
".    ,       
   ,   .  ,  " ".  
,          
      .   
 ,      ,   
   .      ,
,  .        
,       ,   .  
      ,    
, , ,   "   ".  
--    .     
         
   ,   .     
.     ,   , ,
    .   , 
  .         .
 ,       
  ""   XVII--XIX  
  ,       .

     -   , 
"         
         
  " [926], .67.    
  .        
 .  ,    ,
      .  
   .   . !   
    -   
 :  "          
...        - 
      ...  ,
         " [926], .68-69.

   ,  -   , , .,
      ,    
       [926], .67.  .
.11.32.        
      .      
 ,    ,   -- "". ?

   ,    " ", , .

   1)  --   .   
 , -,  XV--XVI .    
,     .    
,   .    
,       .
       ""
,    XII  ..     
   XII  ..      
 1152  ..,     .  , 
         
 .       .
          
XVI .

     ,   ,    
,    " ",    
    ,      
    .    
    .  .., ,   
   :  "    1024 . 
  ,        
 ,    $\gamma$ " [395], .109. ,
 , ,         
 , ,     , "  
"    .   XV--XVI    
      ,   .
 " ".  ,  
,  <<       
"">> [395], .105.     
,     XVI-XVII   
 .

   2)     ,   
XVI      = " ",   
   10.  ,    , 
 .     , 
,          . 
      
   .

   3) , , --     ,
  .    ,    
    ,     . , , 
,        , 
 .  ,  .    . "" 
,     .

           , ,  XVII
,   .   -    
  XV--XVI ,     .
,     .   , 
  -  ""   
      ,    .   
,    ,   .    ,
    ,    
        XVII ,  
,     ,  60--100    .

    ,   --      = 
(   ) --       XVI--XVII
.   ,     .
, ,   ,     
 .     
         .

    .11.33    1673    ,
        [44], .160--161.
  ,       ,
  .11.34.  -,  
 .   ,   ,   
,     ,   
 ,    ,   .  <<
 ,        "Ne
frustra vixisse videar!" - "   ">> [395], .128. 
  ,   (    ) 
 .  .11.34a   .

    7.4.  ,   ,     1543
           ,       ?

         .  
        
   ,  1543 , .11.35, .11.35a. 
       ,    .
..  :  <<   ,  
       .  
(.11.35 -- .)        (
  "De Revolutionibus").    ,  
        ,  
.  ,      
   . , , :    
  ,     (. .11.36 --
.),        .  
   $S$  ;        
  $A$   53000 ,      $B$ -- 
  $T$,     ,  $BT$, --  
    $1234$   $A$,   
 (   ),     3434 .
 ,          , 
""   .       
 >> [44], .177--178.

   .    : "   ,
         
    " [926], .58.

       ,       
  1543 ,      
   " ".   ,  
 , "     
 " [44], .179. ,     
   ,     ,  " 
     ,  
 ,       " [44], .179.
   ,      , 
  ,      
.

     ,      ,  
.11.35,   .     
 . ,     , 
 .    ,     
        
 .  ,   ,   
,   ,  ?      XVII ,
        ,
      ?

      , .11.36,   
       .  ,
,   ,    
.   ,       
.         
   .

          ,  
        
      . - 
       
    ,     .
,  ,     ,
       ,  
   .  ,  ,  -
.        
,  ,   ,  
    .   ,  
       
   .   ,    
  .       
    ()    
   .  ,   ,   
  ,     , 
       -- 
  .   ,     
XVII .

    ,  ,      
     ,  
.

      7.5.         
    " "  ,   
                          ?

   ,   (1571--1630) "   
 " [926], .72. ,  " 1596
.       " ",  
  " [44], .208.     
Prodromus Dissertationum Cosmographicarum continens Mysterium
Cosmographicum [926], .70.

       ,     ,
  ,   ,   
 .  , << ,  1618, 1620  1621 .
(  1000  ),    "Epitomae
Astronomicae Copernicanae", ..  " ( -- )
 ".      ...
    .  ""  
    ,      
 >> [395], .147.

   ,     <<   
... ""   1629 .    " 
",       1835 .>> [395], .149--150.
,   ,      
" ".   ,  " 
      1609 .    
  " [926], .72. -,  
.         
  .

       ,   
,       .
   : << 1616    
 ... ...   "  
 ">> [44], .193.       5 
1616 .     : << 
  ,  ,  
       
 ,     
"  "     "  ",
    ...   
     ...   ,    
  >> .  [395], .158--159.

     ,    1620 ,  
   .   : <<
  ,    
  "  "    ...
       
  >> .  [395], .159.

       .  ,    XVII 
   ,     
.       ,   ,
 -       .    
   .  ,      "
  ". , ,  -    . 
      .     
   ,       
   1543 .   ,  , --
     , --    
XVII .        " ",  
  .  ,  , .

   ,   -    
,      ,
  ,      1543
,       .  ,
     1616  1620  
"  "  ,    
.

     ,   XVII   
 = "" .     --
 .        
   .   ,   
  .    ,     
.

      ,    
   XVI    .   
  ,    .  
    , , ... << 
    ,    
     ,  ,  "
"  ...      ,  "
"   ,       
      ,    
        . 
         
 >> [395], .102.  ,   
" " [926], .61.

    ,   .   
,     ,  
  XX . , ,   " " .

           XVI , 
        .   
  .       
    ,  ,   XVII .
         " ". ,
, , ,    
  XVI .  , ,  .  
,   ,  ,   ,  
   .   "
"    ,    ,
 ,   .   ,     
.    XVII    ,  " XVI ",
   ,      .  
 ,      .

    ,    -   
XVII         
   ,   
      .  ,     
,     .  ,  
1600        [926], .76. 
     . " 1616 .    
 11     ,  
 ...      
,   ,    
...   ...    
  " [926], .79.

     : "   
   5  (1616  -- .)...  
   ... , ,  
   1617 ,  , ,   1854,
 ,   1822    VII   
,         
   ,   1835    
      , ,
  " [946], .134.

    , ,   1617    
   237 .    ! ,
     ,   ,  
  . ,   
  XVI       
 400    ?

        ,    ,  1543
,   .  ,  1566 ,  
,    1617  --  ,  
 1854 , ,   [946], .134.

        . :  ",
         
 ,     . 
 1617 ., ..         ,
    ,    ,
,        
" [926], .81--82.

       , << 1618 ... 
  "   ">>
[946], .135.      ,   ,
  .  ,    
 -     .    .
  XVII      
  ,      
 .       .
,     .  << 
 ,     1619  " "   
 "..."      
>> [946], .135.  ,  "" 
      .

         , 
   , -, ,   
, ""       
  (),  ""   , 
 .   ,   XV--XVI  
  ,    ""  .  
, ,  ,  XVII ,   "
        ",  
   ,      
   .   XVII   " 
    XVI "  .   
 ,  , ,     
 .

      , ,  , \'   , 
   ,    ,
 ,  XVII--XIX .     . 
     .

       .  ,  
        
XVI--XVII .     "",   +,
    +,    ?
,    , , -.  
 :  +  +.    ,   
        XVII .  
         
 ,  ?        
 .  ,     1571--1630,  
1473--1543.       , 
 .         
   . ,   , .
 "  ", .6,  "  ",
.2:2.        
 .     .

       , ,     
(  ) XVII  " "     
"   "  VI .  .   "
 ", .6:17,  " -  ", .7:5.
      .

        "" --  "". 
, ,    ,   -
  . ,   --   ,
    ,    .
       . ,  ,
  . ,  ,   .
, , -,    CUPRUM,    CYPRUS
[237], .284.    - ,  
    [237], .284.     
    ,    COPPER. 
 , -.  "  "   ,
-, . , ,     ,
 ,   ,  [926], .61.
,         
     .  , 
 .  ,     , 
 ""  --    
 .

  7.6.     " "  .

    ,       ,  
   , ,   ,    
XVI--XVII ,      
  , .   " ". 
 --         
    10:12--14    
,      XVI --  XVII 
   .  , 
  . ,  !   
       .  , 
   XVII     
 , . " ", .5.  ,  
,  XV--XVI ,   
" ".    XVI    
 .   ,     
     ().   
 .   .11.37.

   ,          
  XVI-XVII ,    
  (.   10:12--14)    
.       ,  
   :  "    
,      ,   
 ,   ".   [926], .61.   
  ,   , . 
   -  -- "",  
     .  ,   ,
   ,   .   
  ,      ,   --
  ,   .  ,  
    .     ,  
,  ,     XIX , 
  ,    XIX ,  
  "",     
    ,  .
,   ,  ,  
" ",   , ,   
 .      ,   
    ,  
.

     .  ,      
    ,   
()   XVI  ..

   8.        .
   ,         XI-XII
                               .

            
  --      .
      -- "" [418]. 
   XII ,   
 . ,        
XVII--XVIII .   ,   , , 
    ,   
.         
  .    
.

   ,        
:  "...    .  
 --      . 
        , 
    ,         
. ,     ,  ,
   ,   ,  
    " [418], .186.

        ,  
   (     ),
,   ,  , -,   ,
    .  ,   , 
XII .    ,   XII .  ,
   --   ,   ,
       .    ,
    ,    
    "" . . .

     "  ", .9,  
     .  , 
    XII--XVI .      
     ,   XII  ..  
    .

   ,   -- ,  ,   
, ,       , 
.           
"" [418]. , ,     .
   ,     ,   
       .
   II .        
   ,   .

     ,    ,    
      - .    
.          --  .
"  ...        
.     ,   
  ,       
...     
.  ,     -
,   ,         ,
       . ...   
 .       
        " [418], .186.

           
  .        
.    ,       
  [418], .186--187.      .

           
.  --    .  -  ,
 ,    .     
       . -,
 XVII , ,     
   "".    XVII ,  
     ,  
  II  ..      XII .  ,
       .  
    "",   
 .

           - ,
  , .    ,
, . ,   .  . 
,      ',    
   .

   ,   ,  , --  
     , .   [418], .682, --
,  ,   . , , 
     .   
,  XVI        "" 
=  .         
 . ,     .

            
 .    "",  1, .1.  ,  
 ""       XI ,  
     XVI .

   9.         
                " " .

         , 
XV  [1396:1].   "    
      " [90], c.23.  
     . ,
 "       
" [90], .23.

   << " "     
,    (     )
  ,    
...  ,      
,   ...     , 
  , , , ,   ;  
 , , , , ,  
;      ,  
...  " " , , 
 (1444?-1523),  ,  
  ...    
   ...    ,
  >> [90], .23-24.

           
  , .11.38.  , ,
 .    -    ,
.11.39.       :  1346   1546 .
  - ,      
 ,      .
     .   
 .      
  .  ,  -   
 .      
   "  ", .6:12-13.

    ,    XIV  XVI . 
    .

   ,        
.  -,      ,   
 . , . -,  , -    
, 1346  1546, -        
.  ,  ,   1444-1523  [90], .24.
  , ,   ,   
    .   1346    1444 
  .

    ,        ,
    .       
    .   .  
   .

    10.    PELUSIENSIS  PHELUDIENSIS  
                          .

          
   , -    , -
.  , ,      
1537  :

 CL. PTOLOMAEI PHELVDIENSIS ALEXANDRINI PHILOSOPHI ET MATHEMATICI ...

 .  .11.4.

       ,    1551
,  :

  CLAVDII PTOLEMAEI PELUSIENSIS ALEXANDRINI...

 . .3.18.

       PHELVDIENSIS ,   ,
PELUSIENSIS   .     , ,
 -  . ,  S,   ,  
   PELUSIENSIS, .3.18,      d
  .  ,      
  d,   - PhelvDiensis, .11.4.

  ,        - , 
     .   
,      . 
    -    
 . , ,    
 [704].  <<,     
(? - .) ...   ,   
 ...  ,  ,    
 ""   >> [704], .431.  ,
 PELUSIENSIS -    
  -  .   - 
  .

         . , 
        
  . ,    
.   ,  .   
  ,  POLUDEN(SIS).  SIS - 
 . ,   ,  
 PELUDENSIS,   -  PELUSIENSIS,   d  s. ,
    d   .     p
  ph,       .    
.  ,   ,   
 -    .

       -       .  
 .     
 .

   , ,      , 
 --      .  
.    -. 
      .   
 ,   .       - 
  ,   .

          . 
,     .   - 
 ,   ,   XVI .
 -  , .    "
", .7.

        .    
 .    .    ,
       -  
   .   -  ,  
.  ,      .   XVI
   ""  , ,
  .  ,    .    XV-XVI 
      
 .

   ,   .  .11.40, .11.40a
  ,   .  .11.41 -  
   .  .11.42 -    
- " " 1680  ( ):
"   ,   ,  8
 ,    130".  - ,   , 
    ,   . ,  
   ,      "" . 
,   , ,   ,   XV-XVI 
     .     
 XVII ,   ,      
 ?   ,   ,  XV-XVI ,
       XVII ,     
" "?

   11.  ,      .

       ,   
  ,       
    . . .11.43 -
.11.74.          
"  ", .   "    
 ". ,       XII-XIII
,           
XII-XVI .  ,    
   XII .


                           1

            ,   , 
                 

       : .1.1, .1.2, .1.3 
.4.4.        1 ( 4)    4
( 3) ,     -   .

    (.1.1)  ,  
   ,   $0,1''$       
,   .

    (.1.2  .1.3)  
,      .

 4.4,     3  4,   
,       
.

                   1.1

     1.1        
 1900 .       .

     1.1      BS5 (,
 ).        
     BS4 [1197].    
  .

     1.1   ,    
 1  "" .  --   
 ,      
   ,    
    .  ,  ,
   .  ,    
        BS5,  :

   1)        
         
 1900     $0,1''$  .

   2)        
   .

          
  .  .  1.

   "."   1.1    
   ,     
(K.Manitius, ed. B.G.Teubner, Leipzig 1913).  "." 
         [1339].
 "."       [1358].
 D        
       
.       .


 1.
 ,       .

    : .1.1, .1.2, .1.3  .4.4.       1 ( 4)    4 ( 3) ,     -   .

    (.1.1)  ,      ,  0,1''        ,   .

    (.1.2  .1.3)   ,      .

 4.4,     3  4,   ,        .

   1.1

  1.1          1900 .      .

  1.1      BS5 (,  ).              BS4 [1197].      .

  1.1   ,      1  "" .  --     ,          ,         .  ,  ,    .  ,             BS5,  :

1)                    1900     0,1''  .

2)            .

           . .  1.

 "."   1.1        ,      (K.Manitius, ed. B.G.Teubner, Leipzig 1913).  "."           [1339].  "."       [1358].  D                 .       .


   1.1

*BS194 -        731   ".161",       .

*BS 235 -        730   17Phi1Cet.

*BS 812 -       87 Mu Ceti.

*BS 869 -         46Rho3Ari  45Rho2Ari,  45Rho2Ari -  .

*BS 1453 -      -  Ups6Eri,         (.[1358]).

*BS 2846 -         - 58 Gemini.

*BS 3769 -         (IX 115)    : 35  10  ()  +22  45  () (   -- ).

*BS 3994 -        908   40Ups2 ,       .

*BS 4626 -             10 Vir,   5ZetCrv -     .

*BS 5838 -      ,    542,   ,      ,          .

*BS 6271 -         - Zet1Sco,     .

*BS 7715 -         2Xi 2Cap  1Xi 1Cap (BS 7712),  1Xi 1Cap -  .

*BS 8130 -        : 65Tau  66Ups  .

 

 1.1a
      (BS4, BS5)
[1197] 	   	    -
( ) 	    	    	   	D?
    	' 	   	 '
  15  	 21Alp And 	315 	 347 	 50 	 +26 	 00 	 2-3 	 
  21  	 11Bet Cas 	189 	   7 	 50 	 +51 	 40 	 3  	 
  33  	  6    Cet 	672 	 329 	 40 	 -14 	 40 	 4-3 	 
 163  	 30Eps And 	337 	 354 	 20 	 +23 	 00 	 4  	 
 165  	 31Del And 	335 	 355 	 20 	 +24 	 30 	 3  	 
 188  	 16Bet Cet 	733 	 335 	 40 	 -20 	 20 	 3  	 
 194 * . 	 17Phi1Cet 	731 	 339 	 00 	 -14 	 00 	 5-4 	 D
 194   . 	 17Phi1Cet 	730 	 339 	 20 	 -13 	 00 	 5-4 	 
 215  	 34Zet And 	344 	 354 	 10 	 +17 	 30 	 4  	 
 219  	 24Eta Cas 	180 	  13 	 00 	 +47 	 50 	 4  	 
 235 * . 	 19Phi2Cet 	730 	 339 	 20 	 -13 	 00 	 5-4 	 D
 235   . 	 19Phi2Cet 	728 	 341 	 00 	 -13 	 40 	 5 	 
 269  	 37Mu  And 	347 	   1 	 50 	 +30 	 00 	 4  	 
 321   . 	 30Mu  Cas 	185 	  14 	 40 	 +44 	 20 	 4  	 D
 330  	 80    Psc 	687 	 352 	 20 	 - 2 	 00 	 6  	 
 334  	 31Eta Cet 	727 	 345 	 00 	 -15 	 40 	 3  	 
 337  	 43Bet And 	346 	   3 	 50 	 +26 	 20 	 3  	 
 343   . 	 33The Cas 	185 	  14 	 40 	 +44 	 20 	 4  	 
 343   . 	 33The Cas 	186 	  17 	 40 	 +45 	 00 	 5  	 D
 361/2 	 86Zet Psc 	686 	 353 	 00 	 - 0 	 10 	 4  	 
 402   . 	 45The Cet 	726 	 349 	 40 	 -15 	 40 	 3  	 
 402   . 	 45The Cet 	726 	 349 	 40 	 -15 	 20 	 3  	 
 403  	 37Del Cas 	182 	  20 	 40 	 +45 	 30 	 3  	 
 417   . 	 48Ome And 	356 	  14 	 10 	 +32 	 30 	 5  	 D
 434  	 98Mu  Psc 	689 	 356 	 30 	 - 2 	 20 	 4  	 
 458  	 50Ups And 	352 	  12 	 20 	 +29 	 00 	 4  	 
 464  	 51    And 	351 	  15 	 10 	 +35 	 40 	 4-3 	 
 509  	 52Tau Cet 	723 	 352 	 00 	 -25 	 20 	 3  	 
 544  	  2Alp Tri 	358 	  11 	 00 	 +16 	 30 	 3  	 
 545  	  5Gam1Ari 	362 	   6 	 40 	 + 7 	 20 	 3-4 	 
 553  	  6Bet Ari 	363 	   7 	 40 	 + 8 	 20 	 3  	 
 585  	 59Ups Cet 	724 	 353 	 00 	 -30 	 50 	 4  	 
 617   . 	 13Alp Ari 	375 	  10 	 40 	 +10 	 30 	 3-2 	 
 617   . 	 13Alp Ari 	375 	  10 	 40 	 +10 	 00 	 3-2 	 
 622  	  4Bet Tri 	359 	  16 	 00 	 +20 	 40 	 3  	 
 646  	 17Eta Ari 	364 	  11 	 00 	 + 7 	 40 	 5  	 
 660  	  8Del Tri 	360 	  16 	 20 	 +19 	 40 	 4  	 
 740  	 76Sig Cet 	720 	   3 	 20 	 -28 	 00 	 4  	 
 781  	 83Eps Cet 	721 	   6 	 40 	 -25 	 10 	 4  	 
 799  	 13The Per 	194 	  27 	 30 	 +32 	 20 	 4  	 
 804  	 86Gam Cet 	714 	  12 	 40 	 -11 	 30 	 3  	 
 812 *  . 	 38    Ari 	374 	  15 	 00 	 - 5 	 15 	 4-3 	 
 813    . 	 87Mu  Cet 	717 	  12 	 40 	 - 6 	 20 	 4  	 D
 818  	  1Tau1Eri 	789 	   5 	 10 	 -32 	 10 	 4  	 
 824  	 39    Ari 	377 	  21 	 20 	 +12 	 40 	 5  	 
 838  	 41    Ari 	376 	  21 	 40 	 +10 	 10 	 4  	 
 840  	 16    Per 	219 	  24 	 40 	 +20 	 40 	 7  	 
 869   . 	 46Rho3Ari 	372 	  19 	 40 	 + 1 	 30 	 5  	 
 869 * . 	 46Rho3Ari 	372 	  19 	 40 	 + 1 	 10 	 5  	 
 874   . 	  3Eta Eri 	788 	  10 	 30 	 -23 	 15 	 4  	 D
 874  . 	  3Eta Eri 	787 	  12 	 10 	 -23 	 50 	 3 	 
 919  	 11Tau3Eri 	791 	   8 	 50 	 -38 	 30 	 4  	 
 921  	 25Rho Per 	204 	  27 	 40 	 +21 	 00 	 4  	 
 937  	   Iot Per 	196 	  31 	 30 	 +31 	 10 	 4  	 
 941  	 27Kap Per 	201 	  30 	 30 	 +27 	 00 	 4  	 
 951  	 57Del Ari 	369 	  23 	 50 	 + 1 	 40 	 4  	 
1084  	 18Eps Eri 	784 	  22 	 00 	 -28 	 00 	 3  	 
1101  	 10    Tau 	413 	  25 	 00 	 -17 	 30 	 4  	 
1136  	 23Del Eri 	783 	  24 	 10 	 -28 	 50 	 3  	 
1173  	 27Tau6Eri 	794 	  21 	 20 	 -41 	 20 	 4  	 
1210  . 	 43    Per 	218 	  45 	 00 	 +31 	 00 	 5  	 
1231  	 34Gam Eri 	781 	  27 	 00 	 -32 	 50 	 3  	 
1325  	 40Omi2Eri 	779 	  35 	 30 	 -27 	 00 	 4  	 
1346  	 54Gam Tau 	390 	  39 	 00 	 - 5 	 45 	 3-4 	 
1373  	 61Del1Tau 	391 	  40 	 20 	 - 4 	 15 	 3-4 	 
1392  	 69Ups Tau 	401 	  42 	 00 	 + 0 	 30 	 5  	 
1409  	 74Eps Tau 	394 	  41 	 50 	 - 3 	 00 	 3-4 	 
1411  	 77The1Tau 	392 	  40 	 50 	 - 5 	 50 	 3-4 	 
1453 * 	 50Ups1Eri 	798 	  34 	 10 	 -50 	 20 	 4  	 
1457  	 87Alp Tau 	393 	  42 	 40 	 - 5 	 10 	 1  	 
1473  	 90    Tau 	388 	  42 	 10 	 -10 	 00 	 4  	 
1543  	  1Pi 3Ori 	755 	  44 	 50 	 -15 	 50 	 3  	 D
1656  	104    Tau 	396 	  50 	 20 	 - 5 	 00 	 5  	 
1708  	 13Alp Aur 	222 	  55 	 00 	 +22 	 30 	 1  	 
1791  	112Bet Tau 	400 	  55 	 40 	 + 5 	 00 	 3  	 
1983  	 13Gam Lep 	815 	  59 	 00 	 -45 	 50 	 4-3 	 
2035  	 15Del Lep 	814 	  61 	 00 	 -44 	 10 	 4-3 	 
2040  	   Bet Col 	844 	  59 	 00 	 -59 	 40 	 2  	 
2047  	 54Chi1Ori 	744 	  61 	 40 	 - 3 	 45 	 5  	 
2077  	 33Del Aur 	220 	  62 	 30 	 +30 	 00 	 4  	 
2085  	 16Eta Lep 	817 	  62 	 40 	 -38 	 10 	 4-3 	 
2134  	  1    Gem 	442 	  64 	 10 	 - 0 	 40 	 4  	 
2219  	 44Kap Aur 	443 	  66 	 30 	 + 5 	 50 	 4-3 	 
2286  . 	 13Mu  Gem 	438 	  68 	 30 	 - 1 	 15 	 4-3 	 
2286  . 	 13Mu  Gem 	438 	  68 	 10 	 - 1 	 15 	 4-3 	 
2326  	   Alp Car 	892 	  77 	 10 	 -75 	 00 	 1  	 
2451  	   Nu  Pup 	891 	  80 	 10 	 -65 	 40 	 3-2 	 
2484  	 31Xi  Gem 	441 	  74 	 40 	 -10 	 30 	 4  	 
2491  	  9Alp CMa 	818 	  77 	 40 	 -39 	 10 	 1  	 
2574  	 14The CMa 	819 	  79 	 40 	 -35 	 00 	 4  	 
2821  	 60Iot Gem 	428 	  82 	 00 	 + 5 	 30 	 4  	 
2846 * . 	 63    Gem 	432 	  83 	 10 	 + 0 	 20 	 5  	 D
2878  	   Sig Pup 	881 	 101 	 10 	 -63 	 00 	 4  	 D
2890/1 . 	 66Alp Gem 	424 	  83 	 20 	 + 9 	 30 	 2  	 
2890/1 . 	 66Alp Gem 	424 	  83 	 20 	 + 9 	 40 	 2  	 
2905  	 69Ups Gem 	429 	  84 	 00 	 + 4 	 50 	 4  	 
2943  	 10Alp CMi 	848 	  89 	 10 	 -16 	 10 	 1  	 
2990  	 78Bet Gem 	425 	  86 	 40 	 + 6 	 15 	 2  	 
3208/9 . 	 16Zet1Cnc 	448 	  93 	 00 	 - 2 	 40 	 4  	 
3208/9 . 	 16Zet1Cnc 	448 	  95 	 40 	 - 2 	 40 	 4  	 
3208/9 . 	16Zet1Cnc 	448 	90 	40 	- 2 	40 	4& 	 
3323 	1Omi UMa 	9 	85 	20 	+39 	50 	4 	 
3449 	43Gam Cnc 	452 	100 	20 	+ 2 	40 	4-3 	 
3461 	47Del Cnc 	453 	101 	20 	- 0 	10 	4-3 	 
3482 	11Eps Hya 	896 	105 	20 	-11 	30 	4 	 
3518 	Gam Pyx 	877 	118 	00 	-43 	20 	4 	 
3556 	Del Pyx 	878 	119 	00 	-43 	30 	4 	 
3569 	9Iot UMa 	20 	95 	30 	+29 	20 	3 	 
3619 	15 UMa 	23 	95 	50 	+33 	00 	4 	 
3665 	22The Hya 	900 	113 	20 	-13 	40 	4 	 
3690 	38 Lyn 	39 	103 	20 	+19 	10 	4 	 
3705 	40Alp Lyn 	38 	105 	00 	+17 	15 	4 	 
3757 	23 UMa 	16 	92 	30 	+44 	20 	4 	 
3759 	31Tau1Hya 	903 	118 	30 	-17 	10 	4 	 
3769 * . 	8 LMi 	41 	102 	10 	+22 	30 	7 	 
3775 	25The UMa 	19 	100 	40 	+35 	00 	3 	 
3786 	Psi Vel 	880 	137 	30 	-51 	15 	2-3 	 
3815 . 	11 LMi 	40 	106 	10 	+20 	00 	7 	 
3852 	14Omi Leo 	474 	117 	20 	- 4 	10 	4 	 
3888 	29Ups UMa 	17 	99 	00 	+42 	00 	4 	 
3905 	24Mu Leo 	464 	114 	20 	+12 	00 	3 	 
3982 	32Alp Leo 	469 	122 	30 	+ 0 	10 	1 	 
3994 * . 	41Lam Hya 	908 	131 	10 	-23 	15 	4 	 
4033 	33Lam UMa 	28 	112 	40 	+29 	20 	3 	 
4057 	41Gam1Leo 	467 	122 	10 	+ 8 	30 	2 	 
4094 	42Mu Hya 	909 	138 	00 	-24 	40 	3 	 
4192 	41 LMi 	489 	126 	00 	+13 	20 	5 	 
4209 	52 Leo 	478 	130 	20 	+ 5 	20 	6 	 
4287 	7Alp Crt 	921 	146 	20 	-23 	00 	4 	 
4301 	50Alp UMa 	24 	107 	40 	+49 	00 	2 	 
4310 	63Chi Leo 	491 	137 	30 	+ 1 	10 	4-5 	 
4314 	Chi1Hya 	913 	152 	20 	-30 	10 	4 	 
4357 	68Del Leo 	481 	134 	10 	+13 	40 	2-3 	 
4374/5 	53Xi UMa 	32 	130 	20 	+25 	00 	3 	 
4374/5 	53Xi UMa 	32 	  	  	  	  	  	 
4382 	12Del Crt 	923 	150 	00 	-18 	00 	4 	 
4399 	78Iot Leo 	484 	140 	20 	+ 5 	50 	3 	 
4450 	Xi Hya 	914 	162 	10 	-31 	20 	4 	 
4517 . 	3Nu Vir 	497 	146 	20 	+ 4 	15 	5 	 
4517 . 	3Nu Vir 	497 	147 	00 	+ 4 	15 	5 	 
4534 	94Bet Leo 	488 	144 	30 	+11 	50 	1.3 	 
4540 . 	5Bet Vir 	501 	149 	00 	+ 0 	20 	3 	 
4540 . 	5Bet Vir 	501 	149 	00 	+ 0 	10 	3 	 
4608 	9Omi Vir 	499 	150 	40 	+ 8 	00 	5 	 
4626 * . 	10 Vir 	930 	166 	40 	-18 	10 	5 	 
4660 	69Del UMa 	26 	123 	10 	+51 	00 	3 	 
4662 . 	4Gam Crv 	931 	163 	20 	-14 	50 	3 	 
4662 .+. 	4Gam Crv 	931 	163 	30 	-14 	50 	3 	 
4757 	7Del Crv 	932 	166 	40 	-12 	30 	3 	 
4775 . 	8Eta Crv 	933 	167 	00 	-11 	40 	4 	 
4775 .+. 	8Eta Crv 	933 	167 	00 	-11 	45 	4 	 
4785 	8Bet CVn 	37 	140 	10 	+41 	20 	5 	 
4819 	Gam Cen 	957 	185 	50 	-40 	00 	3 	 
4825/6 	29Gam Vir 	503 	163 	10 	+ 2 	50 	3 	 
4847 	32 Vir 	508 	160 	10 	+11 	40 	6 	D
838 	41 Ari 	376 	21 	40 	+10 	10 	4 	 
840 	16 Per 	219 	24 	40 	+20 	40 	7 	 
869 . 	46Rho3Ari 	372 	19 	40 	+ 1 	30 	5 	 
869 * . 	46Rho3Ari 	372 	19 	40 	+ 1 	10 	5 	 
874 . 	3Eta Eri 	788 	10 	30 	-23 	15 	4 	D
874 . 	3Eta Eri 	787 	12 	10 	-23 	50 	3 	 
919 	11Tau3Eri 	791 	8 	50 	-38 	30 	4 	 
921 	25Rho Per 	204 	27 	40 	+21 	00 	4 	 
937 	Iot Per 	196 	31 	30 	+31 	10 	4 	 
941 	27Kap Per 	201 	30 	30 	+27 	00 	4 	 
951 	57Del Ari 	369 	23 	50 	+ 1 	40 	4 	 
1084 	18Eps Eri 	784 	22 	00 	-28 	00 	3 	 
1101 	10 Tau 	413 	25 	00 	-17 	30 	4 	 
1136 	23Del Eri 	783 	24 	10 	-28 	50 	3 	 
1173 	27Tau6Eri 	794 	21 	20 	-41 	20 	4 	 
1210 . 	43 Per 	218 	45 	00 	+31 	00 	5 	 
1231 	34Gam Eri 	781 	27 	00 	-32 	50 	3 	 
1325 	40Omi2Eri 	779 	35 	30 	-27 	00 	4 	 
1346 	54Gam Tau 	390 	39 	00 	- 5 	45 	3-4 	 
1373 	61Del1Tau 	391 	40 	20 	- 4 	15 	3-4 	 
1392 	69Ups Tau 	401 	42 	00 	+ 0 	30 	5 	 
1409 	74Eps Tau 	394 	41 	50 	- 3 	00 	3-4 	 
1411 	77The1Tau 	392 	40 	50 	- 5 	50 	3-4 	 
1453 * 	50Ups1Eri 	798 	34 	10 	-50 	20 	4 	 
1457 	87Alp Tau 	393 	42 	40 	- 5 	10 	1 	 
1473 	90 Tau 	388 	42 	10 	-10 	00 	4 	 
1543 	1Pi 3Ori 	755 	44 	50 	-15 	50 	3 	D
1656 	104 Tau 	396 	50 	20 	- 5 	00 	5 	 
1708 	13Alp Aur 	222 	55 	00 	+22 	30 	1 	 
1791 	112Bet Tau 	400 	55 	40 	+ 5 	00 	3 	 
1983 	13Gam Lep 	815 	59 	00 	-45 	50 	4-3 	 
2035 	15Del Lep 	814 	61 	00 	-44 	10 	4-3 	 
2040 	Bet Col 	844 	59 	00 	-59 	40 	2 	 
2047 	54Chi1Ori 	744 	61 	40 	- 3 	45 	5 	 
2077 	33Del Aur 	220 	62 	30 	+30 	00 	4 	 
2085 	16Eta Lep 	817 	62 	40 	-38 	10 	4-3 	 
2134 	1 Gem 	442 	64 	10 	- 0 	40 	4 	 
2219 	44Kap Aur 	443 	66 	30 	+ 5 	50 	4-3 	 
2286 . 	13Mu Gem 	438 	68 	30 	- 1 	15 	4-3 	 
2286 . 	13Mu Gem 	438 	68 	10 	- 1 	15 	4-3 	 
2326 	Alp Car 	892 	77 	10 	-75 	00 	1 	 
2451 	Nu Pup 	891 	80 	10 	-65 	40 	3-2 	 
2484 	31Xi Gem 	441 	74 	40 	-10 	30 	4 	 
2491 	9Alp CMa 	818 	77 	40 	-39 	10 	1 	 
2574 	14The CMa 	819 	79 	40 	-35 	00 	4 	 
2821 	60Iot Gem 	428 	82 	00 	+ 5 	30 	4 	 
2846 * . 	63 Gem 	432 	83 	10 	+ 0 	20 	5 	D
2878 	Sig Pup 	881 	101 	10 	-63 	00 	4 	D
2890/1 . 	66Alp Gem 	424 	83 	20 	+ 9 	30 	2 	 
2890/1 . 	66Alp Gem 	424 	83 	20 	+ 9 	40 	2 	 
2905 	69Ups Gem 	429 	84 	00 	+ 4 	50 	4 	 
2943 	10Alp CMi 	848 	89 	10 	-16 	10 	1 	 
2990 	78Bet Gem 	425 	86 	40 	+ 6 	15 	2 	 
3208/9 . 	16Zet1Cnc 	448 	93 	00 	- 2 	40 	4 	 
3208/9 . 	16Zet1Cnc 	448 	95 	40 	- 2 	40 	4 	 
3208/9 . 	16Zet1Cnc 	448 	90 	40 	- 2 	40 	4 	 
3323 	1Omi UMa 	9 	85 	20 	+39 	50 	4 	 
3449 	43Gam Cnc 	452 	100 	20 	+ 2 	40 	4-3 	 
3461 	47Del Cnc 	453 	101 	20 	- 0 	10 	4-3 	 
3482 	11Eps Hya 	896 	105 	20 	-11 	30 	4 	 
3518 	Gam Pyx 	877 	118 	00 	-43 	20 	4 	 
3556 	Del Pyx 	878 	119 	00 	-43 	30 	4 	 
3569 	9Iot UMa 	20 	95 	30 	+29 	20 	3 	 
3619 	15 UMa 	23 	95 	50 	+33 	00 	4 	 
3665 	22The Hya 	900 	113 	20 	-13 	40 	4 	 
3690 	38 Lyn 	39 	103 	20 	+19 	10 	4 	 
3705 	40Alp Lyn 	38 	105 	00 	+17 	15 	4 	 
3757 	23 UMa 	16 	92 	30 	+44 	20 	4 	 
3759 	31Tau1Hya 	903 	118 	30 	-17 	10 	4 	 
3769 * . 	8 LMi 	41 	102 	10 	+22 	30 	7 	 
3775 	25The UMa 	19 	100 	40 	+35 	00 	3 	 
3786 	Psi Vel 	880 	137 	30 	-51 	15 	2-3 	 
3815 . 	11 LMi 	40 	106 	10 	+20 	00 	7 	 
3852 	14Omi Leo 	474 	117 	20 	- 4 	10 	4 	 
3888 	29Ups UMa 	17 	99 	00 	+42 	00 	4 	 
3905 	24Mu Leo 	464 	114 	20 	+12 	00 	3 	 
3982 	32Alp Leo 	469 	122 	30 	+ 0 	10 	1 	 
3994 * . 	41Lam Hya 	908 	131 	10 	-23 	15 	4 	 
4033 	33Lam UMa 	28 	112 	40 	+29 	20 	3 	 
4057 	41Gam1Leo 	467 	122 	10 	+ 8 	30 	2 	 
4094 	42Mu Hya 	909 	138 	00 	-24 	40 	3 	 
4192 	41 LMi 	489 	126 	00 	+13 	20 	5 	 
4209 	52 Leo 	478 	130 	20 	+ 5 	20 	6 	 
4287 	7Alp Crt 	921 	146 	20 	-23 	00 	4 	 
4301 	50Alp UMa 	24 	107 	40 	+49 	00 	2 	 
4310 	63Chi Leo 	491 	137 	30 	+ 1 	10 	4-5 	 
4314 	Chi1Hya 	913 	152 	20 	-30 	10 	4 	 
4357 	68Del Leo 	481 	134 	10 	+13 	40 	2-3 	 
4374/5 	53Xi UMa 	32 	130 	20 	+25 	00 	3 	 
4374/5 	53Xi UMa 	32 	  	  	  	  	  	 
4382 	12Del Crt 	923 	150 	00 	-18 	00 	4 	 
4399 	78Iot Leo 	484 	140 	20 	+ 5 	50 	3 	 
4450 	Xi Hya 	914 	162 	10 	-31 	20 	4 	 
4517 . 	3Nu Vir 	497 	146 	20 	+ 4 	15 	5 	 
4517 . 	3Nu Vir 	497 	147 	00 	+ 4 	15 	5 	 
4534 	94Bet Leo 	488 	144 	30 	+11 	50 	1.3 	 
4540 . 	5Bet Vir 	501 	149 	00 	+ 0 	20 	3 	 
4540 . 	5Bet Vir 	501 	149 	00 	+ 0 	10 	3 	 
4608 	9Omi Vir 	499 	150 	40 	+ 8 	00 	5 	 
4626 * . 	10 Vir 	930 	166 	40 	-18 	10 	5 	 
4660 	69Del UMa 	26 	123 	10 	+51 	00 	3 	 
4662 . 	4Gam Crv 	931 	163 	20 	-14 	50 	3 	 
4662 .+. 	4Gam Crv 	931 	163 	30 	-14 	50 	3 	 
4757 	7Del Crv 	932 	166 	40 	-12 	30 	3 	 
4775 . 	8Eta Crv 	933 	167 	00 	-11 	40 	4 	 
4775 .+. 	8Eta Crv 	933 	167 	00 	-11 	45 	4 	 
4785 	8Bet CVn 	37 	140 	10 	+41 	20 	5 	 
4819 	Gam Cen 	957 	185 	50 	-40 	00 	3 	 
4825/6 	29Gam Vir 	503 	163 	10 	+ 2 	50 	3 	 
4847 	32 Vir 	508 	160 	10 	+11 	40 	6 	D
4905 	77Eps UMa 	33 	132 	10 	+53 	30 	2 	 
4914 	12Alp1CVn 	36 	147 	50 	+39 	45 	3 	 
4932 . 	47Eps Vir 	509 	162 	10 	+15 	10 	3-2 	 
4932 . 	47Eps Vir 	509 	162 	10 	+16 	00 	3-2 	 
4981 . 	53 Vir 	526 	177 	10 	- 7 	10 	6 	 
4981 . 	53 Vir 	526 	177 	10 	- 7 	20 	6 	 
5028 	Iot Cen 	939 	186 	10 	-25 	40 	3 	 
5054/5 	79Zet UMa 	34 	138 	00 	+55 	40 	2 	 
5054/5 	79Zet UMa 	34 	  	  	  	  	  	 
5056 	67Alp Vir 	510 	176 	40 	- 2 	00 	1 	 
5064 	68 Vir 	515 	178 	00 	- 3 	00 	5 	D
5095 	74 Vir 	512 	176 	20 	+ 3 	20 	5 	 
5107 	79Zet Vir 	511 	174 	50 	+ 8 	40 	3 	 
5168 	1 Cen 	937 	189 	10 	-20 	30 	4-3 	 
5185 	4Tau Boo 	108 	170 	30 	+26 	30 	4 	 
5191 	85Eta UMa 	35 	149 	50 	+54 	00 	2 	 
5196 	89 Vir 	528 	185 	00 	- 7 	50 	6 	 
5235 	8Eta Boo 	107 	171 	20 	+28 	00 	3 	 
5267 	Bet Cen 	970 	204 	10 	-45 	20 	2 	 
5315 	98Kap Vir 	519 	187 	20 	+ 2 	40 	4 	 
5338 . 	99Iot Vir 	518 	186 	40 	+ 7 	10 	4 	 
5338 . 	99Iot Vir 	518 	186 	40 	+ 7 	30 	4 	 
5340 	16Alp Boo 	110 	177 	00 	+31 	30 	1 	 
5350 	21Iot Boo 	89 	154 	10 	+58 	20 	5 	 
5351 	19Lam Boo 	91 	159 	40 	+54 	40 	5 	 
5404 	23The Boo 	90 	155 	20 	+60 	10 	5 	 
5409 	105Phi Vir 	520 	188 	20 	+11 	40 	4 	 
5429 	25Rho Boo 	105 	175 	00 	+42 	10 	4-3 	 
5435 	27Gam Boo 	92 	169 	40 	+49 	00 	3 	 
5447 	28Sig Boo 	104 	175 	40 	+41 	40 	4 	 
5459/60 . 	Alp1Cen 	969 	218 	20 	-41 	10 	1 	 
5459/60 	Alp2Cen 	969 	218 	20 	-41 	10 	1 	 
5459/60 . 	Alp1Cen 	969 	218 	20 	-44 	10 	1 	 
5487 	107Mu Vir 	522 	192 	40 	+ 9 	50 	4 	 
5531 	9Alp2Lib 	529 	198 	00 	+ 0 	40 	2 	 
5634 . 	45 Boo 	99 	188 	10 	+41 	20 	5 	D
5634 . 	45 Boo 	99 	188 	10 	+41 	40 	5 	 
5646 . 	Kap1Lup 	978 	210 	30 	-29 	00 	5 	D
5647 . 	Kap2Lup 	978 	210 	30 	-29 	00 	5 	D
5646/7 . 	Kap Lup 	978 	210 	40 . 	-29 	00 	5 	D
5646/7 . 	Kap Lup 	980 	213 	40 	-30 	10 	5 	 
5649 	Zet Lup 	981 	215 	40 	-33 	10 	5 	 
5681 	49Del Boo 	94 	185 	40 	+48 	40 	4-3 	 
5698 . 	Nu 1Lup 	980 	213 	40 	-30 	10 	5 	D
5709 	1Omi CrB 	98 	188 	30 	+45 	30 	5 	 
5733/4 	51Mu 1Boo 	95 	185 	40 	+53 	15 	4 	 
5733/4 	51Mu 2Boo 	95 	  	  	  	  	  	 
5747 	3Bet CrB 	112 	191 	40 	+46 	30 	4-3 	 
5777 	37 Lib 	537 	206 	10 	+ 9 	00 	5 	 
5793 	5Alp CrB 	111 	194 	40 	+44 	30 	2-1 	 
5838 * . 	43Kap Lib 	542 	211 	10 	- 1 	30 	4 	 
5838 . 	43Kap Lib 	541 	210 	20 	+ 0 	20 	5 	 
5849 	8Gam CrB 	115 	197 	10 	+44 	45 	4 	 
5854 	24Alp Ser 	271 	204 	20 	+25 	20 	3 	 
5868 	27Lam Ser 	270 	204 	50 	+26 	30 	4 	 
5892 	37Eps Ser 	272 	206 	20 	+24 	00 	3 	 
5908 	46The Lib 	536 	213 	00 	+ 3 	30 	4-5 	 
5914 	1Chi Her 	146 	191 	10 	+60 	00 	4 	 
5933 	41Gam Ser 	265 	204 	20 	+36 	00 	3 	 
5986 	13The Dra 	69 	160 	20 	+74 	40 	4-3 	 
6056 	1Del Oph 	240 	215 	00 	+17 	00 	3 	 
6116 	21Eta UMi 	5 	93 	40 	+77 	40 	4 	 
6212 . 	40Zet Her 	129 	213 	50 	+50 	40 	3 	 
6212 . 	40Zet Her 	129 	213 	50 	+53 	10 	3 	 
6241 	26Eps Sco 	557 	228 	30 	-11 	00 	3 	 
6271 * 	Zet2Sco 	559 	230 	00 	-18 	00 	4 	D
6299 	27Kap Oph 	238 	224 	40 	+31 	50 	4 	 
6315 	19 Dra 	66 	159 	20 	+83 	00 	5 	 
6380 	Eta Sco 	561 	233 	10 	-19 	30 	3 	 
6401/2 	36 Oph 	247 	233 	00 	- 2 	15 	4 	 
6401/2 	36 Oph 	247 	233 	00 	- 2 	15 	4 	 
6410 	65Del Her 	123 	226 	40 	+48 	00 	3 	 
6445 	40Xi Oph 	246 	233 	40 	+ 2 	15 	4-3 	 
6486 	44 Oph 	249 	235 	00 	- 0 	20 	4 	 
6554/5 	24Nu 1Dra 	45 	221 	50 	+78 	30 	4-3 	 
6554/5 	25Nu 2Dra 	45 	  	  	  	  	  	 
6556 	55Alp Oph 	234 	234 	50 	+36 	00 	3-2 	 
6566 	27 Dra 	63 	118 	40 	+87 	30 	6 	 
6596 	28Ome Dra 	64 	111 	40 	+86 	50 	6 	 
6603 	60Bet Oph 	235 	238 	00 	+27 	15 	4-3 	 
6623 	86Mu Her 	125 	237 	40 	+52 	00 	4-3 	 
6636/7 	31Psi1Dra 	60 	73 	20 	+84 	30 	4 	 
6636/7 	31Psi1Dra 	60 	73 	20 	+84 	30 	4 	 
6698 	64Nu Oph 	243 	242 	20 	+13 	40 	4-5 	 
6710 	57Zet Ser 	278 	243 	40 	+20 	00 	4 	 
6746 . 	10Gam2Sgr 	570 	244 	30 	- 6 	30 	3 	 
6746 . 	10Gam2Sgr 	570 	244 	30 	- 6 	20 	3 	 
6752 	70 Oph 	261 	243 	40 	+27 	00 	4 	 
6832 	Eta Sgr 	594 	246 	40 	-13 	00 	3 	 
6869 	58Eta Ser 	279 	248 	40 	+21 	10 	4-3 	 
6879 	20Eps Sgr 	572 	248 	00 	-10 	50 	3 	 
6913 	22Lam Sgr 	573 	249 	00 	- 1 	30 	3 	 
6927 . 	44Chi Dra 	61 	50 	20 	+87 	30 	4 	 
6927 . 	44Chi Dra 	61 	50 	20 	+83 	30 	4 	 
7001 	3Alp Lyr 	149 	257 	20 	+62 	00 	1 	 
7152 	Eps CrA 	1006 	255 	10 	-15 	20 	6 	 
7226/7 	Gam CrA 	1005 	256 	30 	-15 	10 	4 	 
7226/7 	Gam CrA 	1005 	256 	30 	-15 	10 	4 	 
7234 	40Tau Sgr 	590 	257 	40 	- 4 	30 	4-3 	 
7328 	1Kap Cyg 	167 	286 	40 	+74 	00 	4-3 	 
7348 	Alp Sgr 	593 	257 	00 	-18 	00 	2-3 	D
7352 	60Tau Dra 	59 	26 	10 	+80 	15 	5 	 
7377 	30Del Aql 	297 	266 	00 	+25 	00 	4-3 	 
7420 	10Iot2Cyg 	166 	291 	10 	+71 	30 	4-3 	 
7469 	13The Cyg 	165 	292 	30 	+69 	40 	4 	 
7557 	53Alp Aql 	288 	273 	50 	+29 	10 	2-1 	 
7560 . 	54Omi Aql 	289 	274 	40 	+30 	00 	3-4 	D
7597 	58Ome Sgr 	597 	267 	40 	- 4 	50 	5 	 
7602 	60Bet Aql 	287 	274 	50 	+27 	10 	3 	 
7715 . 	2Xi 2Cap 	604 	275 	00 	+ 8 	00 	6 	 
7715 * . 	2Xi 2Cap 	604 	276 	00 	+ 8 	00 	6 	 
7715 * . 	2Xi 2Cap 	604 	279 	00 	+ 8 	00 	6 	 
7882 	6Bet Del 	304 	288 	30 	+32 	00 	3-4 	 
7896 	7Kap Del 	303 	288 	40 	+27 	45 	4 	 
7936 	16Psi Cap 	611 	280 	50 	- 6 	30 	4 	 
7947 	12Gam1Del 	307 	293 	10 	+33 	10 	3-4 	 
7949 	53Eps Cyg 	168 	300 	50 	+49 	30 	3 	 
7957 	3Eta Cep 	79 	339 	20 	+72 	00 	4 	 
8097 	5Gam Equ 	313 	296 	20 	+25 	30 	7 	 
8123 	7Del Equ 	314 	297 	40 	+25 	00 	7 	 
8130 * 	65Tau Cyg 	176 	310 	40 	+49 	40 	4-3 	 
8162 	5Alp Cep 	78 	346 	40 	+69 	00 	3 	 
8213 	36 Cap 	615 	290 	20 	- 6 	00 	5 	 
8264 	23Xi Aqr 	633 	297 	20 	+ 6 	15 	5 	 
8278 	40Gam Cap 	623 	294 	50 	- 2 	10 	3 	 
8283 	42 Cap 	625 	296 	50 	+ 0 	20 	4 	 
8288 	43Kap Cap 	622 	295 	00 	- 4 	30 	4 	 
8322 	49Del Cap 	624 	296 	20 	- 2 	00 	3 	 
8351 /td> 	51Mu Cap 	626 	298 	40 	0 	00 	5 	 
8413 	22Nu Peg 	330 	308 	00 	+16 	00 	4 	 
8417 	17Xi Cep 	81 	358 	30 	+65 	30 	5 	 
8425 . 	Alp Gru 	1022 	290 	10 	-22 	15 	4 	 
8353 .+. 	Gam Gru 	1022 	290 	10 	-22 	15 	4 	 
8430 . 	24Iot Peg 	333 	317 	20 	+34 	15 	4-3 	 
8430 . 	24Iot Peg 	333 	317 	40 	+34 	15 	4-3 	 
8450 . 	26The Peg 	329 	309 	20 	+16 	30 	3 	 
8450 . 	26The Peg 	329 	309 	20 	+16 	50 	3 	 
8494 	23Eps Cep 	83 	346 	20 	+60 	15 	5 	 
8499 	43The Aqr 	641 	306 	10 	+ 3 	00 	4 	 
8518 	48Gam Aqr 	637 	309 	30 	+ 8 	45 	3 	 
8544/5 	53 Aqr 	648 	304 	40 	- 5 	40 	5 	 
8544/5 	53 Aqr 	648 	304 	40 	- 5 	40 	5 	 
8558 	55Zet1Aqr 	639 	312 	00 	+ 9 	00 	3 	 
8610 	63Kap Aqr 	651 	315 	00 	+ 2 	00 	4 	 
8665 	46Xi Peg 	326 	320 	30 	+19 	00 	4 	 
8670 	68 Aqr 	649 	308 	20 	-10 	00 	5 	 
8684 	48Mu Peg 	324 	327 	00 	+29 	30 	4 	 
8694 	32Iot Cep 	82 	7 	30 	+62 	30 	4-3 	 
8697 	49Sig Peg 	328 	320 	30 	+16 	00 	5 	 
8728 	24Alp PsA 	1011 	307 	00 	-20 	20 	1 	 
8775 	53Bet Peg 	317 	332 	10 	+31 	00 	2-3 	 
8782 	83 Aqr 	653 	317 	40 	- 1 	10 	4 	 
8834 	90Phi Aqr 	654 	320 	00 	- 0 	30 	4 	 
8841 	91Psi1Aqr 	656 	319 	00 	- 3 	30 	4 	 
8852 	6Gam Psc 	675 	324 	10 	+ 7 	30 	4 	 
8892 	98 Aqr 	664 	317 	00 	-14 	10 	4 	 
8905 	68Ups Peg 	320 	335 	00 	+25 	00 	4 	 
8916 	10The Psc 	677 	328 	10 	+ 9 	30 	4 	 
8961 	16Lam And 	343 	352 	10 	+44 	00 	4 	 
8969 	17Iot Psc 	678 	330 	40 	+ 7 	30 	4 	 
8974 	35Gam Cep 	76 	33 	00 	+64 	15 	4 	 
8984 	18Lam Psc 	680 	329 	40 	+ 3 	30 	4 	 
8988 	105Ome2Aqr 	660 	323 	10 	-10 	50 	5 	 
9072 	28Ome Psc 	681 	336 	00 	+ 6 	20 	4 	 


  1.1()
      	  RA(1900)  BS5 	 D(1900)  BS5 	  BS5 	     BS4 (?/ ? 1000)
h 	m 	s 	 	? 	? 	  	VRA(1900) 	VD(1900)
15 	00 	03 	13.0 	+28 	32 	18 	2.06 	+0.137 	-0.158
21 	00 	03 	50.2 	+58 	35 	54 	2.27 	+0.526 	-0.177
33 	00 	06 	10.5 	-16 	01 	01 	4.89 	-0.081 	-0.264
163 	00 	33 	16.1 	+28 	46 	08 	4.37 	-0.228 	-0.249
165 	00 	33 	58.7 	+30 	18 	50 	3.27 	+0.137 	-0.084
188 	00 	38 	34.2 	-18 	32 	08 	2.04 	+0.232 	+0.036
194 	00 	39 	08.7 	-11 	09 	15 	4.76 	-0.013 	-0.108
194 	00 	39 	08.7 	-11 	09 	15 	4.76 	-0.013 	-0.108
215 	00 	42 	02.1 	+23 	43 	24 	4.06 	-0.100 	-0.078
219 	00 	43 	03.0 	+57 	17 	06 	3.44 	+1.101 	-0.521
235 	00 	45 	07.1 	-11 	10 	58 	5.19 	-0.230 	-0.223
235 	00 	45 	07.1 	-11 	10 	58 	5.19 	-0.230 	-0.223
269 	00 	51 	12.0 	+37 	57 	25 	3.87 	+0.152 	+0.037
321 	01 	01 	36.8 	+54 	25 	47 	5.17 	+3.423 	-1.575
330 	01 	03 	13.0 	+05 	07 	15 	5.52 	-0.264 	-0.175
334 	01 	03 	33.5 	-10 	42 	44 	3.45 	+0.214 	-0.133
337 	01 	04 	07.8 	+35 	05 	26 	2.06 	+0.179 	-0.109
343 	01 	05 	00.5 	+54 	37 	05 	4.33 	+0.229 	-0.017
343 	01 	05 	00.5 	+54 	37 	05 	4.33 	+0.229 	-0.017
361/2 	01 	08 	30.3 	+07 	02 	48 	5.24 	+0.141 	-0.050
402 	01 	19 	01.5 	-08 	41 	58 	3.60 	-0.083 	-0.218
402 	01 	19 	01.5 	-08 	41 	58 	3.60 	-0.083 	-0.218
403 	01 	19 	16.1 	+59 	42 	56 	2.68 	+0.300 	-0.045
417 	01 	21 	40.1 	+44 	53 	26 	4.83 	+0.347 	-0.100
434 	01 	24 	56.6 	+05 	37 	42 	4.84 	+0.294 	-0.042
458 	01 	30 	55.5 	+40 	54 	19 	4.09 	-0.173 	-0.379
464 	01 	31 	51.0 	+48 	07 	18 	3.57 	+0.066 	-0.108
509 	01 	39 	25.3 	-16 	27 	51 	3.50 	-1.720 	+0.858
544 	01 	47 	22.7 	+29 	05 	30 	3.41 	+0.010 	-0.229
545 	01 	48 	02.4 	+18 	48 	21 	4.83 	+0.078 	-0.108
553 	01 	49 	06.8 	+20 	19 	09 	2.64 	+0.097 	-0.108
585 	01 	55 	17.6 	-21 	33 	44 	4.00 	+0.131 	-0.020
617 	02 	01 	32.0 	+22 	59 	23 	2.00 	+0.190 	-0.144
617 	02 	01 	32.0 	+22 	59 	23 	2.00 	+0.190 	-0.144
622 	02 	03 	35.4 	+34 	30 	52 	3.00 	+0.148 	-0.037
646 	02 	07 	12.0 	+20 	44 	28 	5.27 	+0.161 	+0.007
660 	02 	10 	56.8 	+33 	46 	00 	4.87 	+1.154 	-0.237
740 	02 	27 	20.8 	-15 	41 	01 	4.75 	-0.077 	-0.117
781 	02 	34 	43.6 	-12 	17 	48 	4.84 	+0.141 	-0.234
799 	02 	37 	21.9 	+48 	48 	20 	4.12 	+0.336 	-0.083
804 	02 	38 	07.1 	+02 	48 	52 	3.47 	-0.145 	-0.148
812 	02 	39 	30.5 	+12 	01 	30 	5.18 	+0.120 	-0.080
813 	02 	39 	32.1 	+09 	41 	31 	4.27 	+0.281 	-0.030
818 	02 	40 	26.1 	-18 	59 	45 	4.47 	+0.325 	+0.042
824 	02 	41 	57.1 	+28 	49 	55 	4.51 	+0.150 	-0.119
838 	02 	44 	05.7 	+26 	50 	54 	3.63 	+0.067 	-0.112
840 	02 	44 	16.0 	+37 	54 	25 	4.23 	+0.189 	-0.104
869 	02 	50 	47.3 	+17 	37 	28 	5.63 	+0.276 	-0.207
869 	02 	50 	47.3 	+17 	37 	28 	5.63 	+0.276 	-0.207
874 	02 	51 	32.5 	-09 	17 	46 	3.89 	+0.074 	-0.217
874 	02 	51 	32.5 	-09 	17 	46 	3.89 	+0.074 	-0.217
919 	02 	57 	58.9 	-24 	00 	59 	4.09 	-0.147 	-0.051
921 	02 	58 	45.9 	+38 	27 	10 	3.39 	+0.130 	-0.102
937 	03 	01 	50.8 	+49 	13 	53 	4.05 	+1.264 	-0.078
941 	03 	02 	44.8 	+44 	28 	43 	3.80 	+0.178 	-0.153
951 	03 	05 	54.5 	+19 	20 	55 	4.35 	+0.151 	-0.007
1084 	03 	28 	13.1 	-09 	47 	48 	3.73 	-0.979 	+0.019
1101 	03 	31 	46.1 	+00 	05 	04 	4.28 	-0.235 	-0.481
1136 	03 	38 	27.4 	-10 	06 	06 	3.54 	-0.099 	+0.746
1173 	03 	42 	32.7 	-23 	32 	42 	4.23 	-0.162 	-0.527
1210 	03 	49 	10.1 	+50 	24 	21 	5.28 	+0.092 	-0.127
1231 	03 	53 	21.8 	-13 	47 	34 	2.95 	+0.057 	-0.110
1325 	04 	10 	40.2 	-07 	48 	30 	4.43 	-2.231 	-3.420
1346 	04 	14 	06.0 	+15 	23 	11 	3.65 	+0.116 	-0.024
1373 	04 	17 	09.9 	+17 	18 	29 	3.76 	+0.107 	-0.028
1392 	04 	20 	19.3 	+22 	35 	13 	4.28 	+0.105 	-0.045
1409 	04 	22 	46.5 	+18 	57 	31 	3.53 	+0.108 	-0.036
1411 	04 	22 	51.6 	+15 	44 	25 	3.84 	+0.102 	-0.026
1453 	04 	29 	35.1 	-29 	58 	07 	4.51 	-0.105 	-0.274
1457 	04 	30 	10.9 	+16 	18 	30 	0.85 	+0.065 	-0.189
1473 	04 	32 	34.0 	+12 	18 	37 	4.27 	+0.098 	-0.010
1543 	04 	44 	24.6 	+06 	47 	12 	3.19 	+0.463 	+0.017
1656 	05 	01 	32.3 	+18 	30 	39 	5.00 	+0.537 	+0.019
1708 	05 	09 	18.0 	+45 	53 	47 	0.08 	+0.080 	-0.423
1791 	05 	19 	58.1 	+28 	31 	23 	1.65 	+0.025 	-0.175
1983 	05 	40 	17.6 	-22 	28 	51 	3.60 	-0.294 	-0.373
2035 	05 	47 	01.2 	-20 	53 	15 	3.81 	+0.224 	-0.650
2040 	05 	47 	26.0 	-35 	48 	21 	3.12 	+0.050 	+0.402
2047 	05 	48 	27.6 	+20 	15 	28 	4.41 	-0.187 	-0.086
2077 	05 	51 	17.5 	+54 	16 	37 	3.72 	+0.083 	-0.126
2085 	05 	51 	51.0 	-14 	11 	09 	3.71 	-0.049 	+0.136
2134 	05 	58 	02.4 	+23 	16 	08 	4.16 	-0.006 	-0.102
2219 	06 	09 	00.3 	+29 	32 	06 	4.35 	-0.070 	-0.265
2286 	06 	16 	54.6 	+22 	33 	54 	2.88 	+0.055 	-0.112
2286 	06 	16 	54.6 	+22 	33 	54 	2.88 	+0.055 	-0.112
2326 	06 	21 	43.9 	-52 	38 	27 	-0.72 	+0.026 	+0.022
2451 	06 	34 	42.0 	-43 	06 	29 	3.17 	-0.007 	-0.005
2484 	06 	39 	40.6 	+13 	00 	13 	3.36 	-0.115 	-0.194
2491 	06 	40 	44.6 	-16 	34 	44 	-1.46 	-0.545 	-1.211
2574 	06 	49 	32.6 	-11 	54 	48 	4.07 	-0.144 	-0.017
2821 	07 	19 	30.9 	+27 	59 	49 	3.79 	-0.121 	-0.088
2846 	07 	21 	48.2 	+21 	38 	59 	5.22 	-0.056 	-0.124
2878 	07 	26 	03.4 	-43 	05 	56 	3.25 	-0.059 	+0.186
2890/1 	07 	28 	13.0 	+32 	06 	27 	1.98 	-0.170 	-0.102
2890/1 	07 	28 	13.0 	+32 	06 	27 	1.98 	-0.170 	-0.102
2905 	07 	29 	45.6 	+27 	07 	05 	4.06 	-0.033 	-0.109
2943 	07 	34 	04.0 	+05 	28 	53 	0.38 	-0.706 	-1.029
2990 	07 	39 	11.8 	+28 	16 	04 	1.14 	-0.627 	-0.051
3208/9 	08 	06 	28.6 	+17 	56 	58 	5.63 	+0.067 	-0.139
3208/9 	08 	06 	28.6 	+17 	56 	58 	5.63 	+0.067 	-0.139
3208/9 	08 	06 	28.6 	+17 	56 	58 	5.63 	+0.067 	-0.139
3323 	08 	21 	57.5 	+61 	03 	09 	3.36 	-0.131 	-0.110
3449 	08 	37 	29.9 	+21 	49 	42 	4.66 	-0.103 	-0.043
3461 	08 	39 	00.1 	+18 	31 	19 	3.94 	-0.017 	-0.233
3482 	08 	41 	28.8 	+06 	47 	09 	3.38 	-0.191 	-0.055
3518 	08 	46 	17.2 	-27 	20 	20 	4.01 	-0.133 	+0.082
3556 	08 	51 	14.1 	-27 	17 	49 	4.89 	+0.076 	-0.105
3569 	08 	52 	21.8 	+48 	26 	04 	3.14 	-0.443 	-0.235
3619 	09 	01 	49.1 	+52 	00 	30 	4.48 	-0.136 	-0.039
3665 	09 	09 	09.7 	+02 	44 	11 	3.88 	+0.129 	-0.313
3690 	09 	12 	37.3 	+37 	13 	33 	3.82 	-0.030 	-0.127
3705 	09 	14 	57.8 	+34 	48 	56 	3.13 	-0.223 	+0.013
3757 	09 	23 	38.9 	+63 	29 	57 	3.67 	+0.109 	+0.026
3759 	09 	24 	04.3 	-02 	19 	55 	4.60 	+0.126 	-0.018
3769 	09 	25 	27.3 	+35 	32 	44 	5.37 	-0.056 	-0.107
3775 	09 	26 	10.3 	+52 	08 	00 	3.17 	-0.952 	-0.540
3786 	09 	26 	45.6 	-40 	01 	44 	3.60 	-0.189 	+0.069
3815 	09 	29 	39.7 	+36 	15 	45 	5.41 	-0.706 	-0.248
3852 	09 	35 	48.8 	+10 	20 	50 	3.52 	-0.143 	-0.041
3888 	09 	43 	52.9 	+59 	30 	33 	3.80 	-0.293 	-0.156
3905 	09 	47 	04.6 	+26 	28 	41 	3.88 	-0.215 	-0.060
3982 	10 	03 	02.8 	+12 	27 	22 	1.35 	-0.249 	+0.003
3994 	10 	05 	42.7 	-11 	51 	35 	3.61 	-0.207 	-0.095
4033 	10 	11 	04.0 	+43 	24 	50 	3.45 	-0.165 	-0.043
4057 	10 	14 	27.6 	+20 	20 	51 	2.61 	+0.307 	-0.151
4094 	10 	21 	15.2 	-16 	19 	33 	3.81 	-0.132 	-0.083
4192 	10 	37 	58.7 	+23 	42 	43 	5.08 	-0.117 	+0.004
4209 	10 	41 	07.5 	+14 	43 	22 	5.48 	-0.126 	-0.069
4287 	10 	54 	54.1 	-17 	45 	58 	4.08 	-0.465 	+0.124
4301 	10 	57 	33.6 	+62 	17 	27 	1.79 	-0.118 	-0.071
4310 	10 	59 	51.5 	+07 	52 	36 	4.63 	-0.342 	-0.050
4314 	11 	00 	30.7 	-26 	45 	14 	4.94 	-0.190 	-0.005
4357 	11 	08 	47.4 	+21 	04 	18 	2.56 	+0.143 	-0.135
4374/5 	11 	12 	50.9 	+32 	05 	31 	4.87 	-0.432 	-0.591
4374/5 	11 	12 	50.9 	+32 	05 	31 	4.41 	-0.432 	-0.591
4382 	11 	14 	20.4 	-14 	14 	14 	3.56 	-0.128 	+0.201
4399 	11 	18 	42.7 	+11 	04 	49 	3.94 	+0.166 	-0.079
4450 	11 	28 	04.9 	-31 	18 	15 	3.54 	-0.207 	-0.042
4517 	11 	40 	43.1 	+07 	05 	23 	4.03 	-0.021 	-0.187
4517 	11 	40 	43.1 	+07 	05 	23 	4.03 	-0.021 	-0.187
4534 	11 	43 	57.5 	+15 	07 	52 	2.14 	-0.497 	-0.119
4540 	11 	45 	29.1 	+02 	19 	42 	3.61 	+0.741 	-0.275
4540 	11 	45 	29.1 	+02 	19 	42 	3.61 	+0.741 	-0.275
4608 	12 	00 	06.9 	+09 	17 	18 	4.12 	-0.221 	+0.043
4626 	12 	04 	33.8 	+02 	27 	34 	5.95 	+0.042 	-0.183
4660 	12 	10 	28.7 	+57 	35 	18 	3.31 	+0.102 	+0.004
4662 	12 	10 	39.7 	-16 	59 	12 	2.59 	-0.163 	+0.018
4662 	12 	10 	39.7 	-16 	59 	12 	2.59 	-0.163 	+0.018
4757 	12 	24 	41.3 	-15 	57 	31 	2.95 	-0.213 	-0.143
4775 	12 	26 	54.9 	-15 	38 	32 	4.31 	-0.430 	-0.066
4775 	12 	26 	54.9 	-15 	38 	32 	4.31 	-0.430 	-0.066
4785 	12 	28 	59.6 	+41 	54 	03 	4.26 	-0.707 	+0.288
4819 	12 	35 	59.9 	-48 	24 	38 	2.17 	-0.190 	-0.008
4825/6 	12 	36 	35.5 	-00 	54 	03 	3.68 	-0.568 	+0.008
4847 	12 	40 	33.9 	+08 	13 	13 	5.22 	-0.110 	+0.000
4905 	12 	49 	37.8 	+56 	30 	09 	1.77 	+0.109 	-0.010
4914 	12 	51 	19.7 	+38 	51 	17 	5.60 	-0.238 	+0.057
4932 	12 	57 	11.9 	+11 	29 	48 	2.83 	-0.275 	+0.017
4932 	12 	57 	11.9 	+11 	29 	48 	2.83 	-0.275 	+0.017
4981 	13 	06 	44.1 	-15 	39 	33 	5.04 	+0.094 	-0.292
4981 	13 	06 	44.1 	-15 	39 	33 	5.04 	+0.094 	-0.292
5028 	13 	14 	58.4 	-36 	11 	05 	2.75 	-0.340 	-0.089
5054/5 	13 	19 	54.0 	+55 	26 	51 	2.27 	+0.119 	-0.025
5054/5 	13 	19 	54.9 	+55 	26 	39 	3.95 	+0.115 	-0.033
5056 	13 	19 	55.4 	-10 	38 	22 	0.98 	-0.043 	-0.033
5064 	13 	21 	26.1 	-12 	11 	14 	5.25 	-0.135 	-0.025
5095 	13 	26 	45.9 	-05 	44 	22 	4.69 	-0.103 	-0.047
5107 	13 	29 	35.8 	-00 	05 	05 	3.37 	-0.286 	+0.036
5168 	13 	40 	00.2 	-32 	32 	17 	4.23 	-0.462 	-0.150
5185 	13 	42 	30.6 	+17 	57 	19 	4.50 	-0.482 	+0.034
5191 	13 	43 	36.0 	+49 	48 	45 	1.86 	-0.124 	-0.014
5196 	13 	44 	26.1 	-17 	38 	10 	4.97 	-0.102 	-0.041
5235 	13 	49 	55.3 	+18 	53 	56 	2.68 	-0.064 	-0.363
5267 	13 	56 	45.8 	-59 	53 	26 	0.61 	-0.020 	-0.023
5315 	14 	07 	33.6 	-09 	48 	30 	4.19 	+0.006 	+0.136
5338 	14 	10 	46.1 	-05 	31 	24 	4.08 	-0.009 	-0.432
5338 	14 	10 	46.1 	-05 	31 	24 	4.08 	-0.009 	-0.432
5340 	14 	11 	06.0 	+19 	42 	11 	-0.04 	-1.098 	-1.999
5350 	14 	12 	37.4 	+51 	49 	42 	4.75 	-0.154 	+0.088
5351 	14 	12 	34.9 	+46 	32 	51 	4.18 	-0.190 	+0.158
5404 	14 	21 	47.5 	+52 	18 	47 	4.05 	-0.242 	-0.400
5409 	14 	23 	02.9 	-01 	46 	47 	4.81 	-0.141 	-0.005
5429 	14 	27 	31.2 	+30 	48 	37 	3.58 	-0.102 	+0.117
5435 	14 	28 	03.0 	+38 	44 	44 	3.03 	-0.116 	+0.149
5447 	14 	30 	19.5 	+30 	10 	46 	4.46 	+0.188 	+0.129
5459/60 	14 	32 	48.3 	-60 	25 	22 	-0.01 	-3.608 	+0.712
5459/60 	14 	32 	48.3 	-60 	25 	22 	1.33 	-3.608 	+0.712
5459/60 	14 	32 	48.3 	-60 	25 	22 	-0.01 	-3.608 	+0.712
5487 	14 	37 	47.3 	-05 	13 	25 	3.88 	+0.105 	-0.321
5531 	14 	45 	20.7 	-15 	37 	34 	2.75 	-0.108 	-0.071
5634 	15 	02 	54.5 	+25 	15 	31 	4.93 	+0.185 	-0.171
5634 	15 	02 	54.5 	+25 	15 	31 	4.93 	+0.185 	-0.171
5646 	15 	04 	58.8 	-48 	21 	27 	3.87 	-0.096 	-0.049
5647 	15 	05 	00.4 	-48 	21 	49 	5.69 	-0.102 	-0.042
5646/7 	15 	04 	58.8 	-48 	21 	27 	3.87 	-0.096 	-0.049
5646/7 	15 	04 	58.8 	-48 	21 	27 	3.87 	-0.096 	-0.049
5649 	15 	05 	05.8 	-51 	43 	07 	3.41 	-0.107 	-0.070
5681 	15 	11 	28.2 	+33 	41 	16 	3.47 	+0.083 	-0.116
5698 	15 	15 	10.1 	-47 	33 	49 	5.00 	-0.136 	-0.139
5709 	15 	16 	00.2 	+29 	58 	44 	5.51 	-0.122 	-0.049
5733/4 	15 	20 	42.7 	+37 	43 	40 	4.31 	-0.147 	+0.084
5733/4 	15 	20 	44.1 	+37 	41 	53 	6.50 	-0.148 	+0.091
5747 	15 	23 	42.3 	+29 	27 	01 	3.68 	-0.179 	+0.083
5777 	15 	28 	42.6 	-09 	43 	18 	4.62 	+0.303 	-0.241
5793 	15 	30 	27.2 	+27 	03 	04 	2.23 	+0.120 	-0.091
5838 	15 	36 	11.0 	-19 	21 	17 	4.74 	-0.038 	-0.107
5838 	15 	36 	11.0 	-19 	21 	17 	4.74 	-0.038 	-0.107
5849 	15 	38 	32.5 	+26 	36 	45 	3.84 	-0.106 	+0.043
5854 	15 	39 	20.5 	+06 	44 	25 	2.65 	+0.136 	+0.044
5868 	15 	41 	35.3 	+07 	39 	59 	4.43 	-0.225 	-0.068
5892 	15 	45 	49.8 	+04 	46 	43 	3.71 	+0.126 	+0.061
5908 	15 	48 	07.8 	-16 	26 	09 	4.15 	+0.098 	+0.129
5914 	15 	49 	13.0 	+42 	43 	53 	4.62 	+0.437 	+0.628
5933 	15 	51 	50.0 	+15 	59 	16 	3.85 	+0.306 	-1.285
5986 	16 	00 	00.8 	+58 	49 	56 	4.01 	-0.325 	+0.336
6056 	16 	09 	06.2 	-03 	26 	13 	2.74 	-0.048 	-0.145
6116 	16 	20 	25.2 	+75 	59 	09 	4.95 	-0.085 	+0.250
6212 	16 	37 	30.9 	+31 	47 	01 	2.81 	-0.471 	+0.394
6212 	16 	37 	30.9 	+31 	47 	01 	2.81 	-0.471 	+0.394
6241 	16 	43 	41.1 	-34 	06 	42 	2.29 	-0.610 	-0.255
6271 	16 	47 	32.7 	-42 	11 	24 	3.62 	-0.125 	-0.236
6299 	16 	52 	56.0 	+09 	31 	49 	3.20 	-0.294 	-0.010
6315 	16 	55 	28.6 	+65 	17 	15 	4.89 	+0.233 	+0.046
6380 	17 	04 	59.3 	-43 	06 	26 	3.33 	+0.023 	-0.285
6401/2 	17 	09 	11.7 	-26 	27 	21 	5.11 	-0.463 	-1.141
6401/2 	17 	09 	11.8 	-26 	27 	17 	5.07 	-0.495 	-1.132
6410 	17 	10 	55.4 	+24 	57 	25 	3.14 	-0.023 	-0.157
6445 	17 	15 	00.6 	-21 	00 	20 	4.39 	+0.231 	-0.209
6486 	17 	20 	15.7 	-24 	05 	00 	4.17 	+0.000 	-0.116
6554/5 	17 	30 	12.3 	+55 	15 	09 	4.88 	+0.139 	+0.055
6554/5 	17 	30 	17.7 	+55 	14 	28 	4.87 	+0.141 	+0.054
6556 	17 	30 	17.5 	+12 	37 	58 	2.08 	+0.117 	-0.227
6566 	17 	32 	21.7 	+68 	11 	56 	5.05 	-0.017 	+0.134
6596 	17 	37 	32.1 	+68 	48 	15 	4.80 	-0.001 	+0.322
6603 	17 	38 	31.9 	+04 	36 	32 	2.77 	-0.042 	+0.159
6623 	17 	42 	32.6 	+27 	46 	45 	3.42 	-0.309 	-0.747
6636/7 	17 	43 	42.9 	+72 	11 	53 	4.58 	+0.015 	-0.267
6636/7 	17 	43 	44.6 	+72 	12 	22 	5.79 	+0.019 	-0.278
6698 	17 	53 	31.2 	-09 	45 	41 	3.34 	-0.009 	-0.119
6710 	17 	55 	11.9 	-03 	41 	02 	4.62 	+0.144 	-0.046
6746 	17 	59 	23.0 	-30 	25 	31 	2.99 	-0.053 	-0.185
6746 	17 	59 	23.0 	-30 	25 	31 	2.99 	-0.053 	-0.185
6752 	18 	00 	24.1 	+02 	31 	22 	4.03 	+0.258 	-1.094
6832 	18 	10 	51.6 	-36 	47 	30 	3.11 	-0.129 	-0.166
6869 	18 	16 	08.1 	-02 	55 	29 	3.26 	-0.554 	-0.697
6879 	18 	17 	32.0 	-34 	25 	55 	1.85 	-0.032 	-0.125
6913 	18 	21 	47.9 	-25 	28 	37 	2.81 	-0.043 	-0.185
6927 	18 	22 	51.5 	+72 	41 	22 	3.57 	+0.521 	-0.356
6927 	18 	22 	51.5 	+72 	41 	22 	3.57 	+0.521 	-0.356
7001 	18 	33 	33.1 	+38 	41 	26 	0.03 	+0.200 	+0.285
7152 	18 	51 	58.7 	-37 	14 	16 	4.87 	-0.128 	-0.097
7226/7 	18 	59 	39.5 	-37 	12 	25 	4.93 	+0.094 	-0.273
7226/7 	18 	59 	39.5 	-37 	12 	25 	4.99 	+0.094 	-0.273
7234 	19 	00 	41.8 	-27 	49 	00 	3.32 	-0.053 	-0.249
7328 	19 	14 	47.5 	+53 	11 	02 	3.77 	+0.055 	+0.125
7348 	19 	16 	57.5 	-40 	48 	14 	3.97 	+0.030 	-0.121
7352 	19 	17 	28.6 	+73 	10 	12 	4.45 	-0.143 	+0.111
7377 	19 	20 	27.4 	+02 	54 	55 	3.36 	+0.253 	+0.083
7420 	19 	27 	11.0 	+51 	31 	00 	3.79 	+0.018 	+0.130
7469 	19 	33 	45.5 	+49 	59 	22 	4.48 	-0.024 	+0.256
7557 	19 	45 	54.2 	+08 	36 	15 	0.77 	+0.537 	+0.387
7560 	19 	46 	14.2 	+10 	09 	55 	5.11 	+0.239 	-0.138
7597 	19 	49 	42.9 	-26 	33 	53 	4.70 	+0.208 	+0.083
7602 	19 	50 	24.0 	+06 	09 	25 	3.71 	+0.048 	-0.482
7715 	20 	06 	51.6 	-12 	54 	38 	5.85 	+0.193 	-0.193
7715 	20 	06 	51.6 	-12 	54 	38 	5.85 	+0.193 	-0.193
7715 	20 	06 	51.6 	-12 	54 	38 	5.85 	+0.193 	-0.193
7882 	20 	32 	51.5 	+14 	14 	50 	3.63 	+0.112 	-0.031
7896 	20 	34 	16.3 	+09 	44 	02 	5.05 	+0.318 	+0.021
7936 	20 	40 	10.5 	-25 	37 	49 	4.14 	-0.049 	-0.156
7947 	20 	42 	00.3 	+15 	45 	49 	5.14 	-0.032 	-0.188
7949 	20 	42 	09.8 	+33 	35 	44 	2.46 	+0.355 	+0.329
7957 	20 	43 	15.3 	+61 	27 	01 	3.43 	+0.091 	+0.822
8097 	21 	05 	28.7 	+09 	43 	43 	4.69 	+0.059 	-0.152
8123 	21 	09 	36.6 	+09 	36 	06 	4.49 	+0.046 	-0.301
8130 	21 	10 	47.9 	+37 	37 	06 	3.72 	+0.159 	+0.437
8162 	21 	16 	11.5 	+62 	09 	43 	2.44 	+0.150 	+0.052
8213 	21 	23 	01.3 	-22 	14 	34 	4.51 	+0.138 	-0.004
8264 	21 	32 	25.7 	-08 	18 	10 	4.69 	+0.113 	-0.023
8278 	21 	34 	33.1 	-17 	06 	51 	3.68 	+0.188 	-0.022
8283 	21 	36 	06.6 	-14 	29 	37 	5.18 	-0.122 	-0.304
8288 	21 	37 	04.5 	-19 	19 	20 	4.73 	+0.146 	-0.004
8322 	21 	41 	31.3 	-16 	34 	52 	2.87 	+0.262 	-0.294
8351 	21 	47 	50.7 	-14 	01 	21 	5.08 	+0.309 	+0.014
8413 	22 	00 	38.1 	+04 	34 	11 	4.84 	+0.109 	+0.105
8417 	22 	00 	53.7 	+64 	08 	26 	4.29 	+0.208 	+0.089
8425 	22 	01 	55.9 	-47 	26 	43 	1.74 	+0.130 	-0.149
8353 	21 	47 	52.5 	-37 	50 	06 	3.01 	+0.103 	-0.017
8430 	22 	02 	21.2 	+24 	51 	24 	3.76 	+0.299 	+0.028
8430 	22 	02 	21.2 	+24 	51 	24 	3.76 	+0.299 	+0.028
8450 	22 	05 	09.3 	+05 	42 	21 	3.53 	+0.275 	+0.032
8450 	22 	05 	09.3 	+05 	42 	21 	3.53 	+0.275 	+0.032
8494 	22 	11 	20.9 	+56 	32 	41 	4.19 	+0.444 	+0.051
8499 	22 	11 	33.4 	-08 	16 	53 	4.16 	+0.117 	-0.019
8518 	22 	16 	29.5 	-01 	53 	29 	3.84 	+0.129 	+0.012
8544/5 	22 	21 	08.3 	-17 	14 	59 	6.57 	+0.260 	-0.010
8544/5 	22 	21 	08.7 	-17 	15 	03 	6.35 	+0.221 	+0.000
8558 	22 	23 	40.8 	-00 	31 	53 	4.59 	+0.178 	+0.014
8610 	22 	32 	34.6 	-04 	44 	38 	5.03 	-0.070 	-0.114
8665 	22 	41 	41.8 	+11 	39 	36 	4.19 	+0.233 	-0.493
8670 	22 	42 	10.9 	-20 	08 	06 	5.26 	-0.102 	-0.198
8684 	22 	45 	10.5 	+24 	04 	25 	3.48 	+0.148 	-0.036
8694 	22 	46 	07.1 	+65 	40 	28 	3.52 	-0.067 	-0.119
8697 	22 	47 	19.9 	+09 	18 	13 	5.16 	+0.522 	+0.049
8728 	22 	52 	07.6 	-30 	09 	08 	1.16 	+0.336 	-0.161
8775 	22 	58 	55.5 	+27 	32 	25 	2.42 	+0.188 	+0.142
8782 	22 	59 	56.9 	-08 	14 	01 	5.43 	+0.126 	+0.015
8834 	23 	09 	08.6 	-06 	35 	17 	4.22 	+0.037 	-0.192
8841 	23 	10 	39.1 	-09 	37 	57 	4.21 	+0.369 	-0.012
8852 	23 	11 	58.8 	+02 	44 	09 	3.69 	+0.759 	+0.022
8892 	23 	17 	43.1 	-20 	38 	47 	3.97 	-0.122 	-0.090
8905 	23 	20 	23.2 	+22 	51 	13 	4.40 	+0.193 	+0.043
8916 	23 	22 	53.7 	+05 	49 	47 	4.28 	-0.122 	-0.041
8961 	23 	32 	40.0 	+45 	54 	59 	3.82 	+0.160 	-0.416
8969 	23 	34 	48.3 	+05 	05 	03 	4.13 	+0.375 	-0.432
8974 	23 	35 	14.3 	+77 	04 	27 	3.21 	-0.065 	+0.156
8984 	23 	36 	56.6 	+01 	13 	47 	4.50 	-0.130 	-0.147
8988 	23 	37 	32.2 	-15 	05 	52 	4.49 	+0.096 	-0.063
9072 	23 	54 	10.5 	+06 	18 	35 	4.01 	+0.152 	-0.109
 


              1.2  1.3

 .1.1  .1.2     .         ,    .  .1.2    ,   .1.3 -       BS4 [1197].

  1.2  1.3   ,       BS4 [1197] ,      . ,      --     --    . , , ,   ..    ,      ,          .  .1.2  .1.3      ,        BS4 [1197].

 .1.1  .1.2 (1.3)   .   ,                    .1.1,        .1.2 (1.3).
 1.2

        .       "  " BS4, BS5 [1197]. ,    ,  .        "  ".     ,     .   . , ACHERNAR -Eri-472 :     ,  472.       .

ACAMAR -Eri-897; ACHERNAR -Eri-472; Achird -Cas-219; Acrab -Sco-5984; ACRUX -Cru-4730; Acubens -Cnc-3572; ADARA -CMa-2618; Adhafera -Leo-4031; ADHARA -CMa-2618; Adhil -And-390; Adib -Dra-5291; AGENA -Cen-5267; Ain -Tau-1409; Ain al Rami -Sgr-7116; Ak -UMa-4301; Akrab -Sco-5984; Al Anchat al Nahr -Eri-850; Al Anf -Peg-8308; Al Anz -Aur-1605; Al Athfar -Lyr-6903; Al Atik -Per-1131; Al Baldah -Sgr-7264; Al Bali -Aqr-7950; Al Chiba -Crv-4623; Al Dhiba -Dra-5744; Al Dhihi -Dra-5744; Al Dibah -Dra-6396; Al Gieba -Leo-4057; Al Hammam -Peg-8634; Al Kaff al Jidmah -Cet-804; Al Kalb al Asad -Leo-3982; Al Kalb al Rai -Cep-8591; Al Kaphrah -UMa-4518; Al Kirdah -Cep-8417; Al Mankib -Ori-2061; Al Minliar al Ghurab -Crv-4623; Al Minliar al Shuja -Hya-3418; Al Minliaral Asad -Leo-3731; Al Mizar -And-337; Al Nair -Gru-8425; Al Nasi -Sgr-6746; Al Niyat -Sco-6165; Al Niyat -Sco-6084; Al Rakis -Dra-6370; Al Rescha -Psc-596; Al Richa -Psc-596; Al Rischa -Psc-596; Al Rukbah al Dajajah -Cyg-7851; Al Sanamal Nakah -Cas-21; Al Sheratain -Ari-553; Al Suhail al Muhlif -Vel-3207; Al Suhail al Wazn -Vel-3634; Al Tarf -Cnc-3249; Al Tinnin -Dra-5291; Al Wazor -CMa-2693; Aladfar -Lyr-7298; Aladfar -Lyr-6903; Alamak -And-603; Alanf -Peg-8308; Alanz -Aur-1605; Alaraph -Vir-5056; Alaraph -Vir-4540; Alaraph -Vir-4932; Alascha -Sco-6527; Alathfar -Lyr-6903; Albaldah -Sgr-7264; Albali -Aqr-7950; Albereo -Cyg-7417; ALBIREO -Cyg-7417; Alchiba -Crv-4623; Alchita -Crv-4623; Alcione -Tau-1165; ALCOR -UMa-5062; ALCYONE -Tau-1165; ALDEBARAN -Tau-1457; Alderaimin -Cep-8162; ALDERAMIN -Cep-8162; Aldhafara -Leo-4031; Aldhafera -Leo-4031; Aldhibah -Dra-6396; Aldib -Dra-7310; Alfard -Hya-3748; Alfecca -Cra-7254; Alfirk -Cep-8238; Alga -Ser-7141; Algebar -On-1713; Algedi Prima -Cap-7747; Algedi Secunda -Cap-7754; Algeiba -Leo-4057; Algenib -Per-1017; ALGENIB -Peg-39; Algenubi -Leo-3873; ALGIEBA -Leo-4057; Algiedi -Cap-7747; ALGOL -Per-936; Algomeyla -CMi-2845; Algomeysa -Cmi-2943; Algorab -Crv-4757; Algoral -Crv-4757; Algorel -Crv-4757; Algores -Crv-4757; Alhajoth -Aur-1708; ALHENA -Gem-2421; Aliath -UMa-4905; ALIOTH -UMa-4905; ALKAID -UMa-5191; Alkalurops -Boo-5733; Alkaphrah -UMa-4518; Alkes -Crt-4287; Alkhiba -Crv-4623; Alkurhah -Cep-8417; Almaac -And-603; Almaach -And-603; Almaack -And-603; ALMAAK -And-603; Almaaz -Aur-1605; Almak -And-603; Almuredin -Vir-4932; ALNAIR -Gru-8425; Alnasl -Sgr-6746; ALNATH -Tau-1791; Alnath -An-617; Alnihan -Ori-1903; ALNILAM -Ori-1903; Alnitah -Ori-1948; ALNITAK -Ori-1948; Alnitam -Ori-1903; Alniyat -Sco-6084; Alphaca -CrB-5793; Alphacca -CrB-5793; ALPHARD -Hya-3748; Alphart -Hya-3748; Alphecca -CrB-5793; ALPHEKKA -CrB-5793; Alpherat -And-15; ALPHERATZ -And-15; Alphirk -Cep-8238; Alrai -Cep-8974; Alrami -Sgr-7348; Alrescha -Psc-596; Alrischa -Psc-596; Alrisha -Psc-596; Alruccabah -UMi-424; Alsafi -Dra-7462; Alsahm -Sge-7479; Alschain -Aql-7602; Alschairn -Aql-7602; Alsciaukat -Lyn-3275; ALSHAIN -Aql-7602; Alshat -Cap-7773; Alshemali -Leo-3905; Alsuhail -Vel-3634; ALTAIR -Aql-7557; Altais -Dra-7310; Altarf -Cnc-3249; Alterf -Leo-3773; Althafi -Dra-7462; Aludra -CMa-2827; Alula Australis -UMa-4375; Alula Borealis -UMa-4377; Alwaid -Dra-6536; Alwazi -Sgr-6746; Alwazn -CMa-2693; Alya -Ser-7141; Alzirr -Gem-2484; Amazon Star -Ori-1790; Ancha -Aqr-8499; Anchat -Eri-850; Andromeda's Head -And-15; Angel Stern -UMi-424; Angetenar -Eri-850; ANKAA -Phc-99; Anser -Vul-7405; ANTARES -Sco-6134; Antecanis -CMi-2943; Apollo -Gem-2891; ARCTURUS -Boo-5340; Arich -Vir-4825; Arided -Cyg-7924; Aridif -Cyg-7924; Arietis -Ari-617; Arkab Posterior -Sgr-7343; Arkab Prior -Sgr-7337; ARNEB -Lep-1865; Arrai -Cep-8974; Arrakis -Dra-6370; Arrioph -Cyg-7924; Ascella -Sgr-7194; Aschcre -CMa-2491; Asellus Australis -Cnc-3461; Asellus Borealis -Cnc-3449; Asellus Primus -Boo-5404; Asellus Secundus -Boo-5350; Asellus Tertius -Boo-5329; Ashtaroth -CrB-5793; Asmidiske -Pup-3045; Asmidiske -Pup-3699; Aspidiske -Pup-3045; Aspidiske -Car-3699; Asterope -Tau-1151; Asuia -Dra-6536; Atair -Aql-7557; Athafi -Dra-7462; Athafiyy -Dra-7462; Ati -Per-1131; Atik -Per-1131; Atlas -Tau-1178; Atria -Tri-544; Auva -Vir-4910; Avior -Car-3307; Azelfafage -Cyg-8301; Azha -Eri-874; Azimech -Vir-5056; Azmidiske -Pup-3045; Azmidiske -Pup-3699; Baham -Peg-8450; Baten Kaitos -Cet-539; Batenkaitos -Cet-539; Bcteigeux -Ori-2061; Bctelgeuze -Ori-2061; Becrux -Cru-4853; Beid -Eri-1298; BELLATRIX -Ori-1790; Benatnasch -UMa-5191; Benetnasch -UMa-5191; Benetnash -UMa-5191; BETELGEUSE -Ori-2061; Biham -Peg-8450; Botein -Ari-951; Brachium -Sco-5603; Bunda -Agr-8264; Caiam -Her-6117; Cajam -Her-6117; Calbalakrab -Sco-6134; Calx -Gem-2286; Canicula -CMa-2491; CANOPUS -Car-2326; CAPELLA -Aur-1708; Caph -Cas-21; Caput Trianguli -Tri-544; CASTOR -Gem-2891; Castula -Cas-265; Castula -Cas-253; Cclicno -Tau-1140; Cebalrai -Oph-6603; Ceginus -Boo-5435; Celaeno -Tau-1140; Celb al Rai -Oph-6603; Celeno -Tau-1140; Chaph -Cas-21; Chara -CVn-4785; Chclcb -Oph-6603; Chenan -Leo-4359; Chort -Leo-4359; Clava -Boo-5733; COR CAROLI -CVn-4915; Cor Hydrae -Hya-3748; Cor Lconis -Leo-3982; Cor Scorpii -Sco-6134; Cor Serpentis -Scr-5854; Cor Tauri -Tau-1457; Cornu -Sco-5603; Coxa -Leo-4359; Cujam -Her-6117; Cursa -Eri-1666; Cymbae -Phe-99; Cynosura -UMi-424; Dabih -Cap-7776; Dabih Major -Cap-7776; Dabih Minor -Cap-7775; Demon Star -Per-936; Deneb -Cet-334; Deneb -Aql-7235; Deneb -Leo-4534; DENEB -Cyg-7924; Deneb -Aql-7176; Deneb -Del-7852; Deneb Aleet -Leo-4534; Deneb Algedi -Cap-8322; Deneb Algenubi -Cet-334; Deneb Algiedi -Cap-8322; Deneb Cygni -Cyg-7924; Deneb Dulfim -Del-7852; Deneb el Adige -Cyg-7924; Deneb el Delphinus -Del-7852; Deneb el Okab -Aql-7235; Deneb el Okab -Aql-7176; Deneb Kaitos -Cet-188; Deneb Kaitos Senubiy -Cet-188; Deneb Kaitos Shamaliy -Cet-74; Deneb Kaitos Shemali -Cet-74; DENEBOLA -Leo-4534; Dhabih -Cap-7776; Dhalim -Eri-1666; Dheneb -Cet-334; Dhur -Leo-4357; Diadem -Corn-4968; Difda -Cet-188; Difda al Auwel -PsA-8728; Difda al Thani -Cet-188; DIPHDA -Cet-188; Dog Star -CMa-2491; Dragon's Tail -Dra-5291; Driver -Aur-1708; Dschubba -Sco-5953; Dsiban -Dra-6636; Dubb -UMa-4301; DUBHE -UMa-4301; Duhr -Leo-4357; Dziban -Dra-6636; Ed Asich -Dra-5744; El Acola -UMa-4375; El Ghoul -Per-936; El Kaprah -UMa-3594; El Karidab -Sgr-6859; El Khereb -Peg-8880; El Koprah -UMa-4518; El Melik -Aqr-8414; El Nath -Ari-617; EL NATH -Tau-1791; El Phekrah -UMa-4069; El Rakis -Dra-6370; El Rischa -Psc-596; El-Dhalim -Eri-1666; El-Difda -Cet-188; El-Khereb -Peg-8880; Elacrab -Sco-5984; Eldsich -Dra-5744; Electra -Tau-1142; Elgebar -Ori-1713; Elgomaisa -CMi-2943; Elkeid -UMa-5191; Elkhiffa Australis -Lib-5531; Elkhiffa Borealis -Lib-5685; Elmathalleth -Tri-544; Elmuthalleth -Tri-544; Eltanin -Dra-6705; Enf -Peg-8308; ENIF -Peg-8308; Eniph -Peg-8308; Enir -Peg-8308; Er Rai -Cep-8974; Er Rakis -Dra-6370; Erakis -Cep-8316; Errai -Cep-8974; Errakis -Dra-6370; ETAMIN -Dra-6705; Etanin -Dra-6705; Ettanin -Dra-6705; Falx Italica -Boo-5533; Fidis -Lyr-7001; First Frog -PsA-8728; First Star in Aries -Ari-545; Fom -Peg-8308; FOMALHAUT -PsA-8728; Fornacis -For-963; Fum Al Samakah -Psc-8773; Furud -CMa-2282; Gacrux -Cru-4763; Gallina -Cyg-7924; Garnet Star -Cep-8316; Gemma -CrB-5793; Genam -Dra-6688; Gianfar -Dra-4434; Giansar -Dra-4434; Giausar -Dra-4434; Giauzar -Dra-4434; Giedi Prima -Cap-7747; Giedi Secunda -Cap-7754; Gienah -Cyg-7949; Gienah -Crv-4662; Gienah Cygni -Cyg-7949; Gienah Ghurab -Crv-4662; Gildun -UMi-6789; Gnosia -CrB-5793; Gnosia Stella Coronae -CrB-5793; Goat Star -Aur-1708; Gomeisa -Cmi-2845; Gomeisa -CMi-2943; Gomelza -CMi-2845; Gorgona -Per-936; Gorgonea Prima -Per-936; Gorgonea Quarta -Per-947; Gorgonea Secunda -Per-879; Gorgonea Tcrtia -Per-921; Graffias -Sco-5984; Grafias -Sco-5984; Gredi -Cap-7754; Gredi -Cap-7754; Grumium -Dra-6688; HADAR -Cen-5267; Haedus -Aur-1612; HAMAL -Ari-617; Hamul -Ari-617; Haris -Boo-5435; Harp Star -Leo-7001; Hassaleh -Aur-1577; Hastorang -PsA-8728; Hatysa -On-1899; Head of Hydros -Hyi-591; Head of Medusa -Per-936; Head of Phoenix -Phe-99; Heka -Ori-1879; Hemal -Ari-617; Hercules -Gem-2990; Heze -Vir-5107; Hoedus I -Aur-1612; Hoedus II -Aur-1641; Homam -Peg-8634; Homan -Peg-8634; Humam -Peg-8634; Hyadum I -Tau-1346; Hyadum II -Tau-1373; Hyadum Primus -Tau-1346; Icalurus -Boo-5733; Iclarkrau -Sco-5953; Icu of Babylon -Aur-1708; Inkalunis -Boo-5733; Isis -CMa-2657; Isis -CMa-2491; IZAR -Boo-5506; Jabbah -Sco-6027; Jed -Oph-6056; Jewel -CrB-5793; Job's Star -Boo-5340; Jugum -Lyr-7178; Juza -Dra-4434; Kabeleced -Leo-3982; Kaff -Cas-21; Kaffa -UMa-4660; Kaffaljidhma -Cet-804; Kaitain -Psc-596; Kajam -Her-6117; Kalb -Leo-3982; Kalb al Akrab -Sco-6134; Kalb al Rai -Oph-6603; Kalbalrai -Oph-6603; Kalbelaphard -Hya-3748; KAUS AUSTRALIS -Sgr-6879; Kaus Borealis -Sgr-6913; Kaus Media -Sgr-6859; Kaus Meridionalis -Sgr-6859; Keid -Eri-1325; Kelb -Leo-3982; Kelb Alrai -Oph-6603; Kelb-al-Rai -Oph-6603; Kerb -Peg-8880; Kied -Eri-1325; Kiffa Australis -Lib-5531; Kiffa Borealis -Lib-5685; Kitalpha -Equ-8131; Kitalphar -Equ-8131; Kitel Phard -Equ-8131; KOCAB -UMi-5563; Kochab -UMi-5563; Kochah -UMi-5563; Komephoros -Her-6148; Korneforos -Her-6148; Kraz -Crv-4786; Ksora -Cas-403; Kuma -Dra-6555; Kurhah -Cep-8417; Kursa -Eri-1666; La Superba -CVn-4945; Lesath -Sco-6527; Lesath -Sco-6508; Lesath -Sco-6027; Leschath -Sco-6508; Lesuth -Sco-6508; Lesuth -Sco-6527; Lodestar -UMi-424; Lost Pleiad -Tau-1140; Lucida Cymbae -Phe-99; Maasym -Her-6526; Mabsuthat -Lyn-3275; Maia -Tau-1149; Maiaplacidus -Car-3685; Marchab -Peg-8781; Marfac -Per-1017; Marfak -Cas-321; Marfak -Cas-343; Marfak -Per-1017; Marfak -Her-6008; Marfic -Oph-6149; Marfic -Her-6008; Marfik -Oph-6149; Marfik -Her-6008; Markab -Peg-8880; Markab -Pup-2948; MARKAB -Peg-8781; Markeb -Peg-8880; Markeb -Pup-2948; Marrha -Boo-5533; Marsic -Oph-6149; Marsik -Her-6008; Masym -Her-6526; Matar -Peg-8650; Mebsuta -Gem-2473; Mebusta -Gem-2473; Media -Sgr-6859; Megrcs -UMa-4660; MEGREZ -UMa-4660; Meissa -Ori-1879; Mekab -Cet-911; Mekbuda -Gem-2650; Melboula -Gem-2473; Melucta -Gem-2473; Menchib -Per-1228; Menkab -Cet-911; Menkalina -Aur-2088; Menkalinan -Aur-2088; Menkar -Cet-896; MENKAR -Cet-911; Menkent -Cen-5288; Menkhib -Per-1228; Menkib -Per-1228; Menkib -Peg-8775; Merach -And-337; MERAK -UMa-4295; Meres -Boo-5602; Merez -Boo-5602; Merga -Boo-5533; Meridiana -Cra-7254; Merope -Tau-1156; Mesarthim -Ari-546; Mesartim -Ari-546; Metallah -Tri-544; Miaplacidus -Car-3685; Mimosa -Cru-4853; Minelauva -Vir-4910; Minelauva -Vir-4540; Minkar -Crv-4630; MINTAKA -Ori-1852; Mintika -Ori-1852; MIRA -Cet-681; Mirac -And-337; Mirac -Boo-5506; MIRACH -And-337; Mirach -Boo-5506; Mirak -Boo-5506; Mirak -UMa-4295; Miram -Per-834; Mirfak -Her-6008; Mirfak -Per-1017; MIRPHAK -Per-1017; Mirza -UMa-5054; Mirza -CMa-2657; Mirza -CMa-2294; Mirzak -Per-1017; Mirzam -CMa-2294; Misam -Per-941; Misam -Her-6526; Mismar -UMi-424; Mizar -And-337; Mizar -Boo-5506; MIZAR -UMa-5054; Mizat -UMa-5054; Monkar -Cet-911; Mothallah -Tri-544; Mufrid -Boo-5235; Mufride -Boo-5235; Muliphein -CMa-2657; Muliphen -CMa-2657; Muphrid -Boo-5235; Muphridc -Boo-5235; Murzim -CMf-2294; Muscida -UMa-3403; Muscida -UMa-3323; Museida -UMa-3403; Nair al Zaurak -Phc-99; Nairal Saif -Ori-1899; Naos -Pup-3165; Nash -Sgr-6746; Nashira -Cap-8278; Nath -Tau-1791; Navigatoria -UMi-424; Nekkar -Boo-5602; Nibal -Lep-1829; Nicolaus -Del-7906; NIHAL -Lep-1829; Nodus I -Dra-6396; Nodus II -Dra-7310; NUNKI -Sgr-7121; Nusakan -CrB-5747; Nushaba -Sgr-6746; Oculus Boreus -Tau-1409; Okda -Psc-596; Os Pegasi -Peg-8308; Os Piscis Meridiani -PsA-8728; Os Piscis Notii -PsA-8728; Osiris -CMa-2491; Palilicium -Tau-1457; Parilicium -Tau-1457; Peacock -Pav-7790; Phacd -UMa-4554; Phact -Col-1956; Phad -Col-1956; PHAD -UMa-4554; Phaet -Col-1956; Phakt -Col-1956; Phecda -UMa-4554; Phegda -UMa-4554; Phekda -UMa-4554; Phekha -UMa-4554; Pherkad -UMi-5735; Pherkad Major -UMi-5735; Pherkad Minor -UMi-5714; Pherkard -UMi-6789; Phoenice -UMi-424; Phurud -CMa-2282; Pishpai -Gem-2286; Plaskett's -Star-2422; Pleione -Tau-1180; POLARIS -UMi-424; Polaris Australis -Oct-7228; Pole Star -UMi-424; POLLUX -Gem-2990; Porrima -Vir-4825; Pracsacpe -Cnc-3429; Praecipua -LMi-4247; Praepes -Gem-2216; Prima Giedi -Cap-7747; PROCYON -CMi-2943; Propus -Gem-2821; Propus -Gem-2216; Protrygetor -Vir-4932; Pulcherrima -Boo-5506; Rana -Eri-1136; Rana Secunda -Cet-188; Ras al Asad -Leo-3905; Ras al Mothallath -Tri-544; Ras al Muthallath -Tri-544; Ras Algethi -Her-6406; Ras Alhagua -Oph-6556; Ras Alhague -Oph-6556; Ras Elascd Australis -Leo-3873; Ras Elased Borealis -Leo-3905; Ras Hammel -Ari-617; Ras-al-hague -Oph-6556; Rasaben -Dra-6705; Rasalas -Leo-3905; Rasalegti -Her-6406; RASALGETHI -Her-6406; RASALHAGUE -Oph-6556; Rastaban -Dra-6705; Rastaban -Dra-6536; Rastaben -Dra-6536; Reda -Aql-7525; REGULUS -Leo-3982; Rescha -Psc-596; Rex -Leo-3982; RIGEL -Ori-1713; Rigel Kent -Cen-5459; Rigel Kentaurus -Cen-5459; RIGIL KENT -Cen-5459; Rigil Kentaurus -Cen-5459; Riji al Awwa -Vir-5487; Rotanen -Del-7882; Rotanev -Del-7882; Rucha -Cas-403; Ruchba -Cyg-7851; Ruchbah -Cas-542; Ruchbah -Cas-403; Ruchbah ur Ramih -Sgr-7348; Rukbat -Sgr-7348; Rukbat al Rami -Sgr-7348; Rukbat al dejajah -Cyg-7851; Rutilicus -Her-6148; Saad el Melik -Aqr-8414; Saad el Sund -Aqr-8232; Sabik -Oph-6378; Saclateni -Ori-1612; Sad es Saud -Aqr-8232; Sad al melik -Aqr-8414; Sadachbia -Aqr-8518; Sadal Melik -Aqr-8414; Sadal Suud -Aqr-8232; Sadalachbia -Aqr-8518; Sadalbari -Peg-8684; Sadalmeiek -Aqr-8414; SADALMELIK -Aqr-8414; Sadalsud -Aqr-8232; Sadalsund -Aqr-8232; Sadalsuud -Aqr-8232; Sadatoni -Ori-1612; Sadir -Cyg-7796; Sadira -Sgr-7121; Sadlamulk -Aqr-8414; Sador -Cyg-7796; Sadr -Cyg-7796; Sadr el dedschadsche -Cyg-7796; Saidak -UMa-5062; SAIPH -Ori-2004; Saiph -Ori-1899; Saiph -Ori-1788; Salm -Peg-8880; Sargas -Sco-6553; Sarin -Her-6410; Sartan -Cnc-3572; Scalovin -Del-7906; Sceptrum -Eri-1481; Schcdir -Cas-168; Scheat -Aqr-8709; SCHEAT -Peg-8775; Schedar -Cas-168; Scheddi -Cap-8322; Schemali -Cet-74; Scutulum -Car-3699; Seat Alpheras -Peg-8775; Second Frog -Cct-188; Secunda Giedi -Cap-7754; Segin -Cas-542; Seginus -Boo-5435; Sertan -Cnc-3572; Sham -Sge-7479; Sharatan -Ari-553; SHAULA -Sco-6527; Sheat -Aqr-8709; Sheat -Peg-8775; Sheddi -Cap-8322; SHEDIR -Cas-168; SHELIAK -Lyr-7106; Shelyak -Lyr-7106; Shemali -Cet-74; Shepherd's Star -Aur-1708; Sheratan -Ari-553; Shiliak -Lyr-7106; Singer -Aur-1708; Sirah -And-15; SIRIUS -CMa-2491; Sirrah -And-15; Situla -Aqr-8610; Skat -Aqr-8709; SPICA -Vir-5056; Spica Virginis -Vir-5056; Star of Arcady -UMi-424; Sterope -Tau-1151; Sualocin -Del-7906; Subra -Leo-3852; Suha -UMa-5062; Suhail -Vel-3634; Suhail -Car-2326; Suhail al Mulif -Vel-3207; Suhail al Wazn -Vel-3634; Suhail Hadar -Pup-3165; Suhel -Car-2326; Sulafat -Lyr-7178; Sulaphat -Lyr-7178; Superba -CVn-4846; Svalocin -Del-7906; Syrma -Vir-5338; Tabit -Ori-1855; Tabit -Ori-1543; Talita -UMa-3569; Talitha -UMa-3569; Tania Australis -UMa-4069; Tania Borealis -UMa-4033; Tarazad -Aql-7525; TARAZED -Aql-7525; Tayeta -Tau-1145; Taygeta -Tau-1145; Taygete -Tau-1145; Tcrebellum -Sgr-7604; Tegmen -Cnc-3208; Tegminc -Cnc-3208; Tejat -Gem-2286; Tejat Posterior -Gem-2286; Tejat Prior -Gem-2216; Thabit -Ori-1855; Thecmim -Eri-1464; THUBAN -Dra-5291; Toliman -Cen-5459; Tolimann -Cen-5459; Torcularis Septentrionalis -Psc-510; Tramontana -UMi-424; Turais -Car-3699; Tureis -Car-3699; Tyl -Dra-7582; Unuk -Ser-5854; Unuk al Hay -Ser-5854; Unuk Elhaia -Ser-5854; UNUKALHAI -Ser-5854; Unukalhay -Ser-5854; Urkab Posterior -Sgr-7343; Urkab Prior -Sgr-7337; Variabilis Coronae -CrB-5880; VEGA -Lyr-7001; Venabulum -Boo-5733; Venator -Del-7882; Vendemiatrix -Vir-4932; Vespertilio -Sco-6134; Vildiur -UMi-6789; Vindemiator -Vir-4932; VINDEMIATRIX -Vir-4932; Wasat -Gem-2777; Wazn -Col-2040; Wega -Lyr-7001; Wesat -Gem-2777; Wesen -CMa-2693; Wezen -CMa-2693; Wezn -Col-2040; Yad -Oph-6056; Yed -Oph-6056; Yed Posterior -Oph-6075; Yed Prior -Oph-6056; Yildun -UMi-6789; Yilduz -UMi-424; Yilduz -UMi-6789; Zaniah -Vir-4689; Zarijan -Vir-4540; Zaurac -Eri-1231; Zaurack -Eri-1231; ZAURAK -Eri-1231; Zavijah -Vir-4540; Zavijava -Vir-4540; Zavyava -Vir-4540; Zawijah -Vir-4540; Zenith Star -Dra-6705; Zibal -Eri-984; Zibel -Eri-984; Zosca -Leo-4357; Zosma -Leo-4357; Zozca -Leo-4357; Zozma -Leo-4357; Zubcneschamali -Lib-5685; Zuben el Chamali -Lib-5685; Zuben el Genubi -Lib-5531; Zuben el Genubi -Sco-5603; Zuben el Hakrabi -Lib-5787; Zuben Elakrab -Lib-5787; Zuben Elakribi -Lib-5586; Zuben Elgenubi -Lib-5531; Zuben Elgenubi -Sco-5603; Zuben Elschemali -Lib-5685; Zuben Hakrabi -Lib-5723; Zuben Hakrabi -Sco-5603; Zuben Hakrabi -Lib-5622; Zuben Hakraki -Lib-5787; Zubeneig -Lib-5685; Zubenelgenubi -Lib-5531; Zubenesch -Lib-5685; Zubenhakrabi -Lib-5787; Zubra -Leo-4357; Zujj al Nushshabah -Sgr-6746;

 1.3

        .       "  " BS4, BS5 [1197]. ,    ,  .        "  ".     ,     .   .          "  ".

Andromeda's Head -And-15; ALPHERATZ -And-15; Alpherat -And-15; Sirrah -And-15; Sirah -And-15; Chaph -Cas-21; Kaff -Cas-21; Caph -Cas-21; AlSanamal -Nakah -Cas-21; ALGENIB -Peg-39; Schemali -Cet-74; Shemali -Cet-74; Deneb Kaitos Shamaliy -Cet-74; Deneb Kaitos Shemali -Cet-74; ANKAA -Phc-99; Head of Phoenix -Phe-99; Cymbae -Phe-99; Nair al Zaurak -Phc-99; Lucida Cymbae -Phe-99; Schedar -Cas-168; SHEDIR -Cas-168; Schcdir -Cas-168; Second Frog -Cct-188; Rana Secunda -Cet-188; Deneb Kaitos -Cet-188; Difda al Thani -Cet-188; Deneb Kaitos Senubiy -Cet-188; Difda -Cet-188; El Difda -Cet-188; DIPHDA -Cet-188; Achird -Cas-219; Castula -Cas-253; Castula -Cas-265; Marfak -Cas-321; Dheneb -Cet-334; Deneb Algenubi -Cet-334; Deneb -Cet-334; Mirac -And-337; Al Mizar -And-337; Mizar -And-337; MIRACH -And-337; Merach -And-337; Marfak -Cas-343; Adhil -And-390; Rucha -Cas-403; Ksora -Cas-403; Ruchbah -Cas-403; Star of Arcady -UMi-424; Pole Star -UMi-424; Yilduz -UMi-424; Angel Stern -UMi-424; Cynosura -UMi-424; Alruccabah -UMi-424; Lodestar -UMi-424; Navigatoria -UMi-424; Mismar -UMi-424; POLARIS -UMi-424; Phoenice -UMi-424; Tramontana -UMi-424; ACHERNAR -Eri-472; Torcularis Septentrionalis -Psc-510; Batenkaitos -Cet-539; Baten Kaitos -Cet-539; Segin -Cas-542; Ruchbah -Cas-542; Caput Trianguli -Tri-544; Elmuthalleth -Tri-544; Atria -Tri-544; Elmathalleth -Tri-544; Ras al Muthallath -Tri-544; Metallah -Tri-544; Mothallah -Tri-544; Ras al Mothallath -Tri-544; First Star in Aries -Ari-545; Mesarthim -Ari-546; Mesartim -Ari-546; Sheratan -Ari-553; Sharatan -Ari-553; Al Sheratain -Ari-553; Head of Hydros -Hyi-591; Al Richa -Psc-596; Al Rischa -Psc-596; El Rischa -Psc-596; Alrescha -Psc-596; Alrisha -Psc-596; Al Rescha -Psc-596; Rescha -Psc-596; Okda -Psc-596; Kaitain -Psc-596; Alrischa -Psc-596; Almaac -And-603; Almaack -And-603; Alamak -And-603; Almak -And-603; ALMAAK -And-603; Almaach -And-603; Hamul -Ari-617; Alnath -An-617; Ras Hammel -Ari-617; HAMAL -Ari-617; El Nath -Ari-617; Arietis -Ari-617; Hemal -Ari-617; MIRA -Cet-681; Kaffaljidhma -Cet-804; Al Kaff al Jidmah -Cet-804; Anchat -Eri-850; Angetenar -Eri-850; Al Anchat al Nahr -Eri-850; Azha -Eri-874; Gorgonea Secunda -Per-879; Menkar -Cet-896; ACAMAR -Eri-897; Monkar -Cet-911; MENKAR -Cet-911; Menkab -Cet-911; Mekab -Cet-911; Gorgonea Tcrtia -Per-921; El Ghoul -Per-936; Head of Medusa -Per-936; Gorgonea Prima -Per-936; ALGOL -Per-936; Demon Star -Per-936; Gorgona -Per-936; Misam -Per-941; Gorgonea Quarta -Per-947; Botein -Ari-951; Fornacis -For-963; Zibal -Eri-984; Zibel -Eri-984; MIRPHAK -Per-1017; Mirzak -Per-1017; Algenib -Per-1017; Marfac -Per-1017; Marfak -Per-1017; Mirfak -Per-1017; Al Atik -Per-1131; Atik -Per-1131; Ati -Per-1131; Rana -Eri-1136; Celeno -Tau-1140; Celaeno -Tau-1140; Lost Pleiad -Tau-1140; Cclicno -Tau-1140; Electra -Tau-1142; Tayeta -Tau-1145; Taygete -Tau-1145; Taygeta -Tau-1145; Maia -Tau-1149; Asterope -Tau-1151; Sterope -Tau-1151; Merope -Tau-1156; Alcione -Tau-1165; ALCYONE -Tau-1165; Atlas -Tau-1178; Pleione -Tau-1180; Menkhib -Per-1228; Menkib -Per-1228; Menchib -Per-1228; Zaurack -Eri-1231; Zaurac -Eri-1231; ZAURAK -Eri-1231; Beid -Eri-1298; Keid -Eri-1325; Kied -Eri-1325; Hyadum I -Tau-1346; Hyadum Primus -Tau-1346; Hyadum II -Tau-1373; Oculus Boreus -Tau-1409; Ain -Tau-1409; Parilicium -Tau-1457; Cor Tauri -Tau-1457; ALDEBARAN -Tau-1457; Palilicium -Tau-1457; Thecmim -Eri-1464; Sceptrum -Eri-1481; Tabit -Ori-1543; Hassaleh -Aur-1577; Alanz -Aur-1605; Almaaz -Aur-1605; Al Anz -Aur-1605; Sadatoni -Ori-1612; Saclateni -Ori-1612; Hoedus I -Aur-1612; Haedus -Aur-1612; Hoedus II -Aur-1641; Dhalim -Eri-1666; El-Dhalim -Eri-1666; Cursa -Eri-1666; Kursa -Eri-1666; CAPELLA -Aur-1708; Driver -Aur-1708; Icu of Babylon -Aur-1708; Goat Star -Aur-1708; Alhajoth -Aur-1708; Shepherd's Star -Aur-1708; Singer -Aur-1708; Elgebar -Ori-1713; Algebar -On-1713; RIGEL -Ori-1713; Saiph -Ori-1788; BELLATRIX -Ori-1790; Amazon Star -Ori-1790; EL NATH -Tau-1791; ALNATH -Tau-1791; Nath -Tau-1791; NIHAL -Lep-1829; Nibal -Lep-1829; Mintika -Ori-1852; MINTAKA -Ori-1852; Thabit -Ori-1855; Tabit -Ori-1855; ARNEB -Lep-1865; Heka -Ori-1879; Meissa -Ori-1879; Hatysa -On-1899; Nairal Saif -Ori-1899; Saiph -Ori-1899; Alnihan -Ori-1903; ALNILAM -Ori-1903; Alnitam -Ori-1903; ALNITAK -Ori-1948; Alnitah -Ori-1948; Phact -Col-1956; Phakt -Col-1956; Phad -Col-1956; Phaet -Col-1956; SAIPH -Ori-2004; Wezn -Col-2040; Wazn -Col-2040; BETELGEUSE -Ori-2061; Bcteigeux -Ori-2061; Bctelgeuze -Ori-2061; Al Mankib -On-2061; Menkalinan -Aur-2088; Menkalina -Aur-2088; Tejat Prior -Gem-2216; Praepes -Gem-2216; Propus -Gem-2216; Furud -CMa-2282; Phurud -CMa-2282; Tejat -Gem-2286; Calx -Gem-2286; Tejat Posterior -Gem-2286; Pishpai -Gem-2286; Murzim -CMf-2294; Mirzam -CMa-2294; Mirza -CMa-2294; CANOPUS -Car-2326; Suhail -Car-2326; Suhel -Car-2326; ALHENA -Gem-2421; Plaskett's -Star-2422; Melboula -Gem-2473; Mebusta -Gem-2473; Mebsuta -Gem-2473; Melucta -Gem-2473; Alzirr -Gem-2484; Isis -CMa-2491; Canicula -CMa-2491; Dog Star -CMa-2491; Osiris -CMa-2491; SIRIUS -CMa-2491; Aschcre -CMa-2491; ADHARA -CMa-2618; ADARA -CMa-2618; Mekbuda -Gem-2650; Muliphein -CMa-2657; Isis -CMa-2657; Muliphen -CMa-2657; Mirza -CMa-2657; Alwazn -CMa-2693; Al Wazor -CMa-2693; Wezen -CMa-2693; Wesen -CMa-2693; Wasat -Gem-2777; Wesat -Gem-2777; Propus -Gem-2821; Aludra -CMa-2827; Gomelza -CMi-2845; Gomeisa -Cmi-2845; Algomeyla -CMi-2845; CASTOR -Gem-2891; Apollo -Gem-2891; Elgomaisa -CMi-2943; Antecanis -CMi-2943; Gomeisa -CMi-2943; PROCYON -CMi-2943; Algomeysa -Cmi-2943; Markab -Pup-2948; Markeb -Pup-2948; POLLUX -Gem-2990; Hercules -Gem-2990; Asmidiske -Pup-3045; Aspidiske -Pup-3045; Azmidiske -Pup-3045; Suhail Hadar -Pup-3165; Naos -Pup-3165; Al Suhail al Muhlif -Vel-3207; Suhail al Mulif -Vel-3207; Tegmen -Cnc-3208; Tegminc -Cnc-3208; Al Tarf -Cnc-3249; Altarf -Cnc-3249; Alsciaukat -Lyn-3275; Mabsuthat -Lyn-3275; Avior -Car-3307; Muscida -UMa-3323; Muscida -UMa-3403; Museida -UMa-3403; Al Minliar al Shuja -Hya-3418; Pracsacpe -Cnc-3429; Asellus Borealis -Cnc-3449; Asellus Australis -Cnc-3461; Talitha -UMa-3569; Talita -UMa-3569; Acubens -Cnc-3572; Sartan -Cnc-3572; Sertan -Cnc-3572; El Kaprah -UMa-3594; Al Suhail al Wazn -Vel-3634; Alsuhail -Vel-3634; Suhail al Wazn -Vel-3634; Suhail -Vel-3634; Miaplacidus -Car-3685; Maiaplacidus -Car-3685; Aspidiske -Car-3699; Azmidiske -Pup-3699; Asmidiske -Pup-3699; Turais -Car-3699; Tureis -Car-3699; Scutulum -Car-3699; Al Minliaral Asad -Leo-3731; ALPHARD -Hya-3748; Alphart -Hya-3748; Alfard -Hya-3748; Kalbelaphard -Hya-3748; Cor Hydrae -Hya-3748; Alterf -Leo-3773; Subra -Leo-3852; Algenubi -Leo-3873; Ras Elascd Australis -Leo-3873; Ras al Asad -Leo-3905; Ras Elased Borealis -Leo-3905; Alshemali -Leo-3905; Rasalas -Leo-3905; Kelb -Leo-3982; Al Kalb al Asad -Leo-3982; Cor Lconis -Leo-3982; REGULUS -Leo-3982; Rex -Leo-3982; Kabeleced -Leo-3982; Kalb -Leo-3982; Aldhafera -Leo-4031; Aldhafara -Leo-4031; Adhafera -Leo-4031; Tania Borealis -UMa-4033; Al Gieba -Leo-4057; Algeiba -Leo-4057; ALGIEBA -Leo-4057; El Phekrah -UMa-4069; Tania Australis -UMa-4069; Praecipua -LMi-4247; Alkes -Crt-4287; Mirak -UMa-4295; MERAK -UMa-4295; Ak -UMa-4301; Dubb -UMa-4301; DUBHE -UMa-4301; Zosca -Leo-4357; Zosma -Leo-4357; Zozma -Leo-4357; Zozca -Leo-4357; Zubra -Leo-4357; Dhur -Leo-4357; Duhr -Leo-4357; Coxa -Leo-4359; Chort -Leo-4359; Chenan -Leo-4359; Alula Australis -UMa-4375; El Acola -UMa-4375; Alula Borealis -UMa-4377; Giansar -Dra-4434; Giausar -Dra-4434; Juza -Dra-4434; Giauzar -Dra-4434; Gianfar -Dra-4434; Alkaphrah -UMa-4518; El Koprah -UMa-4518; Al Kaphrah -UMa-4518; Deneb -Leo-4534; DENEBOLA -Leo-4534; Deneb Aleet -Leo-4534; Minelauva -Vir-4540; Zawijah -Vir-4540; Zavijava -Vir-4540; Alaraph -Vir-4540; Zarijan -Vir-4540; Zavijah -Vir-4540; Zavyava -Vir-4540; Phekha -UMa-4554; Phekda -UMa-4554; Phegda -UMa-4554; Phacd -UMa-4554; PHAD -UMa-4554; Phecda -UMa-4554; Alchita -Crv-4623; Alchiba -Crv-4623; Al Minliar al Ghurab -Crv-4623; Alkhiba -Crv-4623; Al Chiba -Crv-4623; Minkar -Crv-4630; Megrcs -UMa-4660; MEGREZ -UMa-4660; Kaffa -UMa-4660; Gienah -Crv-4662; Gienah Ghurab -Crv-4662; Zaniah -Vir-4689; ACRUX -Cru-4730; Algoral -Crv-4757; Algores -Crv-4757; Algorab -Crv-4757; Algorel -Crv-4757; Gacrux -Cru-4763; Chara -CVn-4785; Kraz -Crv-4786; Arich -Vir-4825; Porrima -Vir-4825; Superba -CVn-4846; Becrux -Cru-4853; Mimosa -Cru-4853; ALIOTH -UMa-4905; Aliath -UMa-4905; Minelauva -Vir-4910; Auva -Vir-4910; COR CAROLI -CVn-4915; Vendemiatrix -Vir-4932; Alaraph -Vir-4932; Almuredin -Vir-4932; Protrygetor -Vir-4932; Vindemiator -Vir-4932; VINDEMIATRIX -Vir-4932; La Superba -CVn-4945; Diadem -Cor-4968; Mirza -UMa-5054; MIZAR -UMa-5054; Mizat -UMa-5054; Alaraph -Vir-5056; Azimech -Vir-5056; Spica Virginis -Vir-5056; SPICA -Vir-5056; Saidak -UMa-5062; ALCOR -UMa-5062; Suha -UMa-5062; Heze -Vir-5107; Elkeid -UMa-5191; Benetnasch -UMa-5191; Benetnash -UMa-5191; ALKAID -UMa-5191; Benatnasch -UMa-5191; Muphridc -Boo-5235; Mufride -Boo-5235; Muphrid -Boo-5235; Mufrid -Boo-5235; HADAR -Cen-5267; AGENA -Cen-5267; Menkent -Cen-5288; Dragon's Tail -Dra-5291; Al Tinnin -Dra-5291; THUBAN -Dra-5291; Adib -Dra-5291; Asellus Tertius -Boo-5329; Syrma -Vir-5338; ARCTURUS -Boo-5340; Job's Star -Boo-5340; Asellus Secundus -Boo-5350; Asellus Primus -Boo-5404; Haris -Boo-5435; Ceginus -Boo-5435; Seginus -Boo-5435; Rigel Kentaurus -Cen-5459; Tolimann -Cen-5459; Toliman -Cen-5459; Rigel Kent -Cen-5459; RIGIL KENT -Cen-5459; Rigil Kentaurus -Cen-5459; Riji al Awwa -Vir-5487; Mizar -Boo-5506; Mirac -Boo-5506; IZAR -Boo-5506; Pulcherrima -Boo-5506; Mirach -Boo-5506; Mirak -Boo-5506; Zuben Elgenubi -Lib-5531; Zubenelgenubi -Lib-5531; Kiffa Australis -Lib-5531; Zuben el Genubi -Lib-5531; Elkhiffa Australis -Lib-5531; Falx Italica -Boo-5533; Merga -Boo-5533; Marrha -Boo-5533; Kochah -UMi-5563; Kochab -UMi-5563; KOCAB -UMi-5563; Zuben Elakribi -Lib-5586; Nekkar -Boo-5602; Meres -Boo-5602; Merez -Boo-5602; Cornu -Sco-5603; Brachium -Sco-5603; Zuben el Genubi -Sco-5603; Zuben Elgenubi -Sco-5603; Zuben Hakrabi -Sco-5603; Zuben Hakrabi -Lib-5622; Zubcneschamali -Lib-5685; Zubenesch -Lib-5685; Kiffa Borealis -Lib-5685; Zuben Elschemali -Lib-5685; Zuben el Chamali -Lib-5685; Zubeneig -Lib-5685; Elkhiffa Borealis -Lib-5685; Pherkad Minor -UMi-5714; Zuben Hakrabi -Lib-5723; Clava -Boo-5733; Inkalunis -Boo-5733; Icalurus -Boo-5733; Venabulum -Boo-5733; Alkalurops -Boo-5733; Pherkad Major -UMi-5735; Pherkad -UMi-5735; Al Dhiba -Dra-5744; Al Dhihi -Dra-5744; Ed Asich -Dra-5744; Eldsich -Dra-5744; Nusakan -CrB-5747; Zuben Elakrab -Lib-5787; Zuben el Hakrabi -Lib-5787; Zubenhakrabi -Lib-5787; Zuben Hakraki -Lib-5787; Alphaca -CrB-5793; ALPHEKKA -CrB-5793; Gemma -CrB-5793; Ashtaroth -CrB-5793; Gnosia -CrB-5793; Alphacca -CrB-5793; Jewel -CrB-5793; Gnosia Stella Coronae -CrB-5793; Alphecca -CrB-5793; UNUKALHAI -Ser-5854; Unuk al Hay -Ser-5854; Unuk Elhaia -Ser-5854; Unuk -Ser-5854; Unukalhay -Ser-5854; Cor Serpentis -Scr-5854; Variabilis Coronae -CrB-5880; Dschubba -Sco-5953; Iclarkrau -Sco-5953; Akrab -Sco-5984; Graffias -Sco-5984; Acrab -Sco-5984; Elacrab -Sco-5984; Grafias -Sco-5984; Mirfak -Her-6008; Marsik -Her-6008; Marfak -Her-6008; Marfik -Her-6008; Marfic -Her-6008; Jabbah -Sco-6027; Lesath -Sco-6027; Yad -Oph-6056; Jed -Oph-6056; Yed Prior -Oph-6056; Yed -Oph-6056; Yed Posterior -Oph-6075; Al Niyat -Sco-6084; Alniyat -Sco-6084; Cajam -Her-6117; Caiam -Her-6117; Kajam -Her-6117; Cujam -Her-6117; Calbalakrab -Sco-6134; ANTARES -Sco-6134; Cor Scorpii -Sco-6134; Kalb al Akrab -Sco-6134; Vespertilio -Sco-6134; Komephoros -Her-6148; Rutilicus -Her-6148; Korneforos -Her-6148; Marfik -Oph-6149; Marfic -Oph-6149; Marsic -Oph-6149; Al Niyat -Sco-6165; Er Rakis -Dra-6370; Errakis -Dra-6370; Al Rakis -Dra-6370; Arrakis -Dra-6370; El Rakis -Dra-6370; Sabik -Oph-6378; Nodus I -Dra-6396; Al Dibah -Dra-6396; Aldhibah -Dra-6396; Ras Algethi -Her-6406; Rasalegti -Her-6406; RASALGETHI -Her-6406; Sarin -Her-6410; Lesuth -Sco-6508; Leschath -Sco-6508; Lesath -Sco-6508; Masym -Her-6526; Maasym -Her-6526; Misam -Her-6526; Lesath -Sco-6527; Lesuth -Sco-6527; SHAULA -Sco-6527; Alascha -Sco-6527; Rastaben -Dra-6536; Rastaban -Dra-6536; Alwaid -Dra-6536; Asuia -Dra-6536; Sargas -Sco-6553; Kuma -Dra-6555; Ras al hague -Oph-6556; RASALHAGUE -Oph-6556; Ras Alhague -Oph-6556; Ras Alhagua -Oph-6556; Kelb Alrai -Oph-6603; Kelb al Rai -Oph-6603; Kalb al Rai -Oph-6603; Kalbalrai -Oph-6603; Cebalrai -Oph-6603; Celb al Rai -Oph-6603; Chclcb -Oph-6603; Dziban -Dra-6636; Dsiban -Dra-6636; Grumium -Dra-6688; Genam -Dra-6688; Rasaben -Dra-6705; Rastaban -Dra-6705; Zenith Star -Dra-6705; ETAMIN -Dra-6705; Eltanin -Dra-6705; Etanin -Dra-6705; Ettanin -Dra-6705; Nash -Sgr-6746; Zujj al Nushshabah -Sgr-6746; Nushaba -Sgr-6746; Alnasl -Sgr-6746; Al Nasi -Sgr-6746; Alwazi -Sgr-6746; Vildiur -UMi-6789; Pherkard -UMi-6789; Yilduz -UMi-6789; Yildun -UMi-6789; Gildun -UMi-6789; Media -Sgr-6859; Kaus Meridionalis -Sgr-6859; Kaus Media -Sgr-6859; El Karidab -Sgr-6859; KAUS AUSTRALIS -Sgr-6879; Alathfar -Lyr-6903; Al Athfar -Lyr-6903; Aladfar -Lyr-6903; Kaus Borealis -Sgr-6913; Wega -Lyr-7001; Harp Star -Leo-7001; VEGA -Lyr-7001; Fidis -Lyr-7001; Shelyak -Lyr-7106; Shiliak -Lyr-7106; SHELIAK -Lyr-7106; Ain al Rami -Sgr-7116; NUNKI -Sgr-7121; Sadira -Sgr-7121; Alga -Ser-7141; Alya -Ser-7141; Deneb el Okab -Aql-7176; Deneb -Aql-7176; Sulaphat -Lyr-7178; Jugum -Lyr-7178; Sulafat -Lyr-7178; Ascella -Sgr-7194; Polaris Australis -Oct-7228; Deneb el Okab -Aql-7235; Deneb -Aql-7235; Meridiana -Cra-7254; Alfecca -Cra-7254; Albaldah -Sgr-7264; Al Baldah -Sgr-7264; Aladfar -Lyr-7298; Altais -Dra-7310; Nodus II -Dra-7310; Aldib -Dra-7310; Arkab Prior -Sgr-7337; Urkab Prior -Sgr-7337; Arkab Posterior -Sgr-7343; Urkab Posterior -Sgr-7343; Rukbat -Sgr-7348; Alrami -Sgr-7348; Ruchbah ur Ramih -Sgr-7348; Rukbat al Rami -Sgr-7348; Anser -Vul-7405; Albereo -Cyg-7417; ALBIREO -Cyg-7417; Athafiyy -Dra-7462; Alsafi -Dra-7462; Althafi -Dra-7462; Athafi -Dra-7462; Sham -Sge-7479; Alsahm -Sge-7479; Reda -Aql-7525; Tarazad -Aql-7525; TARAZED -Aql-7525; Atair -Aql-7557; ALTAIR -Aql-7557; Tyl -Dra-7582; Alschairn -Aql-7602; Alschain -Aql-7602; ALSHAIN -Aql-7602; Tcrebellum -Sgr-7604; Algedi Prima -Cap-7747; Giedi Prima -Cap-7747; Prima Giedi -Cap-7747; Algiedi -Cap-7747; Algedi Secunda -Cap-7754; Giedi Secunda -Cap-7754; Secunda Giedi -Cap-7754; Gredi -Cap-7754; Gredi -Cap-7754; Alshat -Cap-7773; Dabih Minor -Cap-7775; Dabih Major -Cap-7776; Dabih -Cap-7776; Dhabih -Cap-7776; Peacock -Pav-7790; Sadir -Cyg-7796; Sadr -Cyg-7796; Sador -Cyg-7796; Sadr el dedschadsche -Cyg-7796; Al Rukbah al Dajajah -Cyg-7851; Rukbat al dejajah -Cyg-7851; Ruchba -Cyg-7851; Deneb Dulfim -Del-7852; Deneb -Del-7852; Deneb el Delphinus -Del-7852; Venator -Del-7882; Rotanen -Del-7882; Rotanev -Del-7882; Nicolaus -Del-7906; Scalovin -Del-7906; Svalocin -Del-7906; Sualocin -Del-7906; Deneb Cygni -Cyg-7924; Aridif -Cyg-7924; Deneb el Adige -Cyg-7924; Arided -Cyg-7924; DENEB -Cyg-7924; Gallina -Cyg-7924; Arrioph -Cyg-7924; Gienah Cygni -Cyg-7949; Gienah -Cyg-7949; Albali -Aqr-7950; Al Bali -Aqr-7950; Kitalphar -Equ-8131; Kitalpha -Equ-8131; Kitel Phard -Equ-8131; Alderaimin -Cep-8162; ALDERAMIN -Cep-8162; Sadalsuud -Aqr-8232; Sadalsud -Aqr-8232; Sad es Saud -Aqr-8232; Sadal Suud -Aqr-8232; Saad el Sund -Aqr-8232; Sadalsund -Aqr-8232; Alfirk -Cep-8238; Alphirk -Cep-8238; Bunda -Agr-8264; Nashira -Cap-8278; Azelfafage -Cyg-8301; Eniph -Peg-8308; Al Anf -Peg-8308; ENIF -Peg-8308; Enf -Peg-8308; Enir -Peg-8308; Os Pegasi -Peg-8308; Alanf -Peg-8308; Fom -Peg-8308; Erakis -Cep-8316; Garnet Star -Cep-8316; Deneb Algiedi -Cap-8322; Scheddi -Cap-8322; Sheddi -Cap-8322; Deneb Algedi -Cap-8322; Miram -Per-834?; Sad al melik -Aqr-8414; Saad el Melik -Aqr-8414; El Melik -Aqr-8414; Sadlamulk -Aqr-8414; Sadal Melik -Aqr-8414; SADALMELIK -Aqr-8414; Sadalmeiek -Aqr-8414; Al Kirdah -Cep-8417; Alkurhah -Cep-8417; Kurhah -Cep-8417; Al Nair -Gru-8425; ALNAIR -Gru-8425; Biham -Peg-8450; Baham -Peg-8450; Ancha -Aqr-8499; Sadachbia -Aqr-8518; Sadalachbia -Aqr-8518; Al Kalb al Rai -Cep-8591; Situla -Aqr-8610; Homan -Peg-8634; Humam -Peg-8634; Al Hammam -Peg-8634; Homam -Peg-8634; Matar -Peg-8650; Sadalbari -Peg-8684; Sheat -Aqr-8709; Skat -Aqr-8709; Scheat -Aqr-8709; Hastorang -PsA-8728; Os Piscis Meridiani -PsA-8728; Os Piscis Notii -PsA-8728; FOMALHAUT -PsA-8728; First Frog -PsA-8728; Difda al Auwel -PsA-8728; Fum Al Samakah -Psc-8773; Seat Alpheras -Peg-8775; Menkib -Peg-8775; SCHEAT -Peg-8775; Sheat -Peg-8775; Marchab -Peg-8781; MARKAB -Peg-8781; Markab -Peg-8880; Salm -Peg-8880; Kerb -Peg-8880; ElKhereb -Peg-8880; El Khereb -Peg-8880; Markeb -Peg-8880; Alrai -Cep-8974; Er Rai -Cep-8974; Errai -Cep-8974; Arrai -Cep-8974; Misam -Per-?


                   4.4

        4.4.    
   BS5  ,    
  0,1 /        
   1900 ,   BS4 [1197].
  ,     ,    
  " ",  " ",    
.   ,      
  ,      
,        .
         
  ,        .
      ,   
.      ,   
.         ,
       .   ,
      , ,  
   2--3 ,  
   .    
 ,   ,   
   .   -
  .

      .   4.

 ,      68 , 
  4.4.

  4.4

         A, Zod A, B, Zod B, M,
      0,1 /
       
  1900 .
 -   [1197] 	  	  ?1900  [1197] 	 ?1900
 [1197] 	   [1197]
h     m     s 	       ?     ?
5340 	16ALP BOO  	14 11 06.0 	+19 42 11 	-0.04
1708 	13ALP AUR  	05 09 18.0 	+45 53 47 	0.08
3982 	32ALP LEO  	10 03 02.8 	+12 27 22 	1.35
2943 	10ALP CMI  	07 34 04.0 	+05 28 53 	0.38
5056 	67ALP VIR  	13 19 55.4 	-10 38 22 	0.98
6134 	21ALP SCO  	16 23 16.4 	-26 12 36 	0.96
7001 	3ALP LYR  =  	18 33 33.1 	+38 41 26 	0.03
3449 	43GAM CNC  	08 37 29.9 	+21 49 42 	4.66
15 	21Alp And 	00 03 13.0 	+28 32 18 	2.06
21 	11Bet Cas 	00 03 50.2 	+58 35 54 	2.27
219 	24Eta Cas 	00 43 03.0 	+57 17 06 	3.44
337 	43Bet And 	01 04 07.8 	+35 05 26 	2.06
403 	37Del Cas 	01 19 16.1 	+59 42 56 	2.68
544 	2Alp Tri 	01 47 22.7 	+29 05 30 	3.41
545 	5Gam1Ari 	01 48 02.4 	+18 48 21 	4.83
553 	6Bet Ari 	01 49 06.8 	+20 19 09 	2.64
941 	27Kap Per 	03 02 44.8 	+44 28 43 	3.80
951 	57Del Ari 	03 05 54.5 	+19 20 55 	4.35
1346 	54Gam Tau 	04 14 06.0 	+15 23 11 	3.65
1409 	74Eps Tau 	04 22 46.5 	+18 57 31 	3.53
1457 	87Alp Tau 	04 30 10.9 	+16 18 30 	0.85
1791 	112Bet Tau 	05 19 58.1 	+28 31 23 	1.65
2821 	60Iot Gem 	07 19 30.9 	+27 59 49 	3.79
2990 	78Bet Gem 	07 39 11.8 	+28 16 04 	1.14
3323 	1Omi UMa 	08 21 57.5 	+61 03 09 	3.36
3461 	47Del Cnc 	08 39 00.1 	+18 31 19 	3.94
3569 	9Iot UMa 	08 52 21.8 	+48 26 04 	3.14
3852 	14Omi Leo 	09 35 48.8 	+10 20 50 	3.52
3905 	24Mu Leo 	09 47 04.6 	+26 28 41 	3.88
4033 	33Lam UMa 	10 11 04.0 	+43 24 50 	3.45
4301 	50Alp UMa 	10 57 33.6 	+62 17 27 	1.79
4357 	68Del Leo 	11 08 47.4 	+21 04 18 	2.56
4534 	94Bet Leo 	11 43 57.5 	+15 07 52 	2.14
4660 	69Del UMa 	12 10 28.7 	+57 35 18 	3.31
4785 	8Bet CVn 	12 28 59.6 	+41 54 03 	4.26
4825 	29Gam Vir 	12 36 35.5 	-00 54 03 	3.68
4905 	77Eps UMa 	12 49 37.8 	+56 30 09 	1.77
5107 	79Zet Vir 	13 29 35.8 	-00 05 05 	3.37
5191 	85Eta UMa 	13 43 36.0 	+49 48 45 	1.86
5235 	8Eta Boo 	13 49 55.3 	+18 53 56 	2.68
5350 	21Iot Boo 	14 12 37.4 	+51 49 42 	4.75
5404 	23The Boo 	14 21 47.5 	+52 18 47 	4.05
5435 	27Gam Boo 	14 28 03.0 	+38 44 44 	3.03
5487 	107Mu Vir 	14 37 47.3 	-05 13 25 	3.88
5531 	9Alp2Lib 	14 45 20.7 	-15 37 34 	2.75
5747 	3Bet CrB 	15 23 42.3 	+29 27 01 	3.68
5793 	5Alp CrB 	15 30 27.2 	+27 03 04 	2.23
5854 	24Alp Ser 	15 39 20.5 	+06 44 25 	2.65
6056 	1Del Oph 	16 09 06.2 	-03 26 13 	2.74
6241 	26Eps Sco 	16 43 41.1 	-34 06 42 	2.29
6410 	65Del Her 	17 10 55.4 	+24 57 25 	3.14
6556 	55Alp Oph 	17 30 17.5 	+12 37 58 	2.08
6603 	60Bet Oph 	17 38 31.9 	+04 36 32 	2.77
6879 	20Eps Sgr 	18 17 32.0 	-34 25 55 	1.85
7557 	53Alp Aql 	19 45 54.2 	+08 36 15 	0.77
7602 	60Bet Aql 	19 50 24.0 	+06 09 25 	3.71
7882 	6Bet Del 	20 32 51.5 	+14 14 50 	3.63
7949 	53Eps Cyg 	20 42 09.8 	+33 35 44 	2.46
8162 	5Alp Cep 	21 16 11.5 	+62 09 43 	2.44
8264 	23Xi Aqr 	21 32 25.7 	-08 18 10 	4.69
8278 	40Gam Cap 	21 34 33.1 	-17 06 51 	3.68
8322 	49Del Cap 	21 41 31.3 	-16 34 52 	2.87
8417 	17Xi Cep 	22 00 53.7 	+64 08 26 	4.29
8499 	43The Aqr 	22 11 33.4 	-08 16 53 	4.16
8518 	48Gam Aqr 	22 16 29.5 	-01 53 29 	3.84
8684 	48Mu Peg 	22 45 10.5 	+24 04 25 	3.48
8775 	53Bet Peg 	22 58 55.5 	+27 32 25 	2.42
8974 	35Gam Cep 	23 35 14.3 	+77 04 27 	3.21


 4.4().

         A, Zod A, B, Zod B, M,       0,1 /            1900 .
- -  [1197] 	  	      [1197] 0,001?      	 -   
    [1197]
0,001?      	    
  	

          ? 	

           ? 	   
5340 	 16ALP BOO 	-1.098 	-1.999 	110 	177   00 	 +31   30 	1
1708 	 13ALP AUR 	+0.080 	-0.423 	222 	 55   00 	 +22   30 	1
3982 	 32ALP LEO 	-0.249 	+0.003 	469 	122   30 	   0   10 	1
2943 	 10ALP CMI 	-0.706 	-1.029 	848 	 89   10 	 -16   10 	1
5056 	 67ALP VIR 	-0.043 	-0.033 	510 	176   40 	 -2     0 	1
6134 	 21ALP SCO 	-0.007 	-0.023 	553 	222   40 	 -4     0 	2
7001 	 3ALP LYR 	+0.200 	+0.285 	149 	257   20 	  62    0 	1
3449 	 43GAM CNC 	-0.103 	-0.043 	452 	100   20 	  2    40 	4-3
  15 	 21Alp And 	+0.137 	-0.158 	315 	347   50 	 +26   00 	2-3
  21 	 11Bet Cas 	+0.526 	-0.177 	189 	  7   50 	 +51   40 	3
 219 	 24Eta Cas 	+1.101 	-0.521 	180 	 13   00 	 +47   50 	4
 337 	 43Bet And 	+0.179 	-0.109 	346 	  3   50 	 +26   20 	3
 403 	 37Del Cas 	+0.300 	-0.045 	182 	 20   40 	 +45   30 	3
 544 	  2Alp Tri 	+0.010 	-0.229 	358 	 11   00 	 +16   30 	3
 545 	  5Gam1Ari 	+0.078 	-0.108 	362 	  6   40 	  +7   20 	3-4
 553 	  6Bet Ari 	+0.097 	-0.108 	363 	  7   40 	  +8   20 	3
 941 	 27Kap Per 	+0.178 	-0.153 	201 	 30   30 	 +27   00 	4
 951 	 57Del Ari 	+0.151 	-0.007 	369 	 23   50 	  +1   40 	4
1346 	 54Gam Tau 	+0.116 	-0.024 	390 	 39   00 	  -5   45 	3-4
1409 	 74Eps Tau 	+0.108 	-0.036 	394 	 41   50 	  -3   00 	3-4
1457 	 87Alp Tau 	+0.065 	-0.189 	393 	 42   40 	  -5   10 	1
1791 	112Bet Tau 	+0.025 	-0.175 	400 	 55   40 	  +5   00 	3
2821 	 60Iot Gem 	-0.121 	-0.088 	428 	 82   00 	  +5   30 	4
2990 	 78Bet Gem 	-0.627 	-0.051 	425 	 86   40 	  +6   15 	2
3323 	 1Omi UMa 	-0.131 	-0.110 	  9 	 85   20 	 +39   50 	4
3461 	 47Del Cnc 	-0.017 	-0.233 	453 	101   20 	  -0   10 	4-3
3569 	  9Iot UMa 	-0.443 	-0.235 	 20 	 95   30 	 +29   20 	3
3852 	 14Omi Leo 	-0.143 	-0.041 	474 	117   20 	  -4   10 	4
3905 	 24Mu Leo 	-0.215 	-0.060 	464 	114   20 	 +12   00 	3
4033 	 33Lam UMa 	-0.165 	-0.043 	 28 	112   40 	 +29   20 	3
4301 	 50Alp UMa 	-0.118 	-0.071 	 24 	107   40 	 +49   00 	2
4357 	 68Del Leo 	+0.143 	-0.135 	481 	134   10 	 +13   40 	2-3
4534 	 94Bet Leo 	-0.497 	-0.119 	488 	144   30 	 +11   50 	1-2
4660 	 69Del UMa 	+0.102 	+0.004 	 26 	123   10 	 +51   00 	3
4785 	  8Bet CVn 	-0.707 	+0.288 	 37 	140   10 	 +41   20 	5
4825 	 29Gam Vir 	-0.568 	+0.008 	503 	163   10 	  +2   50 	3
4905 	 77Eps UMa 	+0.109 	-0.010 	 33 	132   10 	 +53   30 	2
5107 	 79Zet Vir 	-0.286 	+0.036 	511 	174   50 	  +8   40 	3
5191 	 85Eta UMa 	-0.124 	-0.014 	 35 	149   50 	 +54   00 	2
5235 	  8Eta Boo 	-0.064 	-0.363 	107 	171   20 	 +28   00 	3
5350 	 21Iot Boo 	-0.154 	+0.088 	 89 	154   10 	 +58   20 	5
5404 	 23The Boo 	-0.242 	-0.400 	 90 	155   20 	 +60   10 	5
5435 	 27Gam Boo 	-0.116 	+0.149 	 92 	169   40 	 +49   00 	3
5487 	107Mu  Vir 	+0.105 	-0.321 	522 	192   40 	  +9   50 	4
5531 	  9Alp2Lib 	-0.108 	-0.071 	529 	198   00 	  +0   40 	2
5747 	  3Bet CrB 	-0.179 	+0.083 	112 	191   40 	 +46   30 	4-3
5793 	  5Alp CrB 	+0.120 	-0.091 	111 	194   40 	 +44   30 	2-1
5854 	 24Alp Ser 	+0.136 	+0.044 	271 	204   20 	 +25   20 	3
6056 	  1Del Oph 	-0.048 	-0.145 	240 	215   00 	 +17   00 	3
6241 	 26Eps Sco 	-0.610 	-0.255 	557 	228   30 	 -11   00 	3
6410 	 65Del Her 	-0.023 	-0.157 	123 	226   40 	 +48   00 	3
6556 	 55Alp Oph 	+0.117 	-0.227 	234 	234   50 	 +36   00 	3-2
6603 	 60Bet Oph 	-0.042 	+0.159 	235 	238   00 	 +27   15 	4-3
6879 	 20Eps Sgr 	-0.032 	-0.125 	572 	248   00 	 -10   50 	3
7557 	 53Alp Aql 	+0.537 	+0.387 	288 	273   50 	 +29   10 	1-2
7602 	 60Bet Aql 	+0.048 	-0.482 	287 	274   50 	 +27   10 	3
7882 	  6Bet Del 	+0.112 	-0.031 	304 	288   30 	 +32   00 	3-4
7949 	 53Eps Cyg 	+0.355 	+0.329 	168 	300   50 	 +49   30 	3
8162 	  5Alp Cep 	+0.150 	+0.052 	 78 	346   40 	 +69   00 	3
8264 	 23Xi Aqr 	+0.113 	-0.023 	633 	297   20 	  +6   15 	5
8278 	 40Gam Cap 	+0.188 	-0.022 	623 	294   50 	  -2   10 	3
8322 	 49Del Cap 	+0.262 	-0.294 	624 	296   20 	  -2   00 	3
8417 	 17Xi Cep 	+0.208 	+0.089 	 81 	358   30 	 +65   30 	5
8499 	 43The Aqr 	+0.117 	-0.019 	641 	306   10 	  +3   00 	4
8518 	 48Gam Aqr 	+0.129 	+0.012 	637 	309   30 	  +8   45 	3
8684 	 48Mu Peg 	+0.148 	-0.036 	324 	327   00 	 +29   30 	4
8775 	 53Bet Peg 	+0.188 	+0.142 	317 	332   10 	 +31   00 	2-3
8974 	 35Gam Cep 	-0.065 	+0.156 	 76 	 33   00 	 +64   15 	4
%                           2

%             
%              
%                


\chapter*{ 2.   
        
  }

\markboth{    }
{    }



    
       
  

{\small \tt

=====================================

program perebor; \{    Pascal  Delphi4.0\}

uses Math;

const

   nstar1 = 300; \{    \}

   pi = 3.1415926536; \{  $\pi$\}

   deltaGM = 5; \{  gamma  $\gamma_{stat}$  
  ( )\}

   deltaBM = 30; \{  beta    
  ( )\}

   gstepM = 1.0;  \{     gamma ( )\}

   bstepM = 1.0;  \{     beta ( )\}

   eps = 30;  \{    
    ( )\}

   d8 = 900000;   \{     
  8-  \}

type

   cr1=record

       nb                                 : integer;

       a,d,va,vd,l,b,cb,sb,Mbs5,Malm      : real;

       obozn                              : string;

       end;

var

    co                                  : array[1..nstar1] of cr1;

    ah,am,asec,dg,dm,ds,va,vd,lg,lm,bg,bm,e,ce,se,

    lx,clx,slx,bx,cbx,sbx,ly,cly,sly,by,cby,sby,

    e1,se1,ce1,ft,ps,mg,maxb1,maxb2,angle,cangle,sangle,

    x,y,gr,deltl,ymin,ymax,gstep,bstep,cgstep,

    sgstep,cbstep,sbstep,bmax,gamma0,beta0,dl0,dist0,

    cminmax,cc,fmax,fminmax,fx,y1,dist1,dBm,dBmm,

    deltaG,cdeltaG,sdeltaG,deltaB,cdeltaB,sdeltaB,

    cGstat,sGstat,xd1,xd2,d8rad,epsrad                    : real;

    stt,stm,stf  : array [1..nstar1,1..6] of real;

    Gstat        : array [1..30] of real; \{ $\gamma_{stat}$
    \}

    zv,zvv       : array [1..nstar1] of integer;

    id           : array [1..nstar1] of integer; \{ 
     8-  :
0 - , 1 - \}

    agamt,cgamt,sgamt,abett,cbett,sbett  : real;

    nb,i,j,t,t1,t2,nstar,Ngamma,Nbeta,Ng0,Nb0,ig,ib,Nstep,

    Iok,Itek,NBmm,NBm,jj,jj1,i8                          : integer;

    f,f1,f2                          : text;

    konec                            : char;

\{************************************************************\}

\{*                            vvod                          *\}

\{************************************************************\}

procedure vvod;

var  i              : integer;

     Mbs5,Malm      : real;

     ob             : string;

begin

assign(f1,'result.txt');

rewrite(f1);

assign(f2,'sig-max.txt');

rewrite(f2);

writeln(f1,'       *** Program perebor.pas ***');

writeln('       *** Program perebor.pas ***');

assign(f,'fast.txt'); \{fast.txt -      \}

reset(f);

\{***********   **************\}

nstar:=0;

while not eof(f) do

    begin \{while\}

    nstar:= nstar+1;

    i:=nstar;

    readln(f,nb,ah,am,asec,dg,dm,ds,Mbs5,va,vd,lg,lm,bg,bm,Malm,ob);

           \{++++++      fast.txt ++++++++\}

           \{ nb -    BS5,                                \}

           \{ ah -   (),                          \}

           \{ am -   ( )  ,    \}

           \{ asec -   ( )  , \}

           \{ dg -  (),                                \}

           \{ dm -  ( ),               \}

           \{ ds -  ( ),              \}

           \{ va -      ,\}

           \{         ("/),                     \}

           \{ vd -               \}

           \{       ("/),                                           \}

           \{ lg -    (),                    \}

           \{ lm -    (),       \}

           \{ bg -    (),                     \}

           \{ bm -    ()             \}

           \{ Mbs5 -  ()  BS5                         \}

           \{ Malm -  ()                    \}

           \{ ob -                         \}

    if (ah<0) then

              begin

              am:= -am;

              asec:=-asec;

              end;

   if (dg<0) then

              begin

              dm:= -dm;

              ds:=- ds;

              end;

   if (bg<0) then bm:= -bm;

    co[i].nb:=nb;

    co[i].a:=pi*(ah+am/60+asec/3600)/12;

    co[i].d:=pi*(dg+dm/60+ds/3600)/180;

    co[i].va:=va*pi/6480.0;    \{  . : \}

    co[i].vd:=vd*pi/6480.0;    \{/->/100         \}

    co[i].l:=pi*(lg+lm/60)/180;

    co[i].b:=pi*(bg+bm/60)/180;

    co[i].Malm:=Malm;

    co[i].Mbs5:=Mbs5;

    co[i].obozn:=ob;

    co[i].cb:=cos(co[i].b);

    co[i].sb:=sin(co[i].b);

    if co[i].cb <> 0 then

       co[i].va:=co[i].va/co[i].cb;\{     \}

    writeln(f1,nb:4,' ',ah:4:0,' ',am:6:2,' ',

             dg:4:0,' ',dm:6:2,' ',

             lg:4:0,' ',lm:4:0,' ',bg:4:0,' ',bm:4:0,' ',

             Malm:3:1,'  ',Mbs5:3:1,'  ',ob);

    writeln(nb:4,' ',ah:4:0,' ',am:6:2,' ',

             dg:4:0,' ',dm:6:2,' ',

             lg:4:0,' ',lm:4:0,' ',bg:4:0,' ',bm:4:0,' ',

             Malm:3:1,'  ',Mbs5:3:1,'  ',ob);

    end;  \{while\}

writeln('nstar= ',nstar);

writeln(f1,'FAST.TXT:  nstar= ',nstar);

writeln(f1);

\{for i:=1 to nstar do

   writeln(f1,co[i].nb:4:0,' ',co[i].a:7:5,' ',co[i].d:7:5,

                ' ',co[i].l:7:5,' ',co[i].b:7:5);  \}

writeln('VVOD' );

end; \{vvod\}

\{************************************************************\}

\{*                     TURN                                 *\}

\{************************************************************\}

procedure turn;


  \{lx (clx, slx) -  (cos, sin)  ,

   bx (cbx, sbx) -  (cos, sin)  ,

   ly (cly, sly) -  (cos, sin)  ,

   by (cby, sby) -  (cos, sin)  ,

   angle (cangle,sangle) -  (cos,sin) \}

var

   c,x,y      : real;

begin \{turn\}

  sby:= -slx*cbx*sangle + sbx*cangle;

  cby:= sqrt(1 - sqr(sby));

  if sby=1 then by:= pi/2

           else by:= arctan(sby/cby);

  c:= cbx*clx;

  if c = 0 then

           begin

             if cbx*cangle+slx*sbx*sangle > 0 then  ly := lx

                                              else  ly:=lx-pi;

             if cbx = 0 then ly:= pi/2;

           end

         else \{ c   \}

         begin

         ly:= (slx*cbx*cangle + sbx*sangle)/c;

         ly:= arctan(ly);

         if ly < 0 then ly:= ly + pi;

         \{if ly > pi then writeln('!!!!!!!!!!');    \}


   \{--------------------------------------------------\}

   \{     ,   
        angle,     ,
              pi,  
    .       ,   
       ,   pi\}

         y:=pi/2 - bx;

         x:=angle*cos(lx+pi/2); \{    .
  : angle*cos(lx+pi/2) <= x <= angle \}

         if y>x  then

                   begin

                   if abs(abs(lx-ly)-pi)<pi/2 then ly:=ly+pi;

                   end

                 else

                   begin

                   if abs(lx-ly)<pi/2 then ly:=ly+pi;

                   end;

   \{--------------------------------------------------\}

         end; \{ c   \}

  cly:= cos(ly);

  sly:= sin(ly);

  if ly > 2*pi then ly:=ly-2*pi;

  if ly < 0 then ly:=ly+2*pi;

end;  \{turn\}

\{****************************************************************\}

\{*                   PERESCHET NA VREMYA                       *\}

\{****************************************************************\}

procedure pereschet;

var  i: integer;

     z,zz: real;

   \{:  stt[i,1] = l

             stt[i,2] = cos(l)

             stt[i,3] = sin(l)

             stt[i,4] = b

             stt[i,5] = cos(b)

             stt[i,6] = sin(b)

              l,b -   
  t (   )\}

   begin \{pereschet\}

   for i:= 1 to nstar do

      begin \{for i\}

      lx := co[i].a + t1*co[i].va;

      clx:= cos(lx);

      slx:= sin(lx);

      bx := co[i].d + t1*co[i].vd;

      sbx:= sin(bx);

      cbx:= sqrt(1 - sqr(sbx));

      cangle:= ce;

      sangle:= se;

      angle:=e;

      turn;

      bx := by;

      cbx:= cby;

      sbx:= sby;

      lx:= ly - ft;

      if lx < 0 then lx:= lx + 2*pi;

      clx:= cos(lx);

      slx:= sin(lx);

      cangle:= ce1;

      sangle:= se1;

      angle:=e1;

      turn;

      stt[i,4]:= by;

      stt[i,5]:= cby;

      stt[i,6]:= sby;

      lx:= ly + ft + ps;

      if lx > 2*pi   then lx:= lx - 2*pi;

      if lx <= -2*pi then lx:= lx + 2*pi;

      if lx > 2*pi   then lx:= lx - 2*pi;

      if lx <= -2*pi then lx:= lx + 2*pi;

      stt[i,1]:= lx;

      stt[i,2]:= cos(lx);

      stt[i,3]:= sin(lx);

     \{----------------------------------

      zz:=mg/60;

      z:= (stt[i,1]-co[i].l)*zz;

      writeln(f1,co[i].nb:4,'  ','L= ',lx*zz:5:3,';  B= ',by*zz:5:3);

      writeln(co[i].nb:4,'  ','L= ',lx*zz:5:3,';  B= ',by*zz:5:3);

      if abs(z)> 20 then

      begin

writeln(f1,'dL=',z:10:1,'(gr); i= ',co[i].nb,' L-alm=',co[i].l*zz:6:2,

                                             ' B-alm=',co[i].b*zz:6:2);

writeln('','dL=',z:10:1,'(gr); i= ',co[i].nb,' L-alm=',co[i].l*zz:6:2,

                                             ' B-alm=',co[i].b*zz:6:2);

      end;

      z:= (stt[i,4]-co[i].b)*mg;

      if abs(z)> 300 then

      begin

      writeln(f1,'  ','dB= ',z:10:1,'(min);  i= ',i);

      writeln('  ','dB= ',z:10:1,'(min);  i= ',i);

      end;

      ------------------------------------   \}

      end;  \{for i\}

end; \{pereschet\}

\{************************************************************\}

\{*   DIST (     )       *\}

\{************************************************************\}

function dist(L1:real;B1:real;L2:real;B2:real) : real;

  \{L1,B1 -     ,

   L2,B2 -     \}

var

   X1,X2,Y1,Y2,Z1,Z2,DE,DSIN,DTAN               : real;

begin \{dist\}

       X1 := COS(B1)*COS(L1);

       Y1 := COS(B1)*SIN(L1);

       Z1 := SIN(B1);

       X2 := COS(B2)*COS(L2);

       Y2 := COS(B2)*SIN(L2);

       Z2 := SIN(B2);

       DE:=SQRT(SQR(X1-X2)+SQR(Y1-Y2)+SQR(Z1-Z2));

       DSIN:= DE/2;

       DTAN:=DSIN/SQRT(1.0-SQR(DSIN));

       Result:= 2.0*ARCTAN(DTAN);


end;\{dist\}

\{**************************************************************\}

\{                          MAIN PROGRAM                        \}

\{**************************************************************\}

begin \{program\}

\{***********************************\}

  vvod;  \{      fast.txt\}

\{***********************************\}

  mg:= 180.0*60.0/pi;    \{-      \}

  e:=pi*(23+27/60+8.26/3600)/180; \{ . .    t=0\}

  se:=sin(e);

  ce:=cos(e);

  d8rad:=d8/mg;

  epsrad:=eps/mg;

  \{--------------------------------------------\}

              for i:=1 to nstar do

              begin

                xd1:=10;

                for i8:=1 to 8 do  \{8  
   !\}

                  begin

                  xd2:=dist(co[i8].a,co[i8].d,co[i].a,co[i].d);

   \{   writeln(f1,co[i].nb,'  dist (min) = ',xd2*mg:4:1);     \}

                  if xd2 < xd1 then xd1:=xd2;

                  end;

                xd2:=xd1*mg/60;

    \{  writeln(f1,co[i].nb,'  dist (grad) = ',xd2:4:1); \}

                if xd1 < d8rad then id[i]:=1 else id[i]:=0;

              end;

  \{--------------------------------------------\}

  gstep:=gstepM/mg;

  bstep:=bstepM/mg;

  cgstep:= cos(gstep);

  sgstep:= sin(gstep);

  cbstep:= cos(bstep);

  sbstep:= sin(bstep);

  deltaG:=deltaGM/mg;

  cdeltaG:= cos(deltaG);

  sdeltaG:= sin(deltaG);

  deltaB:=deltaBM/mg;

  cdeltaB:= cos(deltaB);

  sdeltaB:= sin(deltaB);

  Ngamma:=Trunc(deltaG/gstep); \{   gamma   \}

  Nbeta:= Trunc(deltaB/bstep);   \{   beta   \}

  Gstat[1]:= 30.5/mg;

  Gstat[2]:= 29.5/mg;

  Gstat[3]:= 28.5/mg;

  Gstat[4]:= 27.5/mg;

  Gstat[5]:= 27.0/mg;

  Gstat[6]:= 26.0/mg;

  Gstat[7]:= 25.2/mg;

  Gstat[8]:= 24.4/mg;

  Gstat[9]:= 23.5/mg;

  Gstat[10]:= 22.6/mg;

  Gstat[11]:= 21.8/mg;

  Gstat[12]:= 21.0/mg;

  Gstat[13]:= 20.4/mg;

  Gstat[14]:= 19.5/mg;

  Gstat[15]:= 18.8/mg;

  Gstat[16]:= 18.0/mg;

  Gstat[17]:= 17.2/mg;

  Gstat[18]:= 16.4/mg;

  Gstat[19]:= 15.8/mg;

  Gstat[20]:= 15.0/mg;

  Gstat[21]:= 14.4/mg;

  Gstat[22]:= 13.8/mg;

  Gstat[23]:= 13.1/mg;

  Gstat[24]:= 12.5/mg;

  Gstat[25]:= 12.0/mg;

  Gstat[26]:= 11.5/mg;

  Gstat[27]:= 11.1/mg;

  Gstat[28]:= 10.8/mg;

  Gstat[29]:= 10.5/mg;

  Gstat[30]:= 10.2/mg;

   writeln(f2,' t   ','sigma   ','maxB','    N-in-eps');

  for t:=1 to 30 do \{       1=\}

    begin \{for t\}

   \{ writeln(f1,'T = ',t:2);

    writeln(f1);  \}

    writeln('T = ',t:2);

    writeln;

    t1:=-t;

    e1:=(pi/648000.0)*(47.070559+(-0.033769+0.00005*t1)*t1)*t1;

    se1:=sin(e1);

    ce1:=cos(e1);

    ft:=(pi/180.0)*(174+52/60.0 -t1*870.0798/3600.0+t1*t1*0.024578/3600.0);

    ps:=(pi/648000.0)*(5026.872+(1.131358+0.000102*t1)*t1)*t1;


\{******************************************************\}


    pereschet;   \{     t  \}


\{******************************************************\}


    cGstat:=cos(Gstat[t]);

    sGstat:=sin(Gstat[t]);

    angle:= Gstat[t]-deltaG;

    cangle:= cdeltaG*cGstat+sdeltaG*sGstat;

    sangle:= sGstat*cdeltaG -sdeltaG*cGstat; \{  
 gamma     Gstat[t]-deltaG\}

 \{cgamt,sgamt -        gamma\}

 \{cbett,sbett -        beta\}

    bmax:=1;   \{     
   \}

    dBmm:=1;   \{      
  \}

    Nbmm:=0;    \{      ,
  eps' -   \}

    gamma0:=0; \{     gamma\}

    beta0:=0;  \{     beta\}

    dl0:=0;     \{        \}

    dist0:=0;   \{        \}

    for ig:=-Ngamma to Ngamma do

    begin \{for ig -  \}

  \{  writeln('ig = ',ig); \}

    i:=1;

      while (i <= nstar) do

        begin \{while i<=nstar\}

        lx := stt[i,1];

        clx:= stt[i,2];

        slx:= stt[i,3];

        bx := stt[i,4];

        cbx:= stt[i,5];

        sbx:= stt[i,6];

        turn;

        if ly > 3.0*pi/2.0 then x:= ly-2.0*pi else x:=ly;

        stm[i,1]:=  x+pi/2;

        stm[i,2]:= -sly;

        stm[i,3]:= cly;

        stm[i,4]:= by;

        stm[i,5]:= cby;

        stm[i,6]:= sby;

        i:=i+1;

        end; \{while i<=nstar\}

        agamt:=angle;

        cgamt:=cangle;

        sgamt:=sangle;  \{     gamma,
                               
                         \}

        angle:= -deltaB;

        cangle:= cdeltaB;

        sangle:= -sdeltaB; \{     beta -
                                -deltaB\}

        for ib:= -Nbeta to Nbeta do

        begin \{for ib -  \}

          i:=1;

          maxb1:=0.0;

          ymin:=7.0;

          ymax:=-7.0;

          dBm:=0;

          Nbm :=0;

          while (i <= nstar)  do

            begin \{while i<=nstar\}

            lx := stm[i,1];

            clx:= stm[i,2];

            slx:= stm[i,3];

            bx := stm[i,4];

            cbx:= stm[i,5];

            sbx:= stm[i,6];

            turn;

            stf[i,2]:=by;

            stf[i,3]:=cby;

            if ly < pi/2 then y:=ly + 2*pi else y:= ly;

            stf[i,1]:=ly - pi/2;

            y:= y - pi/2 - co[i].l;

            if y < -pi then y:=y+2*pi

                       else if y> pi then y:= y-2*pi;

            if y < -pi then y:= y+2*pi

                       else if y>pi then y:=y-2*pi;

            y1:=y*cby;

            if abs(y1)>0.5 then

              begin

              writeln(f1,'dL*cosB=',y1:10:5,'(rad); N(BS5)=',co[i].nb:4);

              writeln('dL*cosB=',y1:10:5,'(rad); N(BS5)=',co[i].nb:4);

              writeln(f1,'cosB=',cby:10:5);

              writeln('cosB=',cby:10:5);

              x:=mg/60;

              writeln(f1,'by=',by*x:9:2,'  ly=',ly*x:9:2);

              writeln('by=',by*x:9:2,'  ly=',ly*x:9:2);

              writeln(f1,'L-alm=',co[i].l*x:9:2,'  B-alm=',co[i].b*x:9:2);

              writeln('L-alm=',co[i].l*x:9:2,'  B-alm=',co[i].b*x:9:2);

              readln(konec);

              end;

            stf[i,4]:=y;

            if y < ymin then ymin:= y;

            if y > ymax then ymax:= y;

 \{-------1- :   8    -----------\}

            maxb2:= abs(by - co[i].b);

            if (id[i]=1) and (maxb2 < epsrad) then

                           begin

                           dBm:=dBm+sqr(maxb2);

                           NBm:=NBm+1;

                           zv[NBm]:=i;

                           end;

            if maxb2 > maxb1 then

               begin

               maxb1:= maxb2;

               Itek:=i

               end;

            i:= i+1;

            end; \{while i<=nstar\}

            dBm:=sqrt(dBm/NBm);


   \{----------2- :      ----------\}


   \{         maxb2:= abs(by - co[i].b);

            dBm:=dBm+sqr(maxb2);

            if maxb2*mg<eps then NBm:=NBm+1;

            if maxb2 > maxb1 then

               begin

               maxb1:= maxb2;

               Itek:=i

               end;

            i:= i+1;

            end; \{while i<=nstar\}

   \{        dBm:=sqrt(dBm/nstar);          \}


   \{--------------------- 2- ---------------\}


            \{====================================================

            deltL:=(ymin+ymax)/2; \}\{-   

                                      \}

            \{     :
               C   i  
            cos(B)*[abs(dL(i) - C],
             B -       ,
            dL(i) -     
              i- .
             C     deltL  \}

            x:=0.01;

            y:=ymax-ymin;

            Nstep:=Trunc(y/x);

            cminmax:=ymin;

            cc:=ymin;

            fminmax:=7;

            for i:=1 to Nstep do

              begin

              cc:=cc+x;

              fmax:=0;

              for j:=1 to nstar do

                begin

                fx:=Min(stf[j,3],co[j].cb);

                fx:=fx*abs(stf[j,4]-cc);

                if fx > fmax then fmax:=fx;

                end;

              if fmax < fminmax then

                                begin

                                fminmax:=fmax;

                                deltL:=cc;

                                end;

              end;

            \{====================================================\}

            \{if (maxb1 < bmax) then \}

            if (dBm < dBmm) then  \{ <-      \}

           \{ if (NBm > NBmm) then  \}

            begin

            bmax:=maxb1;

            Iok:=Itek;

            Ng0:=ig;

            Nb0:=ib;

            dBmm:=dBm;

            NBmm:=NBm;

                   for jj:=1 to NBm do

                   begin

                   zvv[jj]:=zv[jj];

                   end;

            gr:=0.0;

            for i:=1 to nstar do

              begin

              x:= (stf[i,4]-deltL)*Min(stf[i,3],co[i].cb);

              x:= sqr(x);

              y:=sqr(stf[i,2] - co[i].b);

              x:=sqrt(x+y);

              if x > gr then gr:=x;

              end;

            dist0:=gr;

            end; \{if maxb1<bmax, if dBm < dBmm  if (NBm > NBmm)\}

            abett:=angle;

            cbett:=cangle;

            sbett:=sangle;

            angle:=angle+bstep;

            cangle:= cbett*cbstep - sbett*sbstep;

            sangle:= sbett*cbstep + cbett*sbstep;

        end;   \{for ib -   \}

        angle:= agamt+gstep;

        cangle:= cgamt*cgstep - sgamt*sgstep;

        sangle:= sgamt*cgstep + cgamt*sgstep;

        end; \{for ig -  \}


    \{**************************************************************\}

                     \{      \}

    gamma0:= (Ng0*gstep+Gstat[t])*mg;

    beta0:=Nb0*bstep*mg;

    bmax:=bmax*mg;

    dist0:=dist0*mg;

    dBmm:=dBmm*mg;

    t2:=1900-t*100;


    writeln(f1,'==================================================');

    writeln(f1,'Max distance to inf. kernel allowed = ',d8,'(min)');

    writeln(f1,'    ',t2:2,'       ',bmax:4:1,' (',co[Iok].nb:4,

    ')      ',gamma0:4:1,'       ',beta0:4:1,'       ',dist0:4:1);

 writeln(f1,'      sigma=',dBmm:4:1,'   Nstars=  ',NBmm,'(',eps,'min close)');

    for jj:=1 to NBmm do

       begin

       jj1:=zvv[jj];

       writeln(f1,co[jj1].nb,'   ',co[jj1].obozn);

       end;

    writeln(f2,t2:2,'   ',dBmm:4:1,'    ',bmax:4:1,'    ',NBmm);

    writeln('*** T = ',t2:2,'  ***');


    writeln('Max distance to inf. kernel allowed = ',d8,'(min)');


    writeln('dBmax=',bmax:4:1,' i=',co[Iok].nb:4,' gamma=',gamma0:4:1,


               '  beta= ',beta0:4:1,'   dist=',dist0:4:1);


 writeln('sigma=',dBmm:4:1,'; Nstars (',eps,' min close)=',NBmm);

    end;  \{for t\}

close(f1);

close(f2);

writeln('Enter any character');

readln(konec);

end.

===========================================


\vspace{1cm}

      PERESCHET ( FAST.TXT)

\vspace{0.5cm}

     FAST.TXT   PERESCHET:

1  --       BS4, BS5;

2  --   RA 1900  BS5: ;

3  --   RA 1900  BS5: ;

4  --   RA 1900  BS5: ;

5  --  DEC 1900  BS5: ;

6  --  DEC 1900  BS5: ;

7  --  DEC 1900  BS5: ;

8  --    BS5;

9  --     RA1900,  
 ( BS4);

10  --     DEC1900,  
 ( BS4);

11  --   ;

12  --   ;

13  --   ;

14  --     BS5.


\vspace{0.7cm}

1.  : 8    .

\vspace{0.4cm}

}
{\footnotesize \tt

5340 14  11  06.0 +19 42 11 -0.04 -1.098 -1.999 177 00 +31  30 1.~  16Alp Boo


1708 05  09  18.0 +45 53 47 ~0.08 +0.080 -0.423 ~55 00 +22  30 1.~  13Alp Aur


3982 10  03  02.8 +12 27 22 ~1.35 -0.249 +0.003 122 30 ~~0  10 1.~ 32Alp Leo


2943 07  34  04.0 +05 28 53 ~0.38 -0.706 -1.029 ~89 10 -16  10 1.~ 10Alp CMi


5056 13  19  55.4 -10 38 22 ~0.98 -0.043 -0.033 176 40 ~-2  ~0 1.~ 67Alp Vir


6134 16  23  16.4 -26 12 36 ~0.96 -0.007 -0.023 222 40 ~-4  ~0 2.~ 21Alp Sco


7001 18  33  33.1 +38 41 26 ~0.03 +0.200 +0.285 257 20 ~62  ~0 1.~ ~3Alp Lyr


3449 08  37  29.9 +21 49 42 ~4.66 -0.103 -0.043 100 20 ~~2  40 3.7 43Gam Cnc
}
{\small \tt

\vspace{0.7cm}

2.  :     A, ZodA, B, ZodB, M,
 (>=0.1"/  RA1900  DEC1900)    
     ,     
   .    
    8- .
}
\vspace{0.4cm}
{\footnotesize \tt

5340 14 11 06.0 +19 42 11  -0.04 -1.098 -1.999 177 00 +31 30 1.~  16Alp Boo

1708 05 09 18.0 +45 53 47  ~0.08 +0.080 -0.423 ~55 00 +22 30 1.~  13Alp Aur

3982 10 03 02.8 +12 27 22  ~1.35 -0.249 +0.003 122 30 ~~0 10 1.~  32Alp Leo

2943 07 34 04.0 +05 28 53  ~0.38 -0.706 -1.029 ~89 10 -16 10 1.~  10Alp CMi

5056 13 19 55.4 -10 38 22  ~0.98 -0.043 -0.033 176 40 ~-2 ~0 1.~  67Alp Vir

6134 16 23 16.4 -26 12 36  ~0.96 -0.007 -0.023 222 40 ~-4 ~0 2.~  21Alp Sco

7001 18 33 33.1 +38 41 26  ~0.03 +0.200 +0.285 257 20 ~62 ~0 1.~  ~3Alp Lyr

3449 08 37 29.9 +21 49 42  ~4.66 -0.103 -0.043 100 20 ~~2 40 3.7  43Gam Cnc

~~15 00 03 13.0 +28 32 18  ~2.06 +0.137 -0.158 347 50 +26 00 2.3  21Alp And

~~21 00 03 50.2 +58 35 54  ~2.27 +0.526 -0.177 ~~7 50 +51 40 3.~  11Bet Cas

~219 00 43 03.0 +57 17 06  ~3.44 +1.101 -0.521 ~13 00 +47 50 4.~  24Eta Cas

~337 01 04 07.8 +35 05 26  ~2.06 +0.179 -0.109 ~~3 50 +26 20 3.~  43Bet And

~403 01 19 16.1 +59 42 56  ~2.68 +0.300 -0.045 ~20 40 +45 30 3.~  37Del Cas

~544 01 47 22.7 +29 05 30  ~3.41 +0.010 -0.229 ~11 00 +16 30 3.~  ~2Alp Tri

~545 01 48 02.4 +18 48 21  ~4.83 +0.078 -0.108 ~~6 40 ~+7 20 3.3  5Gam1Ari

~553 01 49 06.8 +20 19 09  ~2.64 +0.097 -0.108 ~~7 40 ~+8 20 3.~  ~6Bet Ari

~941 03 02 44.8 +44 28 43  ~3.80 +0.178 -0.153 ~30 30 +27 00 4.~  27Kap Per

~951 03 05 54.5 +19 20 55  ~4.35 +0.151 -0.007 ~23 50 ~+1 40 4.~  57Del Ari

1346 04 14 06.0 +15 23 11  ~3.65 +0.116 -0.024 ~39 00 ~-5 45 3.3  54Gam Tau

1409 04 22 46.5 +18 57 31  ~3.53 +0.108 -0.036 ~41 50 ~-3 00 3.3  74Eps Tau

1457 04 30 10.9 +16 18 30  ~0.85 +0.065 -0.189 ~42 40 ~-5 10 1.~  87Alp Tau

1791 05 19 58.1 +28 31 23  ~1.65 +0.025 -0.175 ~55 40 ~+5 00 3.~  112Bet Tau

2821 07 19 30.9 +27 59 49  ~3.79 -0.121 -0.088 ~82 00 ~+5 30 4.~  60Iot Gem

2990 07 39 11.8 +28 16 04  ~1.14 -0.627 -0.051 ~86 40 ~+6 15 2.~  78Bet Gem

3323 08 21 57.5 +61 03 09  ~3.36 -0.131 -0.110 ~85 20 +39 50 4.~  1Omi  UMa

3461 08 39 00.1 +18 31 19  ~3.94 -0.017 -0.233 101 20 ~-0 10 3.7  47Del Cnc

3569 08 52 21.8 +48 26 04  ~3.14 -0.443 -0.235 ~95 30 +29 20 3.~  ~9Iot UMa

3852 09 35 48.8 +10 20 50  ~3.52 -0.143 -0.041 117 20 ~-4 10 4.~  14Omi Leo

3905 09 47 04.6 +26 28 41  ~3.88 -0.215 -0.060 114 20 +12 00 3.~  24Mu  Leo

4033 10 11 04.0 +43 24 50  ~3.45 -0.165 -0.043 112 40 +29 20 3.~  33Lam UMa

4301 10 57 33.6 +62 17 27  ~1.79 -0.118 -0.071 107 40 +49 00 2.~  50Alp UMa

4357 11 08 47.4 +21 04 18  ~2.56 +0.143 -0.135 134 10 +13 40 2.3  68Del Leo

4534 11 43 57.5 +15 07 52  ~2.14 -0.497 -0.119 144 30 +11 50 1.3  94Bet Leo

4660 12 10 28.7 +57 35 18  ~3.31 +0.102 +0.004 123 10 +51 00 3.~  69Del UMa

4785 12 28 59.6 +41 54 03  ~4.26 -0.707 +0.288 140 10 +41 20 5.~  ~8Bet CVn

4825 12 36 35.5 -00 54 03  ~3.68 -0.568 +0.008 163 10 ~+2 50 3.~  29Gam Vir

4905 12 49 37.8 +56 30 09  ~1.77 +0.109 -0.010 132 10 +53 30 2.~  77Eps UMa

5107 13 29 35.8 -00 05 05  ~3.37 -0.286 +0.036 174 50 ~+8 40 3.~  79Zet Vir

5191 13 43 36.0 +49 48 45  ~1.86 -0.124 -0.014 149 50 +54 00 2.~  85Eta UMa

5235 13 49 55.3 +18 53 56  ~2.68 -0.064 -0.363 171 20 +28 00 3.~  ~8Eta Boo

5350 14 12 37.4 +51 49 42  ~4.75 -0.154 +0.088 154 10 +58 20 5.~  21Iot Boo

5404 14 21 47.5 +52 18 47  ~4.05 -0.242 -0.400 155 20 +60 10 5.~  23The Boo

5435 14 28 03.0 +38 44 44  ~3.03 -0.116 +0.149 169 40 +49 00 3.~  27Gam Boo

5487 14 37 47.3 -05 13 25  ~3.88 +0.105 -0.321 192 40 ~+9 50 4.~  107Mu  Vir

5531 14 45 20.7 -15 37 34  ~2.75 -0.108 -0.071 198 00 ~~0 40 2.~  ~9Alp2Lib

5747 15 23 42.3 +29 27 01  ~3.68 -0.179 +0.083 191 40 +46 30 3.7  ~3Bet CrB

5793 15 30 27.2 +27 03 04  ~2.23 +0.120 -0.091 194 40 +44 30 1.7  ~5Alp CrB

5854 15 39 20.5 +06 44 25  ~2.65 +0.136 +0.044 204 20 +25 20 3.~  24Alp Ser

6056 16 09 06.2 -03 26 13  ~2.74 -0.048 -0.145 215 00 +17 00 3.~  ~1Del Oph

6241 16 43 41.1 -34 06 42  ~2.29 -0.610 -0.255 228 30 -11 00 3.~  26Eps Sco

6410 17 10 55.4 +24 57 25  ~3.14 -0.023 -0.157 226 40 +48 00 3.~  65Del Her

6556 17 30 17.5 +12 37 58  ~2.08 +0.117 -0.227 234 50 +36 00 2.7  55Alp Oph

6603 17 38 31.9 +04 36 32  ~2.77 -0.042 +0.159 238 00 +27 15 3.7  60Bet Oph

6879 18 17 32.0 -34 25 55  ~1.85 -0.032 -0.125 248 00 -10 50 3.~  20Eps Sgr

7557 19 45 54.2 +08 36 15  ~0.77 +0.537 +0.387 273 50 +29 10 1.7  53Alp Aql

7602 19 50 24.0 +06 09 25  ~3.71 +0.048 -0.482 274 50 +27 10 3.~  60Bet Aql

7882 20 32 51.5 +14 14 50  ~3.63 +0.112 -0.031 288 30 +32 00 3.3  ~6Bet Del

7949 20 42 09.8 +33 35 44  ~2.46 +0.355 +0.329 300 50 +49 30 3.~  53Eps Cyg

8162 21 16 11.5 +62 09 43  ~2.44 +0.150 +0.052 346 40 +69 00 3.~  ~5Alp Cep

8264 21 32 25.7 -08 18 10  ~4.69 +0.113 -0.023 297 20 ~+6 15 5.~  23Xi  Aqr

8278 21 34 33.1 -17 06 51  ~3.68 +0.188 -0.022 294 50 ~-2 10 3.~  40Gam Cap

8322 21 41 31.3 -16 34 52  ~2.87 +0.262 -0.294 296 20 ~-2 00 3.~  49Del Cap

8417 22 00 53.7 +64 08 26  ~4.29 +0.208 +0.089 358 30 +65 30 5.~  17Xi  Cep

8499 22 11 33.4 -08 16 53  ~4.16 +0.117 -0.019 306 10 ~+3 00 4.~  43The Aqr

8518 22 16 29.5 -01 53 29  ~3.84 +0.129 +0.012 309 30 ~+8 45 3.~  48Gam Aqr

8684 22 45 10.5 +24 04 25  ~3.48 +0.148 -0.036 327 00 +29 30 4.~  48Mu  Peg

8775 22 58 55.5 +27 32 25  ~2.42 +0.188 +0.142 332 10 +31 00 2.3  53Bet Peg

8974 23 35 14.3 +77 04 27  ~3.21 -0.065 +0.156 ~33 00 +64 15 4.~  35Gam Cep
}





                        

  ,      ,
 .        .
  ,       
 .


***********************************************************************

                       .

# [1]  .. "  ". - M, 1979.

# [17] "   ".   
.  ,  
 . - , 1892. - : ,
- , 1996.

# [35]  . ". (  )". - ,
"", 1975.

# [40:c] " .    . . .
".   .. -   ..
 . "-", -, 2006.

# [44]   .. "". - :   . 
7(55). - . , 1935.

# [64]  .,  . "    ". - ., 1915.
 : Be'mon C., Monod G. <<Histoire de l'Europe au
Moyen A^ge>>. - Paris, 1921.

# [65]  . "  ".  .. -
.-., , 1946.

# [75]  .. "  ". - .: , 1979.

# [90]  . "     XV-XVIII
. ,    , , ,
.     ..". - ,
- , 1992.

# [98]  .. " ". - ., , 1988.

# [127]  .. "  -  
". - . - .: , 1961.
.7, .44.

# [139]  .. "  ". - , "",
1988.

# [143:0] ". 1401-1610:   ". 
  . -   : IL RINASCIMENTO.
1401-1610: lo splendore dell'arte europea.  Milano, Mondatori Elekta S.p.A.
2002. ,  " ",  " ", 2003.

# [150:1] ".    ". 
  . - , - -, 2006.  
 : "Dorling Kindersley UNIVERSE", London, A Penguin Company,
2005.

# [179]  ..,  .. <<   " " 
  >>. - " ", 1983, No.12,
.68-83.

# [217]  .. "  ". - .,
, 1972.

# [237]  .. "-  (50000 )". - .,
- " ", 1976.

# [262]  .. "     
". - , , 1976.

# [263]  ..,  ..,  .. << 
"" .   
 >>. -  "",  1
 1999 , .

# [273]  ..,  .. << "" 
  >>. -  , 1987, .294, No.2,
.310-313.

# [274]  ..,  .. <<  
 ""     .
(     )>>. -
- . - ., , 1989,
.175-192.

# [280]  .. "  ".
- . - .: , 1977,
.13.

# [288]  .. "   ". - .: , 1987.

# [293] "     ". : "Mapy
severni a jizni hvezdne' oblohy". - Kartografie Praha. 1971.
().

# [304]  . " ".  1-4. -  ...
., 1894-1904.

# [338]  .. "     ".
   ... , -
"   ", 1994.

# [350]  ..,  ..,  .. "
    ". -  
, 1989, .307, No.4, .829-832.
English translation: Fomenko A.T., Kalashnikov V.V.,
Nosovsky G.V. "Dating the Almagest by variable star
configurations". - Soviet Phys. Dokl. vol.34, 1989, No.8,
pp.666-668.

# [351]  ..,  ..,  ..
<<
   ""    >>.
. - .: , 1990,  60 .

# [352]  ..,  ..,  .. <<

  "">>. . - .: , 1990,
 62 .

# [353]  ..,  ..,  .. <<
  "">>. . - .: , 1990,
 58 .

# [354]  ..,  ..,  .. "

  ". - ", . 
".  . 1990, .23. , -
"", .78-92.

# [355]  ..,  ..,  .. <<
   "">>. -   . 1990,
.313, No.6, .1315-1320.

# [376]  ..,  .. "   
 ?" -    .. "
     ( 
?)". - , , - - - ,
1993, .156-166.

# [393]  .. "  ". - ., , 
, 1985.

# [395]  .. " ". - ., , 1987.

# [418]  . "". - -, "", 1996.

# [453]  .. " ". - .: , 1978.

# [463:1]  . ".  ". - :   .
, - /Slovo.   . Magnus Edizioni Srl,
Udine, Italy, 2012.   2012 .

# [482]  . "    ".   .
.  . . . . - .: . ., 1897-1899.

# [483]  . "    ".  1,2,3. -
, - , .1 (1989 .), .2 (1991 .), .3 (1993 .).
 : Livius Titus. "Works". - Harvard University
Press, Cambridge, Mass.; Heinemann, London, 1914.

# [495]  .. "     .
  (XXX   .. - XIX ). 
.  . ". - ., -
"", 1995.

# [497:1]  . " ". - , - "", 1970.

# [503] " . ".  .. 
" "  "  
", .37, .192-221. - , . 
: "The Chronicle of John Malalas". - Chicago University
Press, Chicago, 1940.

# [515]  .. "  - . 1471-1528". -
- . ,  , - ,
1987.

# [516]  .. "-". - "-
". .: , 1983, .16, .93-138.

# [518]  . "  ". 
... - ,  .., 1908.

# [537]  ..,  .. "  
XIII    . 1270-1300". - ,
- , 1984.

# [543]  .. "   , 
   . ". - .,
 - .., 1914.

# [544]  .. ". (   -
 )".  1-7. - .-., , 1924-1932 .  .1:
1924 (2- : 1927), .2: 1926, .3: 1927, .4:  1928, .5:
1929, .6: 1930, .7: 1932.  (    : 
1924   1927 ).   1998 ,   , 
    ..  
 "".      .

# [550] ".  ".  1.  
  1917 . - , - "", 1985.

# [571]  . "   ". - ., , 1968.
 : "The Exact Sciences in Antiquity". Acta
Historica Scientiarum Naturalism et Medicinalium. Vol.9,
Copenhagen, 1957.  : Harper & Bros., New York, 1962.

# [614]  . "  ". - ., ,
1985.    :
Robert R.Newton. "The Crime of Claudius Ptolemy". - The Johns
Hopkins University Press. Baltimore and London, 1977.

# [643]  . " ". - .: , 1966.

# [704]  . "    
 ".  ... - , ,
, 1998.

# [713]  . "".   "  ". -
., - /SLOVO, 1998.   
Magnus Editioni SpA, UDINE, Italy, 1996.

# [740] "   ".  . - ., , 1975.

# [797] "  ". - ., 
, 1984.

# [912:3]   .. <<  ""-
    ()>>.  : 
..,  ..,  .. " 
. . ". - , 
  " ", 2000, .635-810.

# [926]  . " ".   
..  ... - , - , 1981.
 : Dr Dieter B.Herrmann. "Entdecker des Himmels".
Urania-Verlag. Leipzig-Jena-Berlin, 1979.

# [940] " ", 1680 . - ( .)

# [946]  . "". -  "  ",
 5-6. - . , 1935.

# [948]  .. ".  .  ". - ., ,
1966.  : Cicero Marcus Tullius. "Works". -
Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.; Heinemann, London,
1977.

# [951]  .. " ". - .: , 1985.
 : Cicero Marcus Tullius. "Works". - Harvard
University Press, Cambridge, Mass.; Heinemann, London, 1977.

# [954]  .. " ". - .: , 1987.

# [968]  .. "   : 
  ". - -
. .: , 1988, .17, .167-186.


              .


# [1009] <<America. Das fru"he Bild der Neuen Welt>>. Ausstellung der
Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek Mu"nchen. - Prestel Verlag,
Mu"nchen, 1992.

# [1017:1] "Astronomy before the telescope". Edited by Christopher Walker.
With the foreword by Patrick Moore. Published for The Trustees
of The British Museum by British Museum Press. 1996. A division
of The British Museum Company Ltd.

# [1023] Baily F. "An account of the life of Sir John Flaemsteed". -
London, 1835.

# [1024] Baily F. "The Catalogues of Ptolemy, Ulugh Beigh, Tycho Brahe,
Halley and Hevelins, deduced from the best authorities". - Royal
Astr. Soc. Memoirs, XIII, 1843, .1-248.

# [1029] Bennet J.A. "The Divided Circle. A History of Instruments for
Astronomy Navigation and Surveying". - Phaidon. Christie's
Oxford, 1987.

[1036:1]  Blaeu Joan. Atlas Maior of 1665. Introduction and text by Peter van
der Krost. Based on the copy in the Osterreichische Nationalbibliotek, Vienna.
Directed and produced by Benedikt Taschen. 2005. Ko"ln, London, Los Angeles,
Madrid, Paris, Tokyo.

# [1037] Bloch M. "La societe feodale". - Paris, 1968.

# [1040] Bode J.E. <<Claudius Ptolema"eus, Astronom zu Alexandrien in
zweyten Jahrhundert. Beobachtung und Beschreibung der Gestirne
und der Bewegung. Vergleichnungen der neuern Beobachtungen von
J.E.Bode>>. - Berlin und Stettin, 1795.   
   .

# [1049] Brahei T. "Equitis Dani Astronomorum Coryhaei Vita". -
Authore Petro Gassendo. MDCLV. Regio ex Typographia Adriani Vlac.

# [1058] Campbell Tony. "Early Maps". - Abbeville Press Publishers. New
York. 1981.

# [1076] Copernici N. "Revolutionibus Orbium Caelestium". Lib. VI. -
Ed. by G. Loachimi. Thoruni, 1873.

# [1117] Eichler Anja-Franziska. <<Albrecht Du"rer. 1471-1528>>. -
Ko"nemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Cologne, 1999, Germany.

# [1118] <<Encyclopaedia Britannica; or, a Dictionary of Arts and
Sciences, compiled upon a new Plan. In which the different
Sciences and Arts are digested into distinct Treatises or
Systems; and the various Technical Terms, etc. are explained as
the occur in the order of the Alphabet. Illustrated with one
hundred and sixty coperplates>>. By a Society of Gentlemen in
Scotland. In three volumes. - Edinburgh: Printed for A.Bell and
C.Macfarquhar. M.DCC.LXXI (1771).

# [1118:1] "Encyclopaedia Britannica". On-line version, 2001. 
  .

# [1119] Evans James. "On the Origin of the Ptolemaic Star Catalogue".
Part 1. - Journal for the History of Astronomy. Vol.18, Part 3,
August 1987, No.54, pp.155-172.

# [1120] Evans James. "On the Origin of the Ptolemaic Star Catalogue".
Part 2. - Journal for the History of Astronomy. Vol.18, Part 4,
November 1987, No.55, pp.235-277.

# [1144] Fricke W., Koff A. "FK4". - Vero"f. Astr. Inst. Heidelberg,
1963, No.10.

# [1152] Gassendi. "Nicolai Coppernici vita".   :
"Tychonis Brahei, equitis Mani, astronomorum copyrhaei vita".
XDCLV.

# [1153] Gingerich O. "Ptolemy Revisited: A Reply to R.R.Newton". -
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1981, No.22,
pp.40-44.

# [1154] Ginzel F.K. <<Spezieller Kanon der Sonnen- und Mondfinsternisse
fu"r das La"ndergebiet der klassischen Altertumwissenschaften
und den Zeitraum von 900 vor Chr. bis 600 nach Chr.>> - Berlin:
Mayer & Mu"ller, 1899.

# [1155] Ginzel F.K. "Handbuch der Mathematischen und Technischen
Chronologie". Bd. I-III. - Leipzig, 1906,1911,1914.

# [1160] Goss John. "KartenKunst: Die Geschichte der Kartographie". -
Der Deutschen Ausgabe: Georg Westermann Verlag GmbH,
Braunschweig 1994.     :
Goss John. <<The Mapmaker's Art. A History of Cartography>>. -
Studio Editions Ltd., London.

# [1177] Harley J.B. and Woodward David. "The History of Cartography.
Volume 1. Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe
and the Mediterranean". - The University of Chicago Press. Chicago
& London. 1987.

# [1182] Hearnshaw J.B. and Khan D. <<An Analysis of the Magnitude Data in
Ptolemy's Almagest>>. - Southern Stars. Journal of the Royal
Astronomical Society of New Zealand (Inc.). Wellington, New
Zealand. Vol.36, Nos.5-6, December 1955, pp.169-177.

# [1191:1] Hildebrandt Stefan, Tromba Anthony. "The Parsimonious Universe.
Shape and Form in the Natural World". - Copernicus,
Springer-Verlag New York, 1996.

# [1197] Hofflit D. "The Bright Star Catalogue". - Yale Univ. Obs.
New Haven Connecticut, USA, 1982.

# [1222] Kinoshita H. "Formulas for Precession". - Smithsonian Inst.
Astrophys. Observatory. Cambridge: Massachussets, 1975.
02138, Feb.28.

# [1228] <<Ko"ln in historischen Stadtpla"nen. Die Entwicklung der Stadt
seit dem 16.Jahrhundert>>. - Argon Verlag GmbH, Berlin,
1995.

# [1234] Kurth Willi. <<The Complete Woodcuts of Albrecht Du"rer>>. With
the introduction by Campbell Dodgson, M.A., C.B.E. - Dover
Publications, Inc. New York, USA, 1963.

# [1257] Lubienietski S. "Historia universalis omnium Cometarum".
- Lugduni Batavorum, 1681. ( 
).

# [1295] Newcomb S. "Tables of the Motion of the Earth on its Axis
and around the Sun". - Astronomical Paper. 1898. V.VI, Pt.1.

# [1298] Newton Isaac. <<The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms amended. To
which is Prefix'd, A Short Chronicle from the First Memory of
Things in Europe, to the Conquest of Persia by Alexander the
Great>>. - London, J.Tonson, 1728.   1988 . 
: Histories and Mysteries of Man LTD. Lavender Walk,
London SW11 1LA, 1988.

# [1337] Petavius D. "De doctrina temporum". Vol.1. - Paris, 1627.
(Petau D. "Opus de doctrina temporum, etc." V.1.
Antwerpiae, M. DCCV.)

# [1338] Petavius D.: "Petavii Avrelianensis e Societate Iesv, Rationarivm
Temporvm in Partes Dvas, Libros tredecim distributum". - Editio
Vltima. Parisiis, Apud Sebastianvm Cramoisy, Regis, & Reginae
Architypographum: Gabrielem Cramoisy. M.DC.LII. Cvm Pivilegio
Regis.

# [1339] Peters C.H.F., Knobel E.B. <<Ptolemy's Catalogue of Stars. A
Revision of the Almagest>>. - Washington: The Carnegie Inst. of
Washington, 1915. Publ. No.86.

# [1343] "Philipp Apian und die Kartographie der Renaissance". Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek. - Anton H.Konrad Verlag. Mu"nchen, 1989.

# [1355] Ptolemy. "The Almagest". (Great Books of Western World,
vol.16). Translated by R.Catesby Taliaferro. - The Univ. of
Chicago, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1952.

# [1358] <<Ptolemy's Almagest>>. Transl. and annot. by G.J.Toomer. -
London, 1984.

# [1365] Rawlins Dennis. "An investigation of the ancient star catalog".
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
Vol.XCIV, 1982, pp.359-373.

# [1374] "Rome Reborn". The Vatican Library and Renaissance Culture.
Edited by Anthony Grafton. - Library of Congress, Washington,
Yale University Press, New Haven, London, Biblioteca Apostolica
Vaticana, Vatican City, 1993.

# [1387] Scaliger I. "Opus novum de emendatione temporum". - Lutetiac.
Paris, 1583.    1598 . : Scaliger I.
"Thesaurum temporum", 1606.

# [1394] Schjellerup H.C.F.G. <<Description des 'etoiles fixes compos'ee
an mittelien du dixi`eme Si`ecle de notre `ere par l'astronome
persan abd-Al-Rahman Al-Sufi>>. - , 1874.

# [1396:1] [Schedel] Hartmann Schedel. "La chronique universelle de
nuremberg". L'edition de Nuremberg, colore'e et commente'e.
(L'edition 1493, colore'e et commente'e). Introduction et
Appendice par Stephan Fu"ssel. - Taschen GmbH. (Ko"ln). Ko"ln,
London, Madrid, New York, Paris, Tokyo, 2001.

# [1405:1] Simon J.L., Bretagnon P., Chapront J., Chapront-Touze M.,
Francou G., Laskar J. (Bureau des Longitudes, URA 707.  77, Avenue
Denfert-Rochereau 75014, Paris, France).   
 , -   
 8-     ( PLANETAP,
Fortran 77) - Astron. Astrophys. 282, 663 (1994).

# [1460:1] Thoren Victor E. "The Lord of Uraniborg. A Biography of Tycho
Brahe". With contributions by John R.Christianson. - Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, New York, Port Chester, Melbourne,
Sydney (1994 ?).

# [1461] Thorndike Linn. Ph.D., L.H.D. "A History of Magic and
Experimental Science. (During the first thirteen centuries of
our era)". - Vols.1,2. N.-Y., 1923. Columbia University Press,
New York. 1943, 1947, 1958.

# [1478] Werner H. and Schmeidler F. "Synopsis der Nomenklatur der
Fixsterne" - Wissensch. Verlags-Gesellschaft Stuttgart (1986).

                     
                " ".

**********************************************************************
                           
**********************************************************************

.0.1.   1584 .   
. Thevet. Les vrais protr. et vies d. hommes illustres... Paris,
1584.   [704], .431.

.0.2.      (
1469--1474),  .     .
  [704], .448.

.0.2a.     ,    . 
 [143:0], .142.

.0.3.     " " 
. ,  1493 .   [90], .25.

.0.4.   ,     
 .   [98], .7.

.0.4a.        (Henricus
Hondius) 1630 .   [1036:1], .44.

.0.5.   .   , XVI .   [1160],
.25.

.0.6.     " " 
, 1707 .     ,   
  .   [90], .212.

.0.6a.     " " (Celestial Atlas),
  1660-1661   .  -  
.   [150:1], .85.

.0.6b.         XVII  [1036:1], .13.

.0.7.    ,    1478--1543 .
  [1160], .310.

.0.8.     " " 
.   [90], .212.

.0.9.      .    
 (Andreas Cellarius) 1661  ().    [1160],
.9.

.0.10. .     1661 .  
[1160], .9.

.0.11.   1635 ,     " "
 .  ,   "" 
    ,   XVI .  
 --   .  :  , .  . ,
1635.   [35], .58,  XXXII.

.0.12.     " " . 
,    ,    , 
    ""    
XVI--XVII : ,    .    [926], .73.

.0.13.        . 
  - ,     .    
 , 1507 .  Martin Waldseemu"llers Weltkarte von
1507.    [1009], .12.

.0.14.    .   [1009], .12.

.0.15.     ( )  
  :   (  ),
     ( ).    "
"  .  , 1666.   .  
..      ,    --
    XVI--XVII  --   1300--1400
.       "".    [90], .6.

.0.15a.    ,     ,
. .   [1036:1], .51.

.0.16.    .   ""  
  .   ,  XVII    
,   --   XIV--XVI .   [1036:1],
.51. .  [90], .6.

.0.16a.    . "  1352 .   
(,  ,  ).    --   
)" [497:1], .35.

.0.17.   ,  .  
 1517 .    --  . ,   --
.   ""    
 .  In:  Gregor Reisch, "Margarita philosophica...",
Basel: Michael Furter, 1517.   [1009], .21.

.0.18.         ""
.   [1009], .21.

.0.19.        1609 .
   (Abraham Hogenberg).   
   ,     "" .   
[1228].

.0.20.       .   [1228].

.0.21.        1285--1297
.  Missel a`l'Usage de Saint-Nicaise de Reims.   
     ,      ""
.    [537], .207.

.0.22.     .   [537], .207.

.0.23.     .   [1160], .310.

.0.24.         .
  [1160], .311.

.0.25.    (?)  ,   
.     .  ,   
  .        
 .    [1029], .24.

.0.26.         1661  
 (Andreas Cellarius), .   [1058], .20. 
 .

.0.27.         1661  
 (Andreas Cellarius), .   [1058], .20. 
 .

.0.28.   .  .    [1058],
.20.

.0.29.    . 1627 .   . .
 [926], .69.

.0.30.      1537 .

.0.31.      (1919--1991).

************************************************************************
                             1

.1.1.    .   
  .

.1.2.    .

.1.3.     .

.1.4.         .

.1.5.        
     ,   t,
   ,   t'.

.1.6.  ,     
     .

.1.7.    .

.1.8.   .

.1.9.    ().

.1.10.   .

.1.11.  ,   XVI    
 (Brahe, 1598).    , 
""    II  ..   ,  
    ,  , XV--XVII .   [1036:1], .91. .
 [1029], .13.

.1.11a.       .   [1036:1],
.95.

.1.12.         
 .   . ",  ",
, 1598 .   [1036:1], .92. .  [926], .62.

.1.13.      , , 
   .

.1.14.  .

.1.14a.   .   [1036:1], .96.

.1.14b.     .   [1036:1], .97.

.1.15.       .  
[1029], .19.

.1.16.      (Brahe, 1598).   [1029], .26.

.1.16a.    .   [1036:1], .90.

.1.17.    (Brahe, 1598).   [1036:1], .91. .
 [1029], .26.

.1.18.       (Brahe, 1598).   [1036:1],
.94. .  [1029], .26.

.1.19.        . 
 .   (Hevelius, 1673).    [1029], .67.

.1.20.  .

.1.21.      , 1532 .
  ,     .   137
.   [1029], .15.

.1.21a.    XVIII . Whipple Museum of the History
of Science.   , .

.1.21b.   . ,   .  
, .

.1.21c.  . ,  ..  XVII
.   ..  2013    " 
", .

.1.22.   ,   (turketum).
       .
      .  (Werner, 1533).
  [1029], .18.

.1.23.   XVII--XVIII , ,  , 
   .   [1029], .21.

.1.24.      (Gemma Frisius).
"  ,   
...     ,     
   (Apianus, 1539)".   
[1029], .21.

.1.25.      . , .  
, .         
, Whipple Myseum [1029], .31.

.1.26.   ,   1735  (John Harrison).
  408 .   [1029], .140.

*******************************************************************
                             2

.2.1.    ,   
.

.2.2.      ,  .
  1515 .   [544], .4, .204. .  [90], .8.

.2.3.      ,  .  
1515 .   [544], .4, .105.

.2.4.      ,   
 1527 ,      .    ,
"       
" [90], .9.     1515   .

.2.5.         1551
.      !  
[543],   .216--217.

.2.6.         1551 .
 , ,     . 
 [543],   .216--217.

.2.7.   ,   XVIII   
  .   : J.E.Bode, "Claudius Ptolemaeus
Beobachtung und Bescgreibung der Gestirne", 1795, S. 238.   [544],
.4,   .184--185.

.2.8.    ,   XVIII    
 .   : J.E.Bode, "Claudius Ptolemaeus
Beobachtung und Bescgreibung der Gestirne", 1795, S.238.   [544],
.4,   .184--185.

.2.9.       1551 .

.2.10.    ,    IX
.   [1374], .143.

.2.11.    ,    XIII--XIV
.    [1374], .146.

.2.12.     ,   
  (George Trebizond)  1481 .  
[1374], .147.

.2.13.    ,    
  .       
 .

.2.14.         
.  ,    ,
   .  ,  
,     .

.2.15.     ,  , 
       ,   
.    --        
.   --        
.

.2.16.          
.  "" ,    .

.2.17.       "" 
,     ,   .  
,       " ".  
    .

.2.18.       "" 
.

.2.19.       .

.2.20.       
  .

.2.21.   " "   
. ,       
       .

.2.22.        
 .      ,  
  .

.2.23. ,   : 1)  
    , 2)   
    , 3)   
     ,   , 4)
      .  ,  
       .

.2.24.      XVII   .  
,          
.      [1257].   [543],
  .26--27.

.2.25.  .    ,    
     [1257].     [543],
  .26--27.

.2.26.  .    ,    
     [1257].     [543],
  .26--27.

.2.27.        .

.2.28.         
     .

*********************************************************************
                            3

.3.1.         ,  
.         
 ,  .

.3.2.        ,  
.         
 ,  .

.3.3.        ,  
.         
 ,  .

.3.4.     $\o^2$ Eri  $\xi$ Eri   
 .         
 ,  .    
  [1197].

.3.5.     $\eta$ Cas    ,
  .         
 ,  .

.3.6.     $\iota$ Per    ,
  .         
 ,  .

.3.7.    $\tau$ Cet    ,
  .         
 ,  .

.3.8.     $\gamma$ Cer    ,
  .         
 ,  .    
  [1197].

.3.9.       ,  
.

.3.10.      
         .

.3.11.          ,
  .

.3.12.   " "   
        "
 ".

.3.13.        
 .  ,     
 .

.3.13a. 14-    .

.3.14.      
     $\gamma$  $\varphi$  $\gamma$
 $\beta$.    $\tau=0$.

.3.15.    $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$
 .

.3.16.      .

.3.17.      .

.3.18.       1551 .  
   "Anno 1551".  ,   
   XVII--XVIII .

********************************************************************
                             4

.4.1.    ,   
  .

********************************************************************
                              5

.5.a.      .

.5.b.    --   .

.5.1.  ,   .

.5.2.       .

.5.3.       $\sigma(\gamma,
          \varphi, t)$    $t$.

.5.4.     $\varphi$  $\gamma$ 
 .

.5.5.      $\gamma_{stat}(t)$ 
$\varphi_{stat}(t)$  .

.5.6.     $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$.

.5.7.    $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$.

.5.8.       1551 .

*******************************************************************
                           6

.6.1.   ,     .
    .

.6.2.       $P(t)$ 
 ,      
 .

.6.3.      $\gamma_{stat}(t)$,
$\varphi_{stat}(t)$  $\beta_{stat}(t)$    $$ 
.

.6.4.     $\gamma_{stat}(t)$,
$\varphi_{stat}(t)$  $\beta_{stat}(t)$    $$ 
.

.6.5.     $\gamma_{stat}(t)$,
$\varphi_{stat}(t)$  $\beta_{stat}(t)$    $C$ 
.

.6.6.     $\gamma_{stat}(t)$,
$\varphi_{stat}(t)$  $\beta_{stat}(t)$    $D$ 
.

.6.7.     $\gamma_{stat}(t)$,
$\varphi_{stat}(t)$  $\beta_{stat}(t)$    $$ 
.

.6.8.     $\gamma_{stat}(t)$,
$\varphi_{stat}(t)$  $\beta_{stat}(t)$   
$\Zod A$  .

.6.9.     $\gamma_{stat}(t)$,
$\varphi_{stat}(t)$  $\beta_{stat}(t)$   
$\Zod B$  .

.6.10.      
.

.6.11.  $\sigma_{min}, \sigma_1, \sigma_{init},
p_{min},  p_1,  p_{init}$   .

.6.12.  $\sigma_{min}, \sigma_1, \sigma_{init},
p_{min},  p_1,  p_{init}$    .

.6.13.  $\sigma_{min}, \sigma_2, \sigma_{init},
p_{min},  p_2,  p_{init}$   .


**********************************************************************
                            7

.7.1.       .

.7.2.   \\   ;
  $t_0=3,5$.

.7.3.    $F_{t,\gamma,\varphi}$  12
  .  $\varphi$   .

.7.4.       13 
   $t=1, 5, 10, 15, 20$.   : $\gamma=21$;
 : $\gamma=0$.

.7.5.     37  ,
  .7.3,    .  
     
 $\gamma$  .  , 
     $\gamma =
\gamma_{stat}\pm 5'; \beta=0\pm 30'$.

.7.6.     --     37 
 (.7.3),      
 10 .     -- 
  .

.7.7.    --     37 
 (.7.3),      
 20 .     -- 
  .

.7.8.    37  ,
  .7.3,      30-  
    .    
  .    
   $\gamma$  .
 ,     
 $\gamma = \gamma_{stat}\pm 5'; \beta=0\pm 30'$.

.7.9.    $\Delta(t, \gamma, \varphi)$  
  $t$   1,    1800  ..,   $t=18$,    100
 ..      $\Delta \le 10'$.
     $10'<\Delta \le 15'$. ,
 ,  $15'<\Delta \le 20'$.   
  $\Delta>20'$.     
$\gamma_{stat}^{\Zod A}(t)$, $\varphi_{stat}^{\Zod A}(t)$.

.7.10.   .

.7.11.      
    . ,   
    600  1300  ..

.7.12.        
     " ".   
   .  ,   
,      . 
     $\gamma$  
$\gamma_{stat} \pm 5'$,     $\beta$   $0 \pm
20'$.      900-1000  ..   5--6
 .    II  ..,   $12'$,
      .    II
  ..   --  $14'$.

.7.13.       
   9  " ",   
    $5^o$.     
  $\gamma$   $\gamma_{stat} \pm 5'$,  
  $\beta$   $0 \pm 20'$.  
  1000--1100  ..   9--10  .    II
 ..        $15'$.

.7.14.        
   12  " ",  
     $10^o$.   
    $\gamma$   $\gamma_{stat}
\pm 5'$,     $\beta$   $0 \pm 20'$. 
   900  ..   $11'$.   100  ..
    $14'$  .

.7.15.        
   15  " ",  
     $15^o$.   
    $\gamma$   $\gamma_{stat}
\pm 5'$,     $\beta$   $0 \pm 20'$. 
   800--900  ..   $10'-11'$.    100
 ..   $12'$.

.7.16.        
   22  " ",   
    $20^o$.     
  $\gamma$   $\gamma_{stat} \pm 5'$,  
  $\beta$   $0 \pm 20'$.  
  400--800  ..   $22'-23'$.   ,
     .  ,  
    $15^o - 20^o$  .  
        
    .     .. 
$23'$,   V   .. -- $24'$.

.7.17.       
 .4.3,   20-   
.        .  
 ,    30-   
   .     
.

.7.18.       
   .4.3,   25- 
  .       
.

.7.19.       
   .4.3,   30- 
  .       
.

.7.20.       
   .4.3,   35- 
  .       
.

.7.21.       
   .4.3,   40- 
  .       
.

.7.22.       
   .4.3,   45- 
  .       
.

.7.23.      20 :  12
  .4.3,     $Zod A$,   
   8   .    ,
       ,   
  $Zod A$.

.7.24.      "
"  736      . 
      600-900  ..

.7.25.      
   6  .

.7.26.      
   7  .

.7.27.      :
$\delta(t)=\Delta_b(t, \gamma_{geom}(t), \varphi_{geom}(t))$}

.7.28.   $\gamma_{geom}(t)$   
.

.7.29.      .

.7.30.      .

.7.31.        
$\beta\approx0'$,
           $\gamma\approx21'$.

.7.32.     .

.7.33.         
 .

.7.34.      
      .

.7.35.         
 ,     
 .

.7.36.       ,
 "  ". ( $\lambla_1 = 1$).

.7.37.        
.

.7.38.      :  =   110,
 =  469,  =  848,  =  553,  = 
510,  =  452.

.7.39.    $\Delta L_{max}(t)$  $\Delta L^0(t)$.

.7.40.   $m_2(t)$  $m(t)$,  
  8   .

.7.41.  $m_2(t)$  $m(t)$,  
  6   .

**********************************************************************
                            8

.8.1.    $\gamma_{stat}(t) \pm \Delta \gamma$,
  \Zod A,    $\gamma_{geom}(t)$
   ,    
  $\varepsilon=\varepsilon_A$,   ,
    .

.8.2.      100  ..  
,   .

.8.3.      100  .. --
  .

.8.4.    .

.8.5.      $c(X,K(t_0,0,0))$.
  --    $s(X,K(t_0,0,0))$.

.8.6.   ,     .

.8.7.    .

.8.8. , $t=9$.     ,
  --      
.

.8.9.         ,
$t=18$.

.8.10.        , $t=18$.
    ,   --
.   --     ( 
10- ),    --  
.

.8.11.      ,   
    -   .

.8.12.   ,      
.

.8.13.        ( ).

.8.14.      .

****************************************************************
                           9

.9.1.        $A$
   ,  $t=3$.

.9.2.       $\Zod A$
   ,  $t=3$.

.9.3.       $$
   ,  $t=3$.

.9.4.       $\Zod B$
   ,  $t=3$.

.9.5.       $C$
   ,  $t=3$.

.9.6.       $D$
   ,  $t=3$.

.9.7.       $M$
   ,  $t=3$.

.9.8.   $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$  
 $A$    .

.9.9.   $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$  
 $\Zod A$    .

.9.10.  $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$  
 $B$    .

.9.11.  $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$  
 $\Zod B$    .

.9.12.  $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$  
 $C$    .

.9.13.  $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$  
 $D$    .

.9.14.   $\gamma_{stat}(t)$  $\varphi_{stat}(t)$  
 $M$    .

.9.15.    $\Delta(t, \gamma, \varphi)$ 
     $t$   2,6  4,2,    1480  .. 
1640  ..      $\Delta\le2'$, 
  $\Delta\le2,5'$.

.9.15a.  "       .
: ., 1665" [139], .89.     [139], .89.

.9.16.        $\Zod A$
 ,  $t=5$.

.9.17.        
  ,   
 ( -- ).

.9.18.     $\Delta(t)$ 
     
   $t$ .

.9.19.      .

.9.20.       .

.9.21.     25    : 
      -    
   ,    .


********************************************************************
                          10

.10.1.         ,
  .      ,
 .

.10.2.         
. ,   --   .   
--   X--XI .   -- " " III
  ..   --   XV--XVI .

.10.3.     $\eta$   ,  18
 960  ..      
   .   PLANETUP.    
  5    .   --  , 
  40   .

.10.4.    ,     18 
960  ..   PLANETUP.     
.

.10.5.     $\eta$   ,  21
 888  ..      
   .   PLANETUP.    
  5    .   --  , 
  40   .

.10.6.    $\beta$      13  14
 959  .. ,    
  $\beta$   13, 14, 15 .  
PLANETUP.

.10.7.     $\delta$  25  994  ..,
   .      
  .   PLANETUP.    
  1.30   (   ),   --
   2.30   (   ).

.10.8.    "  " (   30 
)   $\gamma$   16  1009  .. 
       .  
PLANETUP.       16.40  
(   ),   --    17.50 
 (   ).       
     .

.10.9.   ""    
    ,     X--XI ,
  ,  --    V  ..  
     ""  
  XIV   .    
.

.10.10.  ,   -
    . ,  
  XV--XVI .      " 
" --      , , 
 ,      
 1020  .. (  1152 ).    
--       " ":    
.

.10.11.   . "Tabulae Rudolphinae: quibus
astronomicae...". 1627 .   , .

.10.12.        (). ,  
     .  :  Tycho Brahe, "Astronomiae
instauratae mechanica", 1598.   ,    
       .  
  ,   ,    .
 ,    ,    
,    -  .  ,
  ,   - ,
 , .   ,    -
,      .    
 .   .    [1017:1], .208.

.10.13.     ""  .
.   [1036:1], .86.

.10.14.     1665  ,   
   .  -    1660-1661
      .   [150:1], .87.

.10.15.     .  . . Tycho's
Astronomiae instauratae mechanica.  1598 .   ,
.

.10.16.       .   ,
.

.10.17.     .   [1460:1]. . 
[98], .209.

.10.18.       .   [1460:1].
.  [98], .209.

.10.19.     ,   
,    :  , 
,  ,  .     
""   1771 .    
   ,   --  ,  
 .    --    
.    --      
   .   -  
 .   --    .  
 --    .    [1118], .1,
.486--487.

.10.20.   .   [1118], .1, .486--487.

.10.21.      .   , .

.10.22.  .  . 1610 .  
 .   , .

.10.23.  .     (1615-1683). 1677 .
  , .

*******************************************************************
                           11

.11.1.        
.       
 .

.11.2.          
   II  ..    ,
     XVIII .

.11.3.        
,      ,   .
    $N$   II  ..

.11.4.        1537
.

.11.5.         1537 .

.11.5a.       1528 .
      .   
   ,   
(Trabson  Trapezunt).       
   1537  (  
),         1537
.         
   .    [1191:1], .59.

.11.6.        
1538        1537 .

.11.7.      . (1471--1528),
 1527 .   [90], .8.

.11.8.      . (1471--1528), 
1527 .   [90], .9.

.11.9.         
1551 .          1527 
  .      
 .   [543],    216  217.

.11.10.        
1551 .  ,      
 .    [543],    216 
217.

.11.11.  " ",      
   .         
,  .

.11.12.  " c",       
  .         
,  .

.11.12a.    (Edmond Halley). Thomas Murray (1663-1735). 
1687 .   , .

.11.13.       
(1440--1519),   . ,   
    ,  
.      "" 
 .   [1234],  318.

.11.14.       
 .     [1339].

.11.15.      . 
 [1339].     ,
  .

.11.15a.  "  ".  (  )
( 1444-1514). ,   . ""  
      ,     
 .   [463:1], .113, .98.

.11.16.   " "  .   .,
,  [1177], .262.    ,  .11.40.

.11.17.   ,    
   ""   ,  
.     .  
  "" ,  --  ,  
.

.11.18.    .    
"" ,  --  ,   .

.11.19.    .  
, " "     XI  ..
      .

.11.20.    "  " 
     .

.11.21.   ,  " " 
 .     ""
,  --  "  ",   ,  
XIII--XIV  ..      ,  , 
.

.11.22.        .  
,   .     
  .    [44],   .12--13.

.11.23.    .    
 .   [44],   .160--161.

.11.24.      ,    
 .   [926], .54.

.11.24a.    "   
".   (Jan Matejko) (1838-1893). "Astronom Kopernik, czyli
rozmowa z Bogiem". Jagiellonian University Museum. 1872.   .

.11.25.       .
     1490    "
".   [98], .42.

.11.26.  " -- ,     
" [926], .55.    .  ,  
       
 .    [1036:1], .90. .  [926], .55.

.11.27.    ""     
,   "" .    [98], .8. 
    (" "?)      .0.1.

.11.28.   "   ", 
 .      
.   [44],   .12--13.

.11.29.    .   [44],  
.12--13.

.11.30.     "   ".
   1543 .     M.D.XLIII
   .    [44],  
.144--145.

.11.31.         .  
[44],   .144--145.

.11.32.      . 
     (     ).
       .   
    ,   ,   ,
 ,   .    " 
" ,      ( 
)  .   ,   
   ,   , 
  .    [395], .132.

.11.32a.         
 [1036:1], .16.

.11.33.      " ",
  1673 .     .    [44],
  .160--161.

.11.34.   ,  ,   
  ,    .   [550],
.173.

.11.34a.   .  .   1500 . 
  , .   , .

.11.35.           "
  ",  1543 .    
,    ,   
   .      . .   . 
 [395], .108  [44], .175.

.11.35a.         [1036:1], .14.

.11.36.     ,  .  $T$
   $B$, ,   ,  
 $S$.  ,       , 
,  ,    ,   
  $B$.       
.         
,        
 " ".    [44], .177.

.11.37.        .  
 -  ,     
.    [946], .151.

.11.38.     " " 
. ,  1493 .   [90], .25.

.11.39.       "
"  .   1497 .  
        .   --
 1546   1346.      XIV    XVI
.    [90], .25.

.11.40.      ,  VI 
..        .11.16.  -
,      ,   
  .   ,   
.        X-XIII .  
 [40:c], .71. .  [1177], .262.

.11.40a.          . 
 .

.11.41.  ""     VI  ..  
(Beth-Alpha, Hefzibah),      
  [1177], .266.      
  .   ,   ,  - 
 ( - ),    - ,   -
23 .     .   ,  
    ""- ,  , , 
.    [1177].  .15.4, .267.

.11.42.      - "
" 1680 .   [940],  145, .   
.

.11.43.      
  (1440--1519),   . ,  
      ,
   .     ""
  .    (. " ", .3),
 - -     - XVI
  III.   [1117], .103.

.11.44.    ,    
1700  ().   .   [1160], .304-305.

.11.45.    ,    
1700  ().   .   [1160], .304-305.

.11.46.     -  X .  
[1160], .308.

.11.47.   ,     1742 . 
 Mattha"us Seutters  1745 . Atlas novus (). 
 .   [1160], .315.

.11.48.   ,     1742 . 
 Mattha"us Seutters  1745 . Atlas novus (). 
 .   [1160], .316.

.11.49.    John Sellers Atlas maritimus, London,
1679.   [1160], .321.

.11.50.    . James Barlow, London, 1790.  
[1160], .322.

.11.51.    . James Barlow, London, 1790.  
[1160], .323.

.11.52.   ,  Frederick de Wit, Planisphaeri coeleste,
1680.  .   [1160], .324.

.11.53.  ,  Frederick de Wit, Planisphaeri coeleste,
1680.   .   [1160], .324-325.

.11.54.  ,  Frederick de Wit, Planisphaeri coeleste,
1680.  .   [1160], .325.

.11.55.      (Julius Schiller). Coeli stellate
christiani haemisphaerium prius. Andreas Cellarius' Atlas coelestis seu
harmonia macrocosmia, Amsterdam, 1660.   [1160], .326.

.11.56.      (Catalan Atlas).
  , ,  .   [1177], 
.32,   .106-107.

.11.57.      , 
  1490     VII.    ,
" ,   (  - .)   
 ,    3496   ..,     
  .." [1017:1],   .128-129.  
,     ""  
    .    .

.11.58.   XV .  - ""    ,
,    .      .
      .    [1017:1], 
 .128-129.

.11.59.      .  
[1017:1],   .128-129.

.11.60.     ,    XIII  
 -,    X .    [1017:1], 
 .128-129.

.11.61. "  "    .  
 . ,  ,  , .    [713],
.424.

.11.62.  "  "    .  
 . ,  ,  , .    [713],
.424.

.11.63.     .  , " ".
,  1493 .   ,  
   XIV       
 .    [926], .44.

.11.64.     . , 1623 .  
 [926], .80.

.11.65.    . 1687 .   [926],
.89.

.11.66.        (Peter
Apian),  1540 .      " " 
,     . ,    -
,   - .        
?         
?     .   [1343], .157, .152.

.11.67.         (Peter
Apian)  1540 .  : Peter Apian, "Astronomicum Caesareum",
Ingolstadt, 1540.   [1160], .317.

.11.68.     1575 . : Heinrich Arboreus, Hans
Donauer.           
XVII-XVIII .    [1343], .158, .153.

.11.69.       1575  (Heinrich
Arboreus, Hans Donauer).   [1343], .159, .154.

.11.70.         1575 
(Heinrich Arboreus, Hans Donauer).   [1343], .161, .156.

.11.71.  ,       
1575  (Heinrich Arboreus, Hans Donauer).   [1343], .163, .157.

.11.72.  ,        1575
 (Heinrich Arboreus, Hans Donauer).   [1343], .165, .158.

.11.73.  -     "Astronomicon
Caesareum"  1540 .   [1343], .51.

.11.74.       1482 .   
   ,       
 "  ", .5,  "  -", .7.
,      ,    ?
 ,   N   " "   , 
    U .   , ,  ,
  MARE IDICVM     " ",  
 .    [1343], .9, .21.

**********************************************************************

                           

 2.1.   ,  30-
 ( ),    
  .

 2.2.      
.

 2.3.       
  .

 2.4.       
.

 2.5.        
.

 2.6.       
  (  )   
.

 2.7.      
  .

 2.8.      
        
.

 2.9.      
        
.

 3.1.     
      
   .

 4.1.       [1197].
  ,     0,5 /   
      1900 .

 4.2. '    
        
 " ".    t
    0  30,   
      1900 
..     100 .  t=0  1900 
..,  t=30  1100   ..

 4.3.  ,     ""
  76 .

 6.1.       
 -        
 .    ,    
  .

 6.2.    
$\gamma_{stat}(18)$  $\varphi_{stat}(18)$    
  .

 6.3.   $x^\gamma_\varepsilon$
  $I_\gamma(\varepsilon)$  
$x^\varphi_\varepsilon$  
$I_\varphi(\varepsilon)$     $\varepsilon$
      : 1200
 .. ($t=7$)  100  .. ($t=18$).

 6.4.   $a_{11}, a_{12}, a_{22},$ 
    ,     
100  .. ($t=18$).

 6.5.    21   ,   
      ()
.        
,    12-   , 
  .     , 
     .

 6.6.    21   .
 $\sigma^G_{init}, \sigma^G_{min}, \sigma^G_1 - $ . .
    G - ,   
   G  ,   $ZodA$.
      
$P^G_{init}, P^G_{min}, P^G_1$   , 
   $10'$.

 6.7.     
.   $\sigma^G_{init}, \sigma^G_{min}, \sigma^G_2 - $
. .      G - ,  
    G  , 
 $ZodA$     $\varphi$. 
     
$P^G_{init}, P^G_{min}, P^G_2$   , 
   $10'$.

 7.1.   12-    
   .   
  ,    
.

 7.2.   12-    
     
      ,
  $\gamma_0=21'$  $\varphi_0=0$.

 7.3.   , ,  BS4 [1197],
  ,    BS4  
      . 
    .    
     ,  
   .

 7.4.    , 
     .  $\lambda_3 / lambda_1
= 1 + \varepsilon $.        
.

 8.1.    $2,5', 5', 10'$  $1^o$ 
    50 , 75   1 .

 9.1.     .

 9.2.      .

 9.3.  .  
$(\gamma_{stat}(t), \varphi_{stat}(t))$   
: 1500  .., 900  ..   400  ..

 10.1.    ,    
.

 10.2.   X-XI    
,   .

  ,    1.  ,

     : 1.1 (    1.1()  1.1()).

     : 1.2  1.3.

     ,     
  : 4.4 (  4.4  4.4).

----------------

                         

       ,
     1945  ,     (),
   (   ),
    (      
),      
 ( ) (2009).   - , ,
  -  
 .      
  ,     
    .  
    1996  ( 
)        
  .    200  , 30
   ,     
,  ,   ,
 ,    ,
 .

            
-     ,
   .

        (1942-2001)
      - , .  
     .   
..    , ,
,    .  ,
        
       .
      
. ..    
   .     160
 ,    10  (   ,
  ).      
   .     
 ..    
  1986 .

       ,
     1958  ,  -  (,
1988),     , 
,   ,  ,
  ,  
 .     
(),   - ,   
,         
   .     
 -  .








