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Название форумаСвободная площадка
Название темыСид - битвы с Альморавидами
URL темыhttps://chronologia.org/dc/dcboard.php?az=show_topic&forum=264&topic_id=115005&mesg_id=120241
120241, Сид - битвы с Альморавидами
Послано Markgraf99_, 05-03-2016 01:05
В преданиях описываются две крупные битвы Сида с Альморавидами под Валенсией: сначала победа над королём Юсуфом, затем над королём Букаром. Им по-видимому соответствуют исторические победы Сида при Куарте (поле Куру?) (в 1094) и Байрене (в 1097). Не просматриваются ли в этих битвах мотивы Куликовского сражения (которое по-видимому тоже оказалось разбито на несколько битв-дубликатов, следующих друг за другом: 1378, 1380, 1382 годов)?
Во-первых, какое-то время перед этим на лагерь Альморавидов под Валенсией обрушивается ужасный шторм и потоп, который устрашает их, словно против них был сам бог (может быть, это потоп войск библ. фараона или иносказательно огнестрельное оружие?):

По книге The Story of the Cid For Young People by Calvin Dill Wilson https://archive.org/details/storycidforyoun00wilsgoog
http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=wilson&book=cid&story=valencia THE SIEGE OF VALENCIA
NEWS OF THE ALMORAVIDES. A MIGHTY RAIN AND FLOOD FRIGHTENS THE AFRICANS. THE CID BESIEGES THE CITY. THE DESPAIR OF THE VALENCIANS. THE CID TURNS AGAINST ABENIAF.
...But that night there was the greatest rain storm that had ever been known in that country, and such a flood that at daybreak, when the people of Valencia looked from the wall to see the banners and the camp of the Africans, they could see nothing, and they were filled with anxiety and dread for several hours when they learned that the Almoravides had turned back and would not come to Valencia. The Africans were so dismayed by the rains and floods, to which they were not accustomed in their own country, that they thought they should be <146> swept away, and that the hand of God was against them...

В сражении с Юсуфом Сид побеждает превосходящую 50-тысячную армию в критический момент с помощью засадного полка во главе с его более младшим родственником и сподвижником Альваром Фаньесом (засада Владимира Андреевича?):

http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=wilson&book=cid&story=yucef KING YUCEF OF MOROCCO BESIEGES VALENCIA
KING YUCEF FROM MOROCCO COMES TO BESIEGE VALENCIA. DOСA XIMENA'S FEAR. THE FIRST CHARGE UNDER ALVAR SALVADORES. THE CID DEFEATS THIS VAST HOST AND GATHERS IMMENSE SPOILS. THE CID TAKES KING YUCEF'S SWORD TIZONA. THE CID SENDS KING ALFONSO A PRESENT OF TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY HORSES AND KING YUCEF'S TENT. THE INFANTES OF CARRION ASK FOR THE CID'S DAUGHTERS.
DOСA XIMENA had been in Valencia three months, and March was coming, when news came to the Cid from beyond the sea that King Yucef, the son of the Miramamolin, who lived in Morocco, was setting out with fifty thousand men to besiege Valencia...
...and we can only defeat them by mastery in war." When Alvar Fanez heard this, he answered: "You have achieved greater things than this. Give me three hundred horse, and we will go out when the first cock crows and put ourselves in ambush in the valley of Albuhera; and when you have opened the battle, we will come out and fall upon them on the other side, and on one side or the other we shall overcome them." The Cid was well pleased with this advice and said he would follow it...
..Then being all ready they went out through the gate which is called the Gate of the Snake, for the greatest force of the Moors was on that side...
..leaving the ambush on the left, and struck to the right hand, so as to get the Moors between them and the town...
Then the Cid bade his banner move on, and the Bishop spurred forward with his company, and they fought ..Terrible was the fighting and slaying; but as the Moors were so many in number they pressed hard upon the Christians and were about to overcome them. The Cid began to encourage them, shouting for "God and St. James."
And Alvar Fanez at this time came out of the ambush and fell upon the Moors on the side nearest the sea; and the Moors thought a great army had arrived to help the Cid, and they were dismayed and began to fly. ..Hardly fifteen thousand of the fifty escaped. Those who were in the ships, when they saw this defeat, set sail and went to Denia.
..The Cid won in this battle from King Yucef his famous sword Tizona, which name means a firebrand...
King Yucef..fell sick and died. But before he died he begged his brother Bucar, on account of the tie between them, that he would revenge him for the dishonor he had received at the hands of the Cid before Valencia; and Bucar promised to do this, and swore upon the Koran, the sacred book of the Mahometans, that he would do this...

В этой битве Сид завладел легендарным мечом Тисоной (либо в битве с Букаром), что переводится как "головня" (burning stick, firebrand). Не означает ли эта "горящая палка" огнестрельное оружие Дмитрия Донского? У Хайме I Завоевателя (1208-1276) был меч с похожим названием Тисо, эти мечи отождествляли. У Сида был и другой меч Колада - название напоминает "кладенец" (укладный?). Кстати герой Агрика, сын царя Ирода, владевший Агриковым мечом - не тот же ли царь Тартарии Агрикан у Боярдо (Чингисхан?)? (Агрик, или Агрика -- сказочный богатырь, побеждавший исполинов и чудовищ. За свою жизнь он собрал несметное количество оружия, среди которого было копье, сделанное из громовой стрелы, и непобедимый меч-кладенец.) Мечом Агрика Пётр Муромский ("Сказание о Петре и Февронии") победил змея.
Юсуф просит брата Букара отомстить Сиду. Дарий в "Александрии" тоже просит Пора отомстить Александру после поражения. Букар вскоре приплывает на кораблях с огромным войском в котором было 29 царей. Букар считал, что Сид захватил его земли. Битвы эти имели и религиозное значение. Букар проигрывает битву, и множество его людей тонут в реке и море при бегстве, сам раненый Букар также бросился в море к лодке:

http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=wilson&book=cid&story=victory A GREAT VICTORY OVER THE AFRICANS
THE CID'S PET LION. THE ANGER OF THE INFANTES. KING BUCAR FROM AFRICA COMES WITH A GREAT ARMY. A GREAT VICTORY FOR THE CID. THE VAST SPOILS.
AT this time the Moorish king, Bucar, across the sea in Morocco, remembering the oath he had taken to his brother, King Yucef, that he would take vengeance upon the Cid, ordered proclamation to be made throughout all the dominions of his father that he wished for a great army to go against the Cid. As his father was Miramamolin, that is Emperor, he soon was able to gather so great a host that among them there were twenty-nine kings. When he had assembled this host, he took ship and started across the sea...
...great cry was heard in the town and a great tumult, for King Bucar had come within three miles of Valencia and was pitching his tents there. This camp made a great show, and the chroniclers say there were five thousand pavilions, besides common tents...
After the Cid had heard this, he took his sons-in-law and their uncle, and went with them into the highest tower of the Alcazar, and showed them the <224> army of Bucar. The Cid looked on this sight and began to laugh, and he was exceeding glad; but Suero and his nephews were in great fear...
...This King Bucar was a kinsman of Alimaymon, who had been king of Toledo and Valencia, and this was the reason why Bucar said that Valencia had belonged to his forefathers.
...the Cid ordered the bell to be struck, at the sound of which all the men at arms in Valencia were to gather together. ..for they trusted in God and in his good fortune that they should conquer. On the next morning, at cock-crow, they, according to their custom, received the sacrament; and before the dawn broke they went forth from Valencia. When they had got through the narrow passes among the gardens, the Cid set his army in array. The front he gave to Alvar Fanez and to Pero Bermudez, who carried his banner; and he gave them five hundred horsemen and fifteen hundred footmen. In the right wing was the Bishop Don Hieronymo, with the same number of horse and foot; and in the left Martin Antolinez and Alvar Salvadores. The Cid came in the rear with a thousand horsemen, all in coats of mail, and twenty-five hundred foot-soldiers. In this array they proceeded until they came in sight of the Moors.
...they came in haste, not thinking the Cid would come against them so soon...
...We must greet each other and cut out a friendship."—"I want no such friendship," cried Bucar, and turned his horse and began to flee toward the sea, and the Cid after him. But Bucar had a good horse and fresh, while Bavieca had had a hard day's work. When they were near the ships, the Cid saw that he could not reach him, so he threw his sword at him and struck him between the shoulders. But Bucar being badly wounded rode into the sea <231> and got to a boat, and the Cid alighted and picked up his sword.
Then his people came up, hewing down the Moors before them, and the Moors in their fear ran into the sea, so that twice as many died in the water as in the battle. It is said that seventeen thousand were slain on the field, and that a greater number perished in the sea. Of the twenty-nine kings, seventeen were slain. When the Cid saw that some of the Moors had gotten to the ships, and that others were slain or captured, he returned toward their tents...
Then they gathered the spoils, which were great riches in gold and silver, in pearls and precious <232> stones, and in tents and horses and oxen...

Песнь о Сиде пишет так:
118
...Убил Сид Букара, царя из-за моря,
Добыл Тисону, что стоит тысячу марок червонных.
2460 Победил он в той битве, чудесной и огромной,
Великою славой покрывшей Кампеадора.

"Особенно замечательна победа, одержанная им в 1094 г. на равнине Куарто, перед Валенсией, когда 3000 всадников Сида обратили в бегство альморавидскую армию, насчитывавшую, по уверению испанских хронистов, 150000 человек."

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Cuarte
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bair%C3%A9n
...The chaotic nature of the Muslim retreat led many Almoravid soldiers to drown in the river which crossed their path of retreat or in the sea as they tried to reach the safety of the Almoravid armada.