>Wetter(нем.) - Ветер(русск.)
>Weather(англ.) - Витэр(укр.)

http://podictionary.com/?p=137 - Etymology of the word 'weather'.
Until the 15th century the word was pronounced “weder” with a “d” instead of a “th.”
In Russian a related word vedro means “good weather” while in Lithuanian vydra means “bad weather.”
The thinking is that the root of the word comes from an Indo-European root we meaning “to blow.” In that sense a day without wind might be a day without weather.
The expression “to weather the storm” means to sit it out, hopefully in a safe place.
According to the OED the expression comes from nautical origins.
The scenario goes like this. Sailing requires wind. Storms or sunshine are brought by the wind and so among sailors the words wind and weather became synonyms of a kind. So when sailing, to weather an obstruction meant to sail to the windward side of it. When passing along a coast, this usually was the only alternative to crashing into the shore, so that to weather a rocky point meant to get safely by it.
From there it was only a short leap from meaning “to get safely through” that part of the journey, to meaning get safely through other ordeals.