Распечатать страницу | Назад к предыдущей теме
Название форумаСловарь
Название темыRE: black - черный
URL темыhttps://chronologia.org/dc/dcboard.php?az=show_topic&forum=268&topic_id=170&mesg_id=360
360, RE: black - черный
Послано guest, 29-08-2013 02:31
black – 1) черный цвет 2) черный 3) очень грязный 4) становится черным
black (n.) (черный цвет, чернила)
Old English blæc "the color black," also "ink," from noun use of black (adj.). From late 14c. as "dark spot in the pupil of the eye." The meaning "black person, African" is from 1620s (perhaps late 13c., and blackamoor is from 1540s). To be in the black (1922) is from the accounting practice of recording credits and balances in black ink.

black (adj.) (из староанглийского «blæc» - темнота; из протогерманского «blakaz» - сожженный, обожженный, горелый).
Old English blæc "dark," from Proto-Germanic *blakaz "burned" (cf. Old Norse blakkr "dark," Old High German blah "black," Swedish bläck "ink," Dutch blaken "to burn"), from PIE *bhleg- "to burn, gleam, shine, flash" (cf. Greek phlegein "to burn, scorch," Latin flagrare "to blaze, glow, burn"), from root *bhel- (1) "to shine, flash, burn;" see bleach (v.).

The same root produced Old English blac "bright, shining, glittering, pale;" the connecting notions being, perhaps, "fire" (bright) and "burned" (dark). The usual Old English word for "black" was sweart (see swart). According to OED: "In ME. it is often doubtful whether blac, blak, blake, means 'black, dark,' or 'pale, colourless, wan, livid.' " Used of dark-skinned people in Old English.

Of coffee, first attested 1796. Meaning "fierce, terrible, wicked" is late 14c. The color of sin and sorrow since at least c.1300; sense of "with dark purposes, malignant" emerged 1580s (e.g. black magic). Black face in reference to a performance style originated in U.S., is from 1868. Black flag, flown (especially by pirates) as a signal of "no mercy," from 1590s. Black dog "melancholy" attested from 1826. Black belt is from 1875 in reference to districts of the U.S. South with heaviest African population; 1870 with reference to fertility of soil; 1913 in judo sense. Black power is from 1966, associated with Stokely Carmichael.

bleach (v.) (белить, отбеливать, побелеть)
Old English blæcan "bleach, whiten," from Proto-Germanic *blaikjan "to make white" (cf. Old Saxon blek, Old Norse bleikr, Dutch bleek, Old High German bleih, German bleich "pale;" Old Norse bleikja, Dutch bleken, German bleichen "to bleach"), from PIE root *bhel- (1) "to shine, flash, burn" (cf. Sanskrit bhrajate "shines;" Greek phlegein "to burn;" Latin flamma "flame," fulmen "lightning," fulgere "to shine, flash," flagrare "to burn;" Old Church Slavonic belu "white;" Lithuanian balnas "pale"). The same root probably produced black; perhaps because both black and white are colorless, or because both are associated with burning. Related: Bleached; bleaching.

И опять знакомый PIE корень*bheleg - , из *bhel- сиять, вспыхивать, гореть. Нет, в пламени, безусловно, есть и белая составляющая. Опять-таки, отблеск от пламени. Естественно, есть такой цвет, как «палевый». Но в английском «pale» - это «бледный». Нет, по сути своей опять «белый» - чередование «бл»/ «пл». Впрочем, в украинском – блакитный – голубой. Кому что чудится.

1826:
BLACK, a. 1. dark, without colour or light, cloudy, vile, dismal; G. and T. “black”; S. “blac”; “Απλυκη”. Met. infernal, without ecclesiastical sanction. Темнота, отсутствие красок и света, облачность, мерзость, угрюмость, мрачность. Адский (метафорически), без церковного благословения.

Но, при этом:
BLANK, a. white, having no mark or colour, indefinite, vacant; G. “bleik”; “βιαλυκη”; S. “blœc”; B. “bleek”, “blank”; Swed., D., N., “blank”; F. “blank”. Белый, без отметин, неясный, пустой.

BLAZE, s. 1. a white mark; G. “blisa”, Swed “blœs”; D. and B. “blis”; T. “blaesse”, “blesse”, from “lios”, white. Отметина на лбу животного (белая звездочка).
2. A flame, conflagration; S. “blasé”; D. “bluss”; Swed. “bloss”; “φλόξ”; B. “blix”; T. “blitz”, a flame, torch, lightning. Пламя, большой пожар; факел, осветительный прибор; вспышка света.

Но ведь сюда еще и «BLUE»!

Нет, этого я не постигну. Из одного корня и «черный», и «белый», и «голубой».
Может быть это особый случай дальтонизма?