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Попалась на ФБ по-английски пламенная речь Будики, которая разбудила галлов и подняла на борьбу свободолюбивых галлов против "импортного деспотизма римлян!
Jason Passerell According to Cassius Dio (3rd century Roman historian), this is part of Boudicca's speech. Even the victors can chronicle the enemy's inspiring words. "" "You have learned by actual experience how different freedom is from slavery. Hence, although some among you may previously, through ignorance of which was better, have been deceived by the alluring promises of the Romans, yet now that you have tried both, you have learned how great a mistake you made in preferring an imported despotism to your ancestral mode of life, and you have come to realize how much better is poverty with no master than wealth with slavery. For what treatment is there of the most shameful or grievous sort that we have not suffered ever since these men made their appearance in Britain? Have we not been robbed entirely of most of our possessions, and those the greatest, while for those that remain we pay taxes? Besides pasturing and tilling for them all our other possessions, do we not pay a yearly tribute for our very bodies? How much better it would be to have been sold to masters once for all than, possessing empty titles of freedom, to have to ransom ourselves every year! How much better to have been slain and to have perished than to go about with a tax on our heads! Yet why do I mention death? For even dying is not free of cost with them; nay, you know what fees we deposit even for our dead. Among the rest of mankind death frees even those who are in slavery to others; only in the case of the Romans do the very dead remain alive for their profit. Why is it that, though none of us has any money (how, indeed, could we, or where would we get it?), we are stripped and despoiled like a murderer's victims? And why should the Romans be expected to display moderation as time goes on, when they have behaved toward us in this fashion at the very outset, when all men show consideration even for the beasts they have newly captured?"
ну, сам-то я давно не верю в длинные прямые речи исторических героев в изложении историков, которые лично не присутствовали, но спустя несколько веков достоверно передают их речи!
но в качестве доказательства поздней подделки я нашёл выражение
an imported despotism
смотрим французский толковый словарь
Le Petit Robert dic despotism - 1698 (первое письменное употребление)
английского языка Webster's Dic despotism - 1727 !
далее смотрим слово и титул деспот
Значение<править> истор. в монархических государствах — правитель, обладающий неограниченной властью ◆ Не указан пример употребления (см. рекомендации). перен. властный самодур, не считающийся с чужими желаниями и интересами ◆ Не указан пример употребления (см. рекомендации).
Происходит от греч. δεσπότης «господин, повелитель». Русск. деспот зафиксировано уже в XVI в. В др.-русск., возм., заимств. из греч., но в отрицательном значении — через зап. языки; ср.: нем. Despot, франц. despote «деспот, жестокий властелин». Использованы данные словаря М. Фасмера; см. Список литературы.
https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82
англо-
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despot_(court_title)
Although it was used for high-ranking nobles from the early 12th century, the title of despot began being used as a specific court title by Manuel I Komnenos, who conferred it in 1163 to the future King Béla III of Hungary, the Emperor's son-in-law and, until the birth of Alexios II in 1169, heir-presumptive. According to the contemporary Byzantine historian John Kinnamos, the title of despot was analogous to Bela's Hungarian title of urum, or heir-apparent.<8><9>
From this time and until the end of the Byzantine Empire, the title of despot became the highest Byzantine dignity, which placed its holders "immediately after the emperor" (Guilland).<10> Nevertheless, the Byzantine emperors from the Komnenoi to the Palaiologoi, as well as the Latin Emperors who claimed their succession and imitated their styles, continued to use the term despotes in its more generic sense of "lord" in their personal seals and in imperial coinage.<10><11><12> In a similar manner, the holders of the two immediately junior titles of sebastokrator and Caesar could be addressed as despota (δεσπότ^ .<13> The despot shared with the Caesar another appelatory epithet, eutychestatos (εὐτυχέστατος, "most fortunate") or paneutychestatos (πανευτυχέστατος, "most fortunate of all").<14>
The use of the title spread also to the other countries of the Balkans. The Latin Empire used it to honour the Doge of Venice Enrico Dandolo and the local ruler of the Rhodope region, Alexius Slav. After ca. 1219 it was regularly borne (it is not clear whether the title was awarded by the Emperor or usurped) by the Venetian podestàs in Constantinople, as the Venetian support became crucial to the Empire's survival.<17> In 1279/80, it was introduced in Bulgaria to placate the powerful magnate (and later Tsar) George Terter in 1279/80. During the Serbian Empire it was widely awarded among the various Serbian magnates, with Jovan Oliver being the first holder, and it was held by lesser principalities as well, including the self-proclaimed Albanian despots of Arta.<8><18> In the 15th century, the Venetian governors of Corfu were also styled as despots.<8> As the title of despot was conferred by the emperor and usually implied a degree of submission by the awardee, the Palaiologan emperors tried long to persuade the Emperors of Trebizond, who also claimed the Byzantine imperial title, to accept the title of despot instead. Only John II of Trebizond and his son Alexios II, however, accepted the title, and even they continued to use the usual imperial title of "basileus" domestically.<19>
With the death of the last Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI on May 29, 1453, the creation of a despot became irregular. The title was granted by Pope Paul II to Andreas Palaiologos, heir to the Byzantine throne in 1465, and by the king of Hungary to the heirs of the Serbian Despotate.
примеры деспотий
Эпирское царство (греч. το Βασίλειο της Ηπείρο` , в некоторых работах также именовавшееся Эпирским деспотатом (греч. Δεσποτάτο της Ηπείρο` или Эпирской деспотией — средневековое греческое государство, образовавшееся на землях бывшей Византийской империи. Являлось осколком Византийской империи, наряду с Никейской и Трапезундской империями.
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE
Морейский деспотат (Мистрский деспотат, греч. Δεσποτάτο του Μυστρ^ был провинцией Византийской империи, существовавшей с середины XIV до середины XV веков.
За более чем 150 лет границы деспотата менялись, и к концу его существования его территория занимала практически весь полуостров Пелопоннес, который в то время именовался Мореей. Обычно государством управлял наследник византийского императора, носивший титул деспота. Столицей провинции был хорошо укреплённый город Мистра, располагавшийся рядом с древней Спартой и являвшийся важным центром византийской культуры и власти.
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82
ну и собственно Кассий не знал такого слова, не мог знать
Луций Клавдий Кассий Дион Кокцеан (или Коккейан)<1>, более известный как Дион Кассий или Кассий Дион<коммент. 1> (др.-греч. Δίων ὁ Κάσσιος, лат. Lucius Claudius Cassius Dio Cocceianus; между 155 и 164 годами н. э., Никея, провинция Вифиния и Понт, Римская империя — 230-е годы н. э.) — римский консул и историк греческого происхождения, автор часто цитируемой «Римской истории» (др.-греч. Ῥωμαϊκὴ ἱστορία, Rōmaïkē historia) в 80 книгах, охватывающих историю от прибытия Энея в Италию до времён Александра Севера. Более половины сочинения, написанного на древнегреческом языке, сохранилось целиком или в значительных извлечениях. Существует полный английский перевод труда Диона Кассия, опубликованный в «Loeb Classical Library». На русский язык переведены полностью книги LI—LXXX (51—80).
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9
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