FOREWORD
The book is devoted to the received by us dating of the Birth of Christ with 1152 A.D. The appearing due to this reconstruction of the events of the XII century is stated. For the first time this dating was received by us in 2003 and since that time found many confirmations.
The book contains only new material and the results, received by us in 2003. All of them are published for the first time.
We underline that the main result of the book is the new and, probably, final dating the Birth of Christ and evangelic events. It was received by us by means of several independent from each other (and, of course, from the Scaligerian chronology) natural-scientific methods. In the book we tell in detail – how this purely chronological result was proved and how it could be understood. A number of suppositions and ideas, giving such explanations, are stated. Addressing to our possible critics we want to say that our reconstructions are not just "discussions on the topic", but attempts to explain the reliable chronological results. See details of our analysis of chronology in general and proofs of the incorrectness of the Scaligerian version in the book "Foundations of the history", "Methods", "Stars". Unfortunately some of our critics, missing the chronological base and mathematical methods, drop on the suppositions, which they don't like for one or another reason. Of course, emotions are clear here. But still the issue is so serious that it requires attentive, unhurried study. Starting from the basics. Emotions should be left "for another time".
The received in the book final dating of the Birth of Christ with 1152 turned out to be not so much different from the proposed by us before 2003, as a working supposition, dating of the Birth of Christ with the middle of the XI century. The difference in one hundred years is not big in a historical scale. But the correct dating of the epoch of Christ with the XII century A.D. let us considerably deepen our reconstruction of the universal history. An extremely interesting picture of the prehistory of the Great = "Mongol" Empire. Here the history of Christian church comes at the first place. In our opinion, an important opening was discovery of an entire layer of worldly primary sources, telling about Christ. The final dating of the life of Christ with the XII century let us see the things, which it was nearly impossible to note earlier. The difficulty was in the fact that the ancient worldly descriptions of the life of Christ were often written by the authors, far removed from the Christianity and from bitterly hostile positions relatively to Christ. That's why nobody yet managed to understand their core just with simple reading of a chronicle. But right after the precise chronological place of life of Christ was indicated, it became clear, which exactly personages of the worldly history actually were "the duplicates" of Christ. A picture of the appeared correspondence turned out to be astonishing in its scale. For the first time during the last several hundred years the researchers of evangelic history got a possibility to use the biographies of Christ, written within the frames of an absolutely different tradition and actually absolutely independent from the Gospels. So, more surprising is the opening deep similarity with the Gospels. (Here we mean the events themselves, not the relation of the author of text to them.) As a result a lot of new and extremely interesting data about Christ appear.
We repeat that dating of the epoch of Christ, received by us in the present book, is final, as it was found by means of independent natural-scientific, including astronomical, methods. Moreover, direct indications of the correct dating of Christmas were found in the old sources.
Dating of the Birth of Christ with the XII century ideally corresponds to the found by us earlier statistical parallelisms. This lets us in general finish the reconstruction of the written history of mankind, starting from the epoch of the birth of written language in the X-XI centuries.
A new step in our reconstruction, done in the present book, lets us look absolutely in a different way at the place of Russian Orthodoxy in Christianity. It is known that the Russian Orthodoxy until the XVII century preserved many archaic features, appropriate only to it and differing, let's say, from the Greek Orthodoxy. According to the reformers of the XVII century a difference between the Russian and Greek Orthodoxy could be explained with the fact that Russians, having borrowed a faith from Greeks, couldn't keep it full purity and through time, allegedly, mistakes appeared in the Russian Church. The opponents of reforms stated that Russia had its own tradition, "not worse the Greek one", and probably "even better". From the point of the implanted to us today Scaligerian chronological base, of course, the reformers were right. We are being convinced that the Russians had borrowed the Christianity from Greeks at the time when the Greek church allegedly existed for a long rime. That's why the Russian church is like a pupil of the Greek one. But now it appears that an authentic picture was absolutely different. It appears that Russia was baptized by Christ himself in the XII century, when he lived in Russia for a long period of time. That's why Russian and Greek Orthodoxy – these are two equal churches, which appeared at the same time. And the Russian one was created even a bit earlier. This explains the presence in the Russian Orthodoxy of its own, unique features, coming, actually, from Christ himself.
Next, the original features of the Russian Orthodoxy were announced "incorrect" and in a considerable measure were destroyed during the church reforms of the XVII century (which, by the way, started before Nikon). Nevertheless, some things remained, even if not in church usage, but in old books and documents. The existence of original Russian stream in the Orthodoxy played, probably, an important role in transmission in the XIII-XIV centuries of the mother country of the Great Empire from Tsar-Grad on Bosporus to Vladimir-Suzdal Russia.
We underline that in our study we, as usually, absolutely don't touch the issues of faith and theology. In particular, we don't discuss any church dogmas. Only the issues of historical-chronological character are touched in the book. We say this because there are a lot of people, wanting to distort demagogically the core of our studies and to show them allegedly as an interruption into the theological or dogmatic field. It is not so. We repeat once again – our works on chronology and, in particular, the present book, don't touch any of the theological dogmas of the Christian church. Neither other churches.
We repeat that in the books, written before 2003, as a preliminary supposition, we hold to the restored by us medieval tradition, relating an epoch of the life of Christ to the XI century. This tradition was supported, for example, by the famous chronologist of the XIV-XV centuries Matthew Vlasar. But our further studies showed that the correct dating of the life of Christ was later for around one hundred years. Such shift of dating of the Birth of Christ nearly doesn't touch the material, published by us before 2003, as it related mainly to the later epoch of the XIV-XVII centuries.
When reading the present book one should take into account the following important circumstance. In the ancientry and Middle Ages the texts were often written without vocalization that is without any vowels or missing most of them. For example, in the Arabic written language vowels nearly disappeared, as there were simply no letters for them. One shouldn't think that Arabic letters are presented only in the Arabic texts. The ancient Russian texts were also sometimes written with Arabic letters, see the book "New Chronology of Russia". And we can't be sure that one or another word, let's say, from a Russian chronicle, didn't pass, in its time, through a filter of Arabic written language, having lost all its vowels. Later they were restored, but, probably, in a wrong way. Moreover, in the old Russian written language vowels were often missed. In general, vowels in the old words, and moreover in names and proper names, were not very reliable. See details in the books "Foundations of the history" and "Methods". That's why a reader shouldn't surprise when in our book he will meet attempts of reading of the old names based only on the skeleton of consonants. For a modern reader, accustomed to equally clear reproduction of both vowels and consonants in the modern written language, such approach may seem strange. One will have to get accustomed to it, as we work with old texts.
We are thankful to N.D.Gostev for the big help in search of the sources, necessary for writing this book.
In the last time, on the wave of our studies, more and more works (including books, published by solid publishing houses), containing unreasoned "reconstructions" of the history appear in print. Moreover, some of them are hidden parodies on our works or even an intentional attempt to lead the new chronology to absurd. We underline that such "reconstructions" have no any attention to the new chronology and we should be clearly separated from it. We try to monitor interesting works, related to the new chronology, and to inform about them in our books or on our site chronologia.org.
In conclusion we note that our reconstruction of the history is yet a suppositional one. At the same time we answer for the accuracy and reliability of the received by us datings. That's – for the new chronology. It could be explained in a different way, proposing historical suppositions. As it seems us, the proposed by us explanations are rather natural and in general are reasoned. Nevertheless, we don't insist on them.
In the present book we refer to our seven volumes "Chronology. First Canon", containing a fundament of the New Chronology and published in 2004-2006 by publishing house RIMIS, Moscow. The seven volumes consist of the following books:
1) A.T.FOMENKO, "Foundations of the history";
2) A.T.FOMENKO, "Methods";
3�) A.T.FOMENKO, V.V.Kalashnikov, G.V.Nosovskiy, "Stars" Part 1;
3�) A.T.FOMENKO, �.N.Fomenko, G.V.Nosovskiy, "Stars" Part 2;
4) A.T.FOMENKO, G.V.Nosovskiy, "New chronology of Russia";
5) A.T.FOMENKO, G.V.Nosovskiy, "Empire";
6) A.T.FOMENKO, G.V.Nosovskiy, "Biblical Russia";
7) A.T.FOMENKO, G.V.Nosovskiy, "Reconstruction".
See ����1, ����2, ... , ����7 in the list of literature.
We are deeply thankful to �.N.Fomenko for many valuable notes and additions.
A.T.FOMENKO, G.V.Nosovskiy
2006, Moscow,
Lomonosov Moscow State University
