A.T.Fomenko
Empirico-Statistical Analysis of Narrative Material and its Applications to Historical Dating

Volume II
The Analysis of Ancient and Medieval Records

Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994
ISBN 0-7923-2605-9
ISBN 0-7923-2606-7 (Set oftwo volumes)
Translated by O.Efimov

Volume 1: The Development of the Statistical Tools

 

VOLUME 2: The Analysis of Ancient and Medieval Records (pdf)

CONTENTS

Introduction

Chapter 1. Methods for the Statistical Analysis of Narrative Texts

1. The Maximum Correlation Principle for Historical Chronicles and Its Verification by Distribution Functions. Analysis of Russian Chronicles

2. The Maximum Correlation Principle and Its Verification by Frequency Histograms. Method for the Discovery of Dependent Historical Texts. The Period of "Confusion" in the History of Russia (1584-1600 A. D.)

3. A Method for Dating Historical Events Described in Chronographic Texts, and Its Verification Against Reliable Historical Data

4. Methods for Ordering and Dating Old Geographic Maps and Descriptions

4.1. The map-code and the map-improvement principle

4.2. Confirmation of the map-improvement principle

4.3. Herodotus' map

4.4. Medieval geography

5. Frequency Distributions in Rulers' Numerical Dynasties

5 .1. Parallel rulers' dynasties

5.2. Statistical parallel between the Carolingians and the Third Roman Empire

5.3. Statistical parallel between the Holy Roman Empire and the Third Roman Empire

5.4. Statistical parallel between the Holy Roman Empire and the Empire of the House of Hapsburg

5.5. Statistical parallel between the Holy Roman Empire and the Second Roman Empire

5.6. Statistical parallel between the Holy Roman Empire and the kingdom of Judah

5.7. Statistical parallel between Roman coronations of the Holy Roman emperors and the kingdom of Israel

5.8. Statistical parallel between the First Roman pontificate and the Second Roman pontificate

5.9. Statistical parallel between the First Roman Empire (regal Rome) and the Third Roman Empire

5.10. Statistical parallel between the Second Roman Empire and the Third Roman Empire

5.11. Statistical parallel between the kingdom of Judah and the Eastern Roman Empire

5.12. Statistical parallel between the kingdom of Israel and the Third Roman Empire

5.13. Statistical parallel between the First Byzantine Empire and the Second Byzantine Empire

5.14. Statistical parallel between the Second Byzantine Empire and the Third Byzantine Empire

5.15. Statistical parallel between medieval Greece and ancient Greece

5.16. Statistical duplicates of the Trojan war

5.17. "Modern textbook of European history" and its decomposition into the sum of four short isomorphic chronicles

5.18. Possible explanation of the three chronological shifts discovered in the Global Chronological Diagram

1. The general idea and the 1,000-year shift

2. The 333-year shift


Comment of 2013 year. The following fragment is taken from the book Anatoly T.Fomenko "History: Fiction or Science", vol.2. Delamere Publishing,2005.

3. The 1 ,800-year shift

5.19. Dionysius the Little

6. Some Other Independent Proofs of the Existence of Three Basic GCD Chronological Shifts 78

6.1. The list of Roman popes as the spinal column of medieval Roman history

6.2. The mean age of all old historical names and the frequency-damping principle for the matrix columns

6.3. Square matrix of biblical names and statistical duplicates in the Old and New Testament

6.4. Matrix of parallel passages in the Old and New Testament

6.5. Scatterings of related names in chronological lists. The relation matrix

1. Introduction 90

2. Name list of secular or church rulers

3. Correct and incorrect chronology in the name list. Frequency histograms

4. Computation of histograms for real historical texts

5. Histograms related to the name and nationality lists of Roman popes

6. Damping succession in a historical chronicle

7. Results related to the lists of biblical names and parallel passages

8. Chronological shifts between the duplicates in chronologically incorrect chronicles

9. The card-deck problem and chronology

10. Relation matrix: preliminaries

11. Principal definitions. Assumptions about the structure of a correct chronological text

12. Relation measure. The problem of separation of strong and weak relations in a chronicle

13. Frequency histograms for the appearance of relations. The choice of thresholds

14. Results related to the name list of Roman popes. Chronological shifts

15. The list of names of Roman emperors and the related chronological shifts

16. The comparison of the results obtained with the decomposition in the Global Chronological Diagram

Chapter 2. Enquete-Codes of Chronological Duplicates and Biographical Parallels. Three Chronological Shifts: The Byzantine-Roman 333-year shift, the Roman 1,053-year shift and the Greco-biblical1,800-year shift

1. Frequency Characteristics and Enquete-Codes of the Historical Periods from 82 B.C. to 217 A.D. (Second Roman Empire) and from 300 to 550 A.D. (Third Roman Empire). The 330-year First Basic Rigid Shift in Roman History

1.1. Ancient sources and their origin. Tacitus and Bracciolini

1.2. The complete list of Roman emperors of the Second and Third Roman Empires

1.3. The 330-year rigid shift in Roman history. The parallel between the Second and the Third Roman Empires. Remarkable Biographical Parallels

2. Charlemagne's Empire and the Byzantine Empire. The 330-year Rigid Shift. Comparison of the 4-6th cc. A.D. and the 7-9th cc. A.D.

3. Chronological "Cut" in the Traditional Version of Ancient History
1

4. The 1,053-year Second Basic Chronological Shift in European History

4.1. The general structure of the 1,053-year second chronological shift and the 1,800-year third chronological shift

4.2. The formula of the shift X+ 300. Parallels between the First Roman Empire (Regal Rome), the Third Roman Empire and the Bible. The first 250 years of Roman history

4.3. War against the Tarquins and the Gothic war. The 1,053-year chronological shift and the formula X+ 300. Comparison of the historical events of the 6th c. B.C. and the 6th c. A.D.

1. War prehistory

2. Start of the GTR-war

3. War with Rome

4. Stream of parallel events

5. End of the GTR-war

4.4. The Second Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire in the 10-13th cc. A.D. The 1,053-year chronological shift and the formula X+ 300

1. Ancient Rome and medieval Rome in 555-850 A.D.

2. John the Baptist and John Crescentius {lOth c. A.D.)

3. Jesus Christ and Gregory VII Hildebrand {11th c. A.D.)

4. Star flares in the Second Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire. The "evangelical star" in 1 A.D. and star flare in 1054 A.D.

5. Eclipse that occured during the Crucifixion

4.5. The Third Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire. The 720-year chronological shift as the difference between the first and second basic chronological shifts. The Trojan war, Gothic war and Italian war in the 13th c.A.D.

5. The Parallel between the Western Third Roman Empire and the Biblical Kings of Israel. Enquete-Codes of the Historical Periods of the 9-5th cc. B.C. and the 3rd-6th cc. A.D.

5.1. The complete table of both streams

5.2. The remarkable biographical parallel

6. The Parallel between the Eastern Third Roman Empire and the Biblical Kingdom of Judah

6.1. The complete table of both streams

6.2. A remarkable biographical parallel

7. The Medieval Song of Roland and the Biblical Book of Joshua

7 .1. History of the poem "Song of Roland"

7 .2. The parallel between the medieval poem and the ancient chronicle. Table of the isomorphisms

8. The 1,800-year Third Basic Rigid Shift in Ancient Chronology. The Gothic =Trojan= Tarquins' War(= GTR war) and Its Chronological Duplicates in the Different Epochs of Traditional History

8.1. The Trojan war and the Gothic and Tarquinian wars

1. The medieval Trojan cycle. Homer, Dares and Dictys

2. A rough comparison

3. The "legend of a woman" and the start of war

4. The fall of Naples and Troy

5. The Greeks' Trojan horse and the Latins' aqueduct of Naples

6. Achilles and Patroclus = Valerius and Brutus

7. Achilles and Hector = Belisarius and Vitiges

8. Achilles' "betrayal" and Belisarius' "betrayal"

9. Troilus = Totila; Paris = Porsena

10. The other Trojan legends

11. Medieval anachronism in the ancient Trojan cycle

12. The Christian dating of the Trojan war

8.2. The Reflection of the Trojan war and the GTR-war in the 1st c. (Sulla, Pompey and Julius Caesar) B.C.

1. New parallels in Roman history (the "great Triumvirate": Sulla, Pompey, Julius Caesar and the GTR-war in the 6th c. A.D.)

2. Four statistical duplicates: the Gothic war in 6th c. A.D. = the Roman war (Julius Caesar) in 1st c. B.C. = the Trojan war in the 13th c. B.C. and = the Tarquinan war in the 6th c. B.C.

3. The "principal king": Justinian= Pompey= Agamemnon= Tarquinius the Proud

4. The "legend of a woman"

5. Marcius Junius Brutus and Patroclus

6. Vercingetorix and Hector

7. Julius Caesar and Achilles

8. Anthony and Antonina

8.3. The GTR-war of the 6th c. A.D. and the Nika riot of the 6th c. A.D.

9. Egyptian Chronology

9.1. Difficulties in creating Egyptian chronology

9.2. Astronomical dating of the zodiacs in the temple in Dandarach

1. The "round zodiac" and its horoscope. History of the problem

The next fragments of the texts are replaced by the fragments from the book: Anatoly T.Fomenko, Tatiana N.Fomenko, Gleb V.Nosovskiy. "History: Fiction or Science?". Chronology 3. Part 2. - DelamerePublishing, Paris, London, New York, 2007. Part 2 THE DATING OF THE EGYPTIAN ZODIACS. A. T. Fomenko, T. N. Fomenko, G. V. Nosovskiy
(T. N. Fomenko is a Doctor of Physics and Mathematics and the author of several books and scientific articles on algebraic topology and geometry as well as algorithm theory, and also a Professor from the Department of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Moscow State University.) Part 2 THE DATINGOF THE EGYPTIAN ZODIACS.A. T. Fomenko, T. N. Fomenko, G. V. Nosovskiy

10. Some Strange Features of Ptolemy's Almagest. Preliminary Remarks

10.1. Latin and Greek editions

10.2. Durer's astrographic charts in the first editions of the Almagest

11. Duplicates in Greek Chronology. The 1 ,800-year Chronological Shift

11.1. The Epoch of the Crusades in 1099-1230 A.D. and the Epoch of the Great Greek Colonization in the 8-6th cc. B.C.

11.2. Charles of Anjou and Cyrus

11.3. Matilda and Miltiades

11.4. The Greco-Persian war and the battle of 300 Spartans with Xerxes' armies at Thermopylae

11.5. The war in medieval Greece and the Peloponnesian war in ancient Greece

11.6. The medieval Mahometans and the ancient Macedonians. Mahomet II and Philip II

Appendix 1. Volmne Graphs for the "Biographies" ofthe Holy Roman Emperors ofthe 10-13th cc. A.D. Additional Chronological and Statistical Data of Ancient History

Appendix 2. When Was Ptolemy's Star Catalogue Really Compiled? Variable Configurations of the Stars and the Astronomical Dating of the Almagest Star Catalogue 346

1. History of the Problem and Subject of the Work

2. Some Notions from Astronomy

3. Some Characteristics of the Ancient Star Catalogues

4. Errors in the Coordinates in Ancient Catalogues

5. Preliminary Analysis of the Almagest

6. General Description of the Method of Dating

6.1. Types of errors occurring in the catalogues

6.2. Systematic errors

6.3. Random errors and spikes

7. Statistical Analysis of the Almagest Star Catalogue

7.1. Preliminary remarks 357

7.2. Classification of latitude errors

7.3. Analysis of errors. Seven homogeneous regions in the Almagest star atlas

7.4. Error values in the Almagest star catalogue

8. The Dating of the Almagest Star Catalogue

8.1. Statistical dating procedure

8.2. Geometrical dating procedure

9. Stability of the Method

10. Dating of Other Catalogues

10.1. Tycho Brahe's catalogue

10.2. Hevelius' catalogue

10.3. Ulugbeck's catalogue

10.4. Al-sufi's catalogue

Appendix 3. Dating of the Almagest Based on the Occultation of the Stars by Planets and Lunar Eclipses 376

1. Introduction

2. Dating of the Occultation of the Stars by Planets

3. Dating of the Lunar Eclipses

4. The Chronology of the Almagest

Appendix 4. The Dating of the First Oecumenical Council of Nicaea and the Beginning of the Christian Era 390

1. A date for the Council of Nicaea from the Easter Book

1.1. The accepted point of view

1.2. A date from the Easter determination rule. A computer experiment

1.3. A date from Easter full moons

1.4. A date from the "Damaskine palm"

1.5. An explicit date of Matthew Vlastar

1.6. Comparison of the dates

1.7. The "first and second" Oecumenical Council. Canonization of the Easter Book

1.8. The Gregorian calendar reform

1.9. Where the date for the Council of Nicaea came from

1.10. The main conclusions

2. The Birth of Christ and the 1 A.D.

2.1. History of the problem

2.2. The "First Easter conditions"

2.3. A date for the first Easter from the complete set of the first Easter conditions

2.4. Dates for the First Easter from the reduced set of the First Easter conditions

3. On modern tradition

3 .1. The extremity of modern dating ("the more ancient the better")

3.2. Matthew Vlastar's equinoxes and modern chronological tradition

Appendix 5. The Well-known Babylonian Captivity and the Well-known Avignon Exile of Papacy

Bibliography

Subject Index

Index of Names

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