FOREWORD
The present book is issued in a new edition, made by A.T.FOMENKO. It considerably differs from the previous ones. You see the second book of the 3rd volume of the seven-volume book "Chronology" (the seven-volume is divided into 14 books).
Volume 1. FIGURES AGAINST LIE. - A.T.Fomenko.
Volume 2. ANTIQUITY IS MIDDLE AGES. - A.T.Fomenko. Book 2. WE CHANGE DATES – EVERYTHING CHANGES. - A.T.Fomenko
Volume 3. Book 1: STARS TESTIFY. V.V.Kalashnikov, G.V.Nosovskiy, A.T.Fomenko. Book 2. CELESTIAL CALENDAR OF THE ANCIENTS - G.V.Nosovskiy, A.T.Fomenko, T.N.Fomenko.
Volume 4. Book 1. NEW CHRONOLOGY OF RUSSIA. - G.V.Nosovskiy, A.T.Fomenko. Book 2. THE MIRACLE OF RUSSIAN HISTORY - G.V.Nosovskiy, A.T.Fomenko
Volume 5. Book 1. EMPIRE. - G.V.Nosovskiy, A.T.Fomenko. Book� 2. RISE OF THE TSARDOM. - G.V.Nosovskiy, A.T.Fomenko
Volume 6. Book 1: BIBLICAL RUSSIA. - G.V.Nosovskiy, A.T.Fomenko. Book 2: OPENING OF AMERICA BY RUSSIA-HORDE. - G.V.Nosovskiy, A.T.Fomenko. Book 3: SEvEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD - G.V.Nosovskiy, A.T.Fomenko.
Volume 7. Book 1. WESTERN MYTH. - G.V.Nosovskiy, A.T.Fomenko. Book 2. RUSSIAN ROOTS OF THE "ANCIENT" LATIN. - G.V.Nosovskiy, A.T.Fomenko, T.N.Fomenko
This part is devoted to decoding of the dates, written on the zodiacs of the ancient Egypt. A raw of precise chronological landmarks of the Egyptian history is established. This is made by means of the created by A.T.FOMENKO and G.V.Nosovskiy principally new method of the FULL DECODING OF THE EGYPTIAN ZODIACS. See more detailed explanation of these and other astronomical results in the books "New chronology of Egypt" [���] and "Stars", where also computer programs for the dating and huge table materials are provided.
In the present research of the Egyptian zodiacs were used many important ideas of N.�.Morozov [544], v.6; N.S.Kellin - D.V.Denisenko [376]; �.N.Fomenko [912:3].
For the first time a precise approach to the selection of astronomical solutions of the Egyptian zodiacs is proposed in the work of T.N.Fomenko [912:3]. In particular, she showed that the Egyptian zodiacs let ideally precise solutions at some – fully acceptable – decodings of their astronomical content. But these decodings, proposed in [912:3], were not the only possible.
The present research is a continuation and development of the indicated works. Many fundamental facts, established by these authors relatively to astronomical symbolism of the Egyptian zodiacs, are taken in the account and got additional confirmation. With this, A.T.FOMENKO and G.V.Nosovskiy discovered that on the Egyptian zodiacs there is one more extremely important layer of astronomical symbols, the sense of which was not understood before. As a result of this, rather unexpected opening, the principally new possibilities for dating of the zodiacs appeared.
Due to the first time opened possibilities and as a result of wide computer astronomical calculations, we managed to state uniquely several tens of dates, written on the ancient zodiacs. All the dates were of the same epoch – not earlier than the XI century A.D. See the resulting list in chapter 8.
The previous decodings of the Egyptian zodiacs, - first of all of N.�.Morozov, N.S.Kellin and T.N.Fomenko – were fractional. These authors managed to identify astronomically many, but not all, pictures on the zodiacs. The difficulty is clear – it was necessary to check a huge amount of variants of decodings, what is impossible to do manually. The received by A.T.FOMENKO and G.V.Nosovskiy in 2001 decoding IS FOR THE FIRST TIME FULL, that is with an exhaustive computer search of ALL the ambiguously stated symbols. With this the only full decoding is discovered, first, taking into account all the pictures on each zodiac, and, second, as it suddenly appeared, letting a strict astronomical solution. This fact is very important. The existence of such full, and always dated decoding, is not evident in advance. Moreover, the discovered astronomical solutions for the most of Egyptian zodiacs turned out to be the only. In this sense an analysis of A.T.FOMENKO and G.V.Nosovskiy is the final.
The found by A.T.FOMENKO and G.V.Nosovskiy full decoding of the main horoscopes on the Egyptian zodiacs, mainly contained the proposed earlier fractional decodings of N.�.Morozov and T.N.Fomenko. But in details it somehow differs from them. The differences are kind of clarifications in those complicated situations, when there was a choice between the numerous possible variants. For example, this is related to the easily mixing designations of the Sun and the Moon. The previous researchers in such cases reasoned their choice, meaningfully analyzing the Egyptian symbolic. They didn't use computer search of all the possible variants of decoding. Not in all cases the proposed by them reading was final, and, therefore, the found by them dates were not ideally precise. That's why the received by A.T.FOMENKO and G.V.Nosovskiy final datings differ from the previous datings of N.�.Morozov, N.S.Kellin - D.V.Denisenko and T.N.Fomenko.
The calculated by A.T.FOMENKO and G.V.Nosovskiy final dates for Dender zodiacs, as appeared, were earlier already mentioned in the work of T.N.Fomenko. That was for the Long Dender zodiac at the stage of preliminary analysis, when she already considered the date of April 22-27, 1168, coinciding with the date, found by A.T.FOMENKO and G.V.Nosovskiy. But it was put away by T.N.Fomenko, see. [912:3], p.721, due to the differences in identification of the Sun in the decoding of N.�.Morozov and in that decoding, which appeared to be final, according to the new method. For the Round Dender zodiac in the same work of T.N.Fomenko [912:3] as one of the possible solutions, mentioned at the preliminary stage of the analysis, already was stated the date March 30-31, 1185, just on 10 days differing from the found final date of the full solution of the Round zodiac. This date was also thrown away by T.N.Fomenko only for the reason of small differences� between the decoding, on which she stopped, and that decoding of the Round zodiac, which lead to full solution with new method. As in the case of the Long Dender zodiac, these differences related, actually, to the easily mixed symbols of the Sun and the Moon.
Let's list the final datings of some Egyptian zodiacs, based on the full decoding:
1) ROUND DENDER ZODIAC: morning of March 20, 1185 A.D.
2) LONG DENDER ZODIAC: April 22-26, 1168 A.D.
3) ZODIAC FROM THE BIG CHURCH OF ESNA: March 31 – April 3, 1394 A.D.
4) ZODIAC FROM THE SMALL CHURCH OF ESNA: May 6-8, 1404 A.D.
5) ATHRIBIAN ZODIACS of Flinders Petrie: �) Upper Athribian zodiac: May 15-16, 1230 A.D. �) Lower Athribian zodiac: February 9-10, 1268 A.D.
6) THEBAIC ZODIAC OF HENRY BRUGSCH, as appeared, contains at once three horoscopes, each giving its own date: �) The horoscope of demotic additions: November 6,1861 A.D. by the Old Style �) The horoscope "without staffs": October 6-7,1841 A.D. of the Old Style �) Horoscope "in boats" – February 15, 1853 A.D. of the Old Style. So, the "ancient"-Egyptian wooden hearse, on the cover of which this nice zodiac is drawn, was made in the middle of the XIX century A.D.
7) THEBAIC COLORED ZODIAC OF RAMSES VII: September 5-8, 1182 A.D.
Based on these dates, and also found in [���], we with full sureness state that the "ancient" history of Egypt of the time of pharaohs took place not thousands years B.C., as it is usually considered, but at the epoch of the XI-XVI centuries A.D.
Very interesting are the dates on the Egyptian wooden hearses- sarcophaguses. They could be seen in many albums on the Ancient Egypt. They are considered "very ancient". But it appears that their authentic ancientry in some cases could be precisely established. The issue is that on the covers of these hearses sometimes zodiacs with codified in them dates are placed. A decoding of one of them – zodiac of Brugsch – gave the middle of the XIX century! Otherwise, the "ancient" Egyptians (they, probably, are Mamelukes) just 150 years ago made such hearses and tombed in them. And today they are shown in many museums of the World as allegedly the monuments of the "ancient" history of the mankind.
By the way, for some reason no any explanations are given – how, in the absence of iron devices, the smoothly chipped and accurately sawed boards, from which these Egyptian hearses were done? And also – boats of the pharaohs, which were also made of the chipped boards. This means, the "ancient" Egyptians had jointer planes. But, as we are being convinced, in the Ancient Egypt people knew only cooper and didn't know iron. But one can't make a jointer plane from cooper. So, what we have? The next "miracle of the Ancient Egypt"? There are many such miracles in the Egyptian history. Now they disappear. It becomes clear that the Ancient Egypt, as well as the other ancient civilizations, stay not so far from us – just for several hundreds of years.
As it is shown in the book "Rise of the Tsardom", part 2, the widespread version of the chronology of the Ancient Egypt, most likely, is wrong. But then appears the only question: when for the first time appeared this wrong version?
As appears, its roots go not so far, to the epoch of the end of the XVIII century. That time Europeans for the first time, after several hundreds of years of isolation of Egypt, got a possibility to come there. In 1799 the army of Napoleon debarked in Egypt from the sea. The Mamelukes were crushed in the famous battle near the pyramids. Only after this the first acquaintance of the Europeans with the Egyptian antiquities started. And in the minds of the European scientists for the first time appeared more or less detailed picture of the Ancient Egyptian history.
Although the deepest ancientry of pharaoh Egypt was considered evident, the precise dates were not known. There were very different opinions, how exactly the events of the Egyptian history should be dated. So, for example, among Egyptologists there were followers of both the "long" and the "short" version of the Egyptian chronology. The difference between these versions reached several thousand years. The dates, proposed by Egyptologists for one or another monument, could be changed for thousands and even tens of thousands years.
We don't repeat here critics of the widespread chronology of Egypt and, in particular, critics of the radiocarbon datings of the Egyptian samples. It is described in detail in the book of A.T.FOMENKO "Figures against Lie", ch.1:15-17.
Let's shortly state a supposition, see details in the book "Rise of the Tsardom", part 2. Ancient Egypt of the times of pharaohs – it is a tsar burying ground of the Great = "Mongol" Empire of the Middle Ages. At the epoch of the XIV-XVI centuries A.D. The Empire covered the whole Eurasia and a considerable part of Africa. Egypt was just a small part of this Empire, although, probably, it was the motherland of its tsar dynasty. In Egypt the generic tsar necropolis was placed. The people of Egypt were given a role of workers and guardians of this burying ground. The tsars-pharaohs themselves didn't live in Egypt. They were brought here after the death. In our opinion, this is an explanation of that astonishing fact, that nearly all the "ancient"-Egyptian signatures for some reason describe only exequies.
So, Ancient Egypt was the place of burial of the tsars of the Great medieval Empire. Its citizens should have protected the peace of the dead rulers, who, when alive, governed not only in Egypt, but in the whole huge Empire. Egyptians built and decorated the tsar tombs, funerary temples and other funerary constructions. This was their main work. Of course, all this was done not only for the account of local Egyptian possibilities, but mainly for the account of the resources of the whole giant Empire.
In the book "Rise of the Tsardom", ch.7, also a problem of construction of the pyramids is discussed. Egyptologists draw us probably beautiful, but absolutely fantastic pictures, how, allegedly, this construction had been going. The issue is, by the way, not only about the pyramids, but also about the other colossal stone constructions of Ancient Egypt. They tell us about the giant aggregations of "ancient Egyptian slaves", who allegedly cut in the mountains stone blocks of 200-500 tons weight. And they did it allegedly with the cooper saws?!). Next, these monstrous blocks were allegedly pulled over by traction on the sand, in some mysterious way moved across the Nile, and finally, from them, like from cubes, allegedly the Pyramids were constructed.
Most likely, nothing like this existed. Construction of the pyramids was much more real and more interesting than this, frankly speaking, strange picture.
According to new look, in the Ancient Egypt, probably, rather complicated construction technologies of the XIV-XVI centuries were used. Many of them, as, for example, geopolimer concrete, were lost in the XVII century during the collapse of the Empire. A secret of geopolimer concrete was once again opened only several tens of years ago by French chemist Joseph Davidovich. Today it is again widely used in construction.
We repeat, that in the new chronology the history of Ancient Egypt of the XI-XVI centuries sill takes place of one of the oldest. But only now there is nothing surprising that some "ancient" Egyptian customs existed till the middle of the XIX century.
Chapter 9 "The history of the Ancient Times on the map of the star sky" is written by G.V.Nosovskiy and A.T.FOMENKO.
Sometimes we will refer to the tables, published by us in the books [���] and "Stars" (����3-�, publishing house RIMIS).
A.T.FOMENKO G.V.Nosovskiy T.N.Fomenko
Lomonosov Moscow State University
